【中考英語】語法基礎-1
【中考英語】語法基礎-1
介詞是一種用來表示詞與詞, 詞與句之間的關系的詞。在句中不能單獨作句字成分。介詞后面一般有名詞代詞或相當于名詞的其他詞類，短語或從句作它的賓語。介詞和它的賓語構成介詞詞組，在句中作主語, 狀語，表語，補語或介詞賓語。例如:
Most of the students went to the classroom.
大部分學生去了教室。
We play basketball on the sports ground.
我們在操場上打藍球。
介詞常與動詞,形容詞,名詞一起構成固定搭配。
belong to 屬于 rely on 依靠
talk to 同...談話 be afraid of 害怕
be strict with對...嚴格
介詞一般放在名詞之前。但它后面的介詞賓語是疑問代詞,疑問副詞或者關系代詞時，這些詞提到了前面而只剩下介詞在后了。
Where do you come from?
你是哪兒人?
Who are you talking to?
你在跟誰談話呢?
What do you study for?
你為了什么而學習?
介詞在英語詞匯中所占比例很小，但它們的用法卻非常靈活,復雜。下列為常用介詞及含義:
about 關于,附近,大約,周圍,隨身.
I have bought a book about Shakespearean.
我買了一本有關莎士比亞的書。
There are about fifteen trees in the picture.
圖片里大約有十五棵樹。
above 在....上,高出,以上,超過,在...上游.
The plane is flying above the clouds.
飛機在云上飛行。
I think the man is above sixty years old.
我想那人有六十多歲了。
across 橫過,對面,交叉,在...的對面.
Can you swim across the river？
你能游過河嗎？
We live across the street.
我們住在街的對面。
after 在...后面,依照.
He went home after school.
他放學后就回家了。
Read after me, please.
請跟我朗讀。
against 撞到，靠著,反對,違背,
The car hit against the tree.
汽車撞了樹。
He is standing against the wall.
他靠墻站著。
along 沿著,順著.
They are walking along the river.
他們沿著河行走。
among 在...當中.
He is the tallest among them.
他是他們當中個子最高的。
around 在...的周圍,在...那一邊.
They sat around the table talking the news.
他們繞桌而坐談論資訊。
There is a drugstore around the corner.
拐角處有一家藥店。
as 作為.
He doesn't like people treat him as a child.
他不喜歡人們把他當小孩子對待。
at 在...時刻,在...點鐘,在...歲時, 向，在...之中，按...速度,值(賣)...錢,
He always gets up at six in the morning.
他時常早上六點鐘起床。
He shot at the bird but missed it.
他向鳥射擊，但是沒射中。
The car goes at eighty miles an hour.
汽車以每小時八十公里的速度行駛。
before 在...的前面(位置),在...之前(時間)
?e took a picture before the car.
他在汽車前照了張照片。
He can't finish his work before supper.
晚飯前他完不成工作。
behind 在...的后面(位置), 落后于，不如，
遲于,晚于(時間)
Are there any brooms behind the door.
門后有掃帚嗎？
All of us are behind him in mathematics.
我們數學都不如他。
below 在...之下,低于,
There are four lights below the ceiling.
天花板下面有四盞燈。
The murderer run away below the police's eyes.
殺人犯從警察眼皮底下跑了。
beside 在...的旁邊,在...之外,與...相比.
He found the body by the river.
他在河邊發現了尸體。
Beside yours， my computer is too slow.
與你的計算機速度相比，我的就慢多了。
besides 除...之外,
We are all here besides Bowe.
除鮑外，我們也都來了。
between 在...兩者之間,
The relations between the two countries has improved since then.
兩國的關系從那以后得到了改善。
beyond 在...那邊,
The shop you are looking for is beyond the street, you can't miss it.
你要找的商店在街的那邊，你不會找不到的。
but 除去.
He has nothing but money.
他除錢以外什么都沒有。
by 被..., 在...的近旁 , 在...之前, 不遲于, 以...為手段。
The classroom was cleaned by the students.
教室由學生們打掃干凈了。
Miss Lucy came to China by air.
露西小姐是乘飛機來中國的。
down 沿著...望下。
She walked down the street.
她沿著街道走。
during 在...期間,在...時候。
During the holiday, we went to the south.
我們假期去了南方。
except 除...之外。
He knows nothing except English.
他除英語以外什么都不知道。
for 為..., 因為..., 至于... 。
