雅思聽(tīng)力背景材料：英國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)
在雅思聽(tīng)力考試中有很多關(guān)于英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的話題，如果有英國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)背景知識(shí)作為基礎(chǔ)將會(huì)對(duì)這些話題的理解和相關(guān)問(wèn)題的解答有很大的幫助。下面雅思就與大家分享英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的簡(jiǎn)要介紹，供大家參考。
1.Between 1950 and 1973, Britains GDP grew at an average annual rate of 3%. Growth was hampered by chronic balance of payment deficits. The term Britain disease is now used to characterize Britains economic decline.
1950年至1973年兼，英國(guó)的國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值平均年增長(zhǎng)率為3%。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展受阻于長(zhǎng)期收支平衡的赤字，現(xiàn)在常用英國(guó)病這個(gè)詞來(lái)概括英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的特征
2.By the end of 1947, the British economy had returned to its pre-war levels. The British economy in the 50s and 60s is characterized by show but steady growth, low unemployment and great material prosperity with rising standard of consumption.
到1947年底，英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)到戰(zhàn)前水平，50到60年代，英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的特點(diǎn)是發(fā)展緩慢而穩(wěn)定，失業(yè)少，消費(fèi)上升，物質(zhì)極度繁榮。
3.John m Keynes suggested that the government should use fiscal and monetary policy to fine-tune aggregate demand to achieve full employment, while using prices and incomes policy to suppress inflation at source.
約翰，凱恩斯建議政府在利用物價(jià)和收入政策從根本上抑制通脹的同時(shí)，應(yīng)該利用財(cái)政和貨幣政策來(lái)微調(diào)社會(huì)總需求，以達(dá)到充分就業(yè)的目的。
4.The end of 1973 witnessed the first oil shock. As a result the rate of inflation rose to 16% in 1974. In the 1970s among the developed countries Britain maintained the lowest growth rate and the highest inflation rate.
1973年爆發(fā)了第一次石油危機(jī)，結(jié)果通脹率在1974年上升到了16%，70年代在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中，英國(guó)增長(zhǎng)率最低而通脹率最高。
5.The new economic programmed adopted by Mrs. Thatcher was based on the new classical school of thought. Privatization deregulation and market liberalization replaced prices and incomes control and state interventionism.
由撒切爾夫人提出的新經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃以新的古典思想學(xué)派理論為基礎(chǔ)，私有化、撤銷價(jià)格管制和市場(chǎng)自由化取代了物價(jià)和收入控制及政府的干涉主義。
6.Mrs. Thatchers government took numerous measures to improve the efficiency of the economy during the past decade using both macroeconomic and microeconomic.
在過(guò)去十年，撒切爾政府運(yùn)用宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策和微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，采取許多措施提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
7.Just as the 1940s decade is remembered in Britain as the era of nationalization. The 1980s will be remembered as the decade of privatization. During past decade almost 40% of the Britain state enterprises were privatized.
正如20世紀(jì)40年代在英國(guó)以國(guó)有化的十年被記住一樣，80年代的十年將以私有化被人們記住，過(guò)去十年里幾乎有40%的國(guó)有企業(yè)被私有化。
8.Compared with many other countries, Britain has considerable reserves of coal. It was the development of Britains coalfields which led to the Industrial Revolution. Today British coal mining is called a sick industry.
和其他許多國(guó)家相比，英國(guó)煤儲(chǔ)備相當(dāng)豐富。正是英國(guó)煤田的發(fā)展引起了工業(yè)革命，今天的英國(guó)媒業(yè)被稱為生病工業(yè)。
9.Later nature gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under the North Sea. Today Britain is not only self-sufficient in oil but also has a surplus for export.
過(guò)去天然氣和石油分別在1965年和1970年在北海發(fā)現(xiàn)，今天的英國(guó)石油不僅能自給自足，還有盈余出口。
10.The Midlands has deposits of coal and iron located near each other. Because of these resource the Midlands became the center of steal industry. But today local supplies have became exhausted ore must be imported from SpainSweden and elsewhere. The original advantages of the location of many steal works in Britain have gone.
中部地區(qū)既有煤儲(chǔ)藏也有鐵礦石儲(chǔ)藏，因此中部地區(qū)成為鋼鐵中心。但今天當(dāng)?shù)貎?chǔ)備已枯竭，礦石必須從西班牙、瑞典和其他地方進(jìn)口，英國(guó)許多鋼鐵廠原先的地理優(yōu)勢(shì)已經(jīng)一去不返。
11.The main textile producing regions of Britain are the east Yorkshire and humberside, and northern Ireland. Britains textile industry has declined markedly especially in the cotton 、jute and linen production. But the production of high quality woolen goods has not been so severely affected.
英國(guó)主要紡織基地是現(xiàn)在的中東部，約克郡和漢伯塞德郡及北愛(ài)爾蘭。英國(guó)紡織業(yè)德顯著衰退尤其表現(xiàn)在棉布、黃麻和亞麻布的生產(chǎn)上。但高質(zhì)的羊毛商品還未受影響。
12.The main textile producing regions of Britain are the east Yorkshire and humberside, and northern Ireland. Britains textile industry has declined markedly especially in the cotton 、jute and linen production. But the production of high quality woolen goods has not been so severely affected.
英國(guó)主要紡織基地是現(xiàn)在的中東部，約克郡和漢伯塞德郡及北愛(ài)爾蘭。英國(guó)紡織業(yè)德顯著衰退尤其表現(xiàn)在棉布、黃麻和亞麻布的生產(chǎn)上。但高質(zhì)的羊毛商品還未受影響。
13.In the early 20th century the motor vehicle industry in Britain was developed in the west midlands and South East of England. The British motor industry is now dominated by four firms
20世紀(jì)初，英國(guó)汽車工業(yè)在中地西部和英格蘭東南部得到發(fā)展，現(xiàn)在英國(guó)地汽車業(yè)受控于四大公司。
14.There are three areas in Britain which have been some high-tech industrial growth: the area between London and South Wales, the Cambridge area and East Anglia and the area between Glasgow and Edinburgh in Scotland.
英國(guó)高科技工業(yè)發(fā)展較好的地區(qū)有三個(gè)：倫敦和南威爾士之間的地區(qū)、東英吉利的劍橋地區(qū)以及蘇格蘭的哥拉斯哥和愛(ài)丁堡之間的地區(qū)。
15.The British were pioneers in modern agriculture and were among the first to bring science and machinery to farming. In British only 3% of the population are farmers but they manage 70% of the land and managed like an industrial business.
英國(guó)是現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)先驅(qū)，他們領(lǐng)先在農(nóng)業(yè)中引進(jìn)科學(xué)和機(jī)械。英國(guó)只有3%的農(nóng)業(yè)人口，但他們卻管理70%的土地。
16.There are mainly six farming types in Britain. They are arable farming, dairy farming, stock farming, mixed farming, hill farming and market gardening.
英國(guó)主要有六種農(nóng)作業(yè)類型：耕地業(yè)、乳品業(yè)、家畜業(yè)、混合農(nóng)業(yè)、山地畜牧業(yè)和市場(chǎng)果蔬業(yè)。
17.Arable farming emphasizes crop production and occurs on the more fertile soils. The chief crops are wheat, barely, oats, sugar beer and potatoes. During farming rears cattle primarily for milk production. Western regions with moderate rainfull, mild winters and cool summers are often important dairy areas.
耕地業(yè)重點(diǎn)是農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)，所需較肥沃的土壤，主要農(nóng)作物有小麥，大麥，燕麥，甜菜和土豆。乳品業(yè)飼養(yǎng)的牛主要供生產(chǎn)牛奶。因此，降雨量適中，冬天溫和，夏天涼爽的西部地區(qū)是重要的奶制業(yè)地區(qū)。
18.Stock farming rears livestock primarily for meat . Market gardening is the growing of vegetable and fruit which can be rapidly transported to market while fresh.
家畜業(yè)飼養(yǎng)家畜主要是提供肉食。市場(chǎng)果蔬業(yè)種植蔬菜和水果，在新鮮時(shí)就快捷的運(yùn)輸?shù)绞袌?chǎng)出售。
108.Britain is the fifth largest trading nation in the world. Napoleon called it a nation of shopkeepers and it has remained one even after the end of empire and the loss of its political and economic hegemony.
英國(guó)是世界第五大貿(mào)易國(guó)，拿破侖稱之為店主之國(guó)，即使英國(guó)瓦解，失去經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治霸權(quán)地位之后，還是一直保持貿(mào)易強(qiáng)國(guó)身份。
在雅思聽(tīng)力考試中有很多關(guān)于英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的話題，如果有英國(guó)的經(jīng)濟(jì)背景知識(shí)作為基礎(chǔ)將會(huì)對(duì)這些話題的理解和相關(guān)問(wèn)題的解答有很大的幫助。下面雅思就與大家分享英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的簡(jiǎn)要介紹，供大家參考。
1.Between 1950 and 1973, Britains GDP grew at an average annual rate of 3%. Growth was hampered by chronic balance of payment deficits. The term Britain disease is now used to characterize Britains economic decline.
1950年至1973年兼，英國(guó)的國(guó)民生產(chǎn)總值平均年增長(zhǎng)率為3%。經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展受阻于長(zhǎng)期收支平衡的赤字，現(xiàn)在常用英國(guó)病這個(gè)詞來(lái)概括英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退的特征
2.By the end of 1947, the British economy had returned to its pre-war levels. The British economy in the 50s and 60s is characterized by show but steady growth, low unemployment and great material prosperity with rising standard of consumption.
到1947年底，英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)恢復(fù)到戰(zhàn)前水平，50到60年代，英國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的特點(diǎn)是發(fā)展緩慢而穩(wěn)定，失業(yè)少，消費(fèi)上升，物質(zhì)極度繁榮。
3.John m Keynes suggested that the government should use fiscal and monetary policy to fine-tune aggregate demand to achieve full employment, while using prices and incomes policy to suppress inflation at source.
約翰，凱恩斯建議政府在利用物價(jià)和收入政策從根本上抑制通脹的同時(shí)，應(yīng)該利用財(cái)政和貨幣政策來(lái)微調(diào)社會(huì)總需求，以達(dá)到充分就業(yè)的目的。
4.The end of 1973 witnessed the first oil shock. As a result the rate of inflation rose to 16% in 1974. In the 1970s among the developed countries Britain maintained the lowest growth rate and the highest inflation rate.
1973年爆發(fā)了第一次石油危機(jī)，結(jié)果通脹率在1974年上升到了16%，70年代在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家中，英國(guó)增長(zhǎng)率最低而通脹率最高。
5.The new economic programmed adopted by Mrs. Thatcher was based on the new classical school of thought. Privatization deregulation and market liberalization replaced prices and incomes control and state interventionism.
由撒切爾夫人提出的新經(jīng)濟(jì)計(jì)劃以新的古典思想學(xué)派理論為基礎(chǔ)，私有化、撤銷價(jià)格管制和市場(chǎng)自由化取代了物價(jià)和收入控制及政府的干涉主義。
6.Mrs. Thatchers government took numerous measures to improve the efficiency of the economy during the past decade using both macroeconomic and microeconomic.
在過(guò)去十年，撒切爾政府運(yùn)用宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策和微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)政策，采取許多措施提高經(jīng)濟(jì)效益。
7.Just as the 1940s decade is remembered in Britain as the era of nationalization. The 1980s will be remembered as the decade of privatization. During past decade almost 40% of the Britain state enterprises were privatized.
正如20世紀(jì)40年代在英國(guó)以國(guó)有化的十年被記住一樣，80年代的十年將以私有化被人們記住，過(guò)去十年里幾乎有40%的國(guó)有企業(yè)被私有化。
8.Compared with many other countries, Britain has considerable reserves of coal. It was the development of Britains coalfields which led to the Industrial Revolution. Today British coal mining is called a sick industry.
和其他許多國(guó)家相比，英國(guó)煤儲(chǔ)備相當(dāng)豐富。正是英國(guó)煤田的發(fā)展引起了工業(yè)革命，今天的英國(guó)媒業(yè)被稱為生病工業(yè)。
9.Later nature gas was discovered in 1965 and oil in 1970 under the North Sea. Today Britain is not only self-sufficient in oil but also has a surplus for export.
過(guò)去天然氣和石油分別在1965年和1970年在北海發(fā)現(xiàn)，今天的英國(guó)石油不僅能自給自足，還有盈余出口。
10.The Midlands has deposits of coal and iron located near each other. Because of these resource the Midlands became the center of steal industry. But today local supplies have became exhausted ore must be imported from SpainSweden and elsewhere. The original advantages of the location of many steal works in Britain have gone.
中部地區(qū)既有煤儲(chǔ)藏也有鐵礦石儲(chǔ)藏，因此中部地區(qū)成為鋼鐵中心。但今天當(dāng)?shù)貎?chǔ)備已枯竭，礦石必須從西班牙、瑞典和其他地方進(jìn)口，英國(guó)許多鋼鐵廠原先的地理優(yōu)勢(shì)已經(jīng)一去不返。
11.The main textile producing regions of Britain are the east Yorkshire and humberside, and northern Ireland. Britains textile industry has declined markedly especially in the cotton 、jute and linen production. But the production of high quality woolen goods has not been so severely affected.
英國(guó)主要紡織基地是現(xiàn)在的中東部，約克郡和漢伯塞德郡及北愛(ài)爾蘭。英國(guó)紡織業(yè)德顯著衰退尤其表現(xiàn)在棉布、黃麻和亞麻布的生產(chǎn)上。但高質(zhì)的羊毛商品還未受影響。
12.The main textile producing regions of Britain are the east Yorkshire and humberside, and northern Ireland. Britains textile industry has declined markedly especially in the cotton 、jute and linen production. But the production of high quality woolen goods has not been so severely affected.
英國(guó)主要紡織基地是現(xiàn)在的中東部，約克郡和漢伯塞德郡及北愛(ài)爾蘭。英國(guó)紡織業(yè)德顯著衰退尤其表現(xiàn)在棉布、黃麻和亞麻布的生產(chǎn)上。但高質(zhì)的羊毛商品還未受影響。
13.In the early 20th century the motor vehicle industry in Britain was developed in the west midlands and South East of England. The British motor industry is now dominated by four firms
20世紀(jì)初，英國(guó)汽車工業(yè)在中地西部和英格蘭東南部得到發(fā)展，現(xiàn)在英國(guó)地汽車業(yè)受控于四大公司。
14.There are three areas in Britain which have been some high-tech industrial growth: the area between London and South Wales, the Cambridge area and East Anglia and the area between Glasgow and Edinburgh in Scotland.
英國(guó)高科技工業(yè)發(fā)展較好的地區(qū)有三個(gè)：倫敦和南威爾士之間的地區(qū)、東英吉利的劍橋地區(qū)以及蘇格蘭的哥拉斯哥和愛(ài)丁堡之間的地區(qū)。
15.The British were pioneers in modern agriculture and were among the first to bring science and machinery to farming. In British only 3% of the population are farmers but they manage 70% of the land and managed like an industrial business.
英國(guó)是現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)先驅(qū)，他們領(lǐng)先在農(nóng)業(yè)中引進(jìn)科學(xué)和機(jī)械。英國(guó)只有3%的農(nóng)業(yè)人口，但他們卻管理70%的土地。
16.There are mainly six farming types in Britain. They are arable farming, dairy farming, stock farming, mixed farming, hill farming and market gardening.
英國(guó)主要有六種農(nóng)作業(yè)類型：耕地業(yè)、乳品業(yè)、家畜業(yè)、混合農(nóng)業(yè)、山地畜牧業(yè)和市場(chǎng)果蔬業(yè)。
17.Arable farming emphasizes crop production and occurs on the more fertile soils. The chief crops are wheat, barely, oats, sugar beer and potatoes. During farming rears cattle primarily for milk production. Western regions with moderate rainfull, mild winters and cool summers are often important dairy areas.
耕地業(yè)重點(diǎn)是農(nóng)作物生產(chǎn)，所需較肥沃的土壤，主要農(nóng)作物有小麥，大麥，燕麥，甜菜和土豆。乳品業(yè)飼養(yǎng)的牛主要供生產(chǎn)牛奶。因此，降雨量適中，冬天溫和，夏天涼爽的西部地區(qū)是重要的奶制業(yè)地區(qū)。
18.Stock farming rears livestock primarily for meat . Market gardening is the growing of vegetable and fruit which can be rapidly transported to market while fresh.
家畜業(yè)飼養(yǎng)家畜主要是提供肉食。市場(chǎng)果蔬業(yè)種植蔬菜和水果，在新鮮時(shí)就快捷的運(yùn)輸?shù)绞袌?chǎng)出售。
108.Britain is the fifth largest trading nation in the world. Napoleon called it a nation of shopkeepers and it has remained one even after the end of empire and the loss of its political and economic hegemony.
英國(guó)是世界第五大貿(mào)易國(guó)，拿破侖稱之為店主之國(guó)，即使英國(guó)瓦解，失去經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治霸權(quán)地位之后，還是一直保持貿(mào)易強(qiáng)國(guó)身份。
