中考復(fù)習(xí)策略11

　　 三、 常見習(xí)慣用語

　　 ?

　　 (一) 知識概要 ?

　　 由于英語國家的語言習(xí)慣與中國的語言習(xí)慣有許多不同之處,所以造成了許多同學(xué)在做選擇或書寫,或與人交談中造成誤用中國方式來對英語的問句作解答。例如一個小女孩十分好看,可愛,外國人見到時會講: You are so beautiful? 這時的答語應(yīng)該是 Thank you? 如果外國人發(fā)現(xiàn)你的英語不錯,他們會講: Your English is very good? 這時中國人常常會說:不,我說的不好。這純是一種禮貌的答語,但是不符合英語習(xí)慣。它正確的答語應(yīng)是 Thank you? 雖然交際英語有一些規(guī)律可講,但更重要的是學(xué)習(xí)外國的生活習(xí)慣,了解他們的文化背景,歷史淵源,這樣才能真正的學(xué)好一門外語。??

　　 (二) 正誤辨析 ?

　　 [誤] - What can I do for you??

　　 - Yes, please help me? ?

　　 [正] - What can I do for you??

　　 - I'd like to buy a sweater? ?

　　 [析] What can I do for you? 這一問語實際上用于的情景很多,要根據(jù)具體情況而定。如在商店中售貨員講這句話應(yīng)譯為:您想要點什么?在其他場合也可以被譯為:我能為您做些什么?它的答語應(yīng)是直接講出想讓對方提供的幫助。?

　　 [誤] - Which colour do you like??

　　 - Sorry, I don't like? ?

　　 [正] - Which colour do you like??

　　 - I prefer blue? ?

　　 [析] 由 which 來提問的問句是要回答具體的選擇,而不能泛指,泛泛的回答。如 Yes, I like it??

　　 [誤] Do you like to come with us tonight? ?

　　 [正] Would you like to come with us tonight? ?

　　 [析] Do you like 問的是對方的習(xí)慣,如: Do you like swimming? Do you like collecting stamps? 而 would you like 則是一次性的邀請、提議。邀請的英語表達(dá)法還有如下幾種:?

　　 Shall we go? 我們走吧!?

　　 Let's go? 讓我們走吧!?

　　 How about having a cup of tea? 喝杯茶如何??

　　 What about a cup of coffee? 喝杯咖啡如何??

　　 Why not buy it? 為什么不買呢??

　　 其肯定答語一般為Certainly, Yes, O.K. All right, With pleasure??

　　 [誤] Sorry, I've kept you waiting??

　　 Not at all? ?

　　 [正] Sorry, I've kept you waiting??

　　 Never mind? ?

　　 [析] 介意不介意這一問法與答語在中英文中有所不同。如:?

　　 - Do you mind my smoking here??- _________ ?

　　 A. Yes, do it please??

　　 B. No, of course not??

　　 C. Yes, take it please??

　　 D. No, you can't take it??

　　 這時正確的選擇應(yīng)是B。 其意為:不介意,當(dāng)然不。而A選項則自相矛盾了,它應(yīng)譯為:是的我介意,請抽吧。而D選項是:不介意,你不能抽。當(dāng)向?qū)Ψ綘幥笠庖姇r,可以有以下問法:

　　 Do you mind if I open the door??

　　 Would you mind mailing the letter for me??

　　 其答語如果是同意應(yīng)為: Certainly not, not at all?

　　 而不同意時應(yīng)為 Yes, 或 I'm sorry??

　　 [誤] What's that man??

　　 He is Mike? ?

　　 [正] What's that man??

　　 He is a teacher? ?

　　 [正] Who's that man??

　　 He is Mike? (He is Mike's father?) ?

　　 [析] 由 what 提問是問的職業(yè),由 who 提問問的是姓名或身份。?

　　 [誤] - How much are they??

　　 - Half a kilo, please? ?

　　 [正] - How many bananas do you want??

　　 - Half a kilo? Please? ?

　　 [析] How much are they? 問的是價格而不是實際物品的多少。?

　　 [誤] I'm sorry, but is this the way to the park? ?

　　 [正] Excuse me, but is this the way to the park? ?

　　 [析] I'm sorry 是對已經(jīng)做錯了的事向?qū)Ψ降狼笗r的開始語。而 Excuse me? 是在打擾對方之前表達(dá)歉意的話。?

　　 [誤] - Have a good time tonight!?

　　 - You are the same? ?

　　 [正] - Have a good time tonight!?

　　 - The same to you? ?

　　 [析] The same to you 是表達(dá)我也祝您有個愉快的夜晚,它是美語中的習(xí)慣用法。?

　　 [誤] - What's the problem??

　　 - I've got a headache? ?

　　 [正] What's wrong with you??

　　 I've got a headache? ?

　　 [析] What's wrong with you? 是詢問對方身體狀態(tài)如何,而 What's the problem?是問對方遇到了什么麻煩。?

　　 [誤] - Now, I'm back? Can I play??

　　 - Perhaps? You'd better do your homework first? ?

　　 [正] - Now, I'm back? Can I play??

　　 - I'm afraid not? You'd better do your homework first? ?

　　 [析] Perhaps 是表示對一種拿不準(zhǔn)的事態(tài)的推論,如: Am I right? Perhaps?而 I'm afraid not? 則表達(dá)一種不同意的態(tài)度。 be afraid 的幾種用法有:?

　　 I'm afraid that you are right??

　　 其后直接加賓語從句。?

　　 - Will you come to my birthday party??

　　 - I'm afraid not? I have to go to see my father? He is in hospital??

　　 其后+not,表示否定。?

　　 - Sorry, I don't want to go there alone, I'm afraid of the dog??

　　 其后+名詞,表示對某人,某物的害怕。?

　　 Mary is afraid of making mistakes in the exam??

　　 其后+ of + 動名詞,表示害怕做某事。?

　　 Mary is afraid to see the teacher because she didn't do well in the exam??

　　 其后+ 不定式,表示不敢去做某事。?

　　 [誤] - How soon will you be ready??

　　 - Two days? ?

　　 [正] - How soon will you be ready??

　　 - In two days? ?

　　 [析] 此題關(guān)鍵是要根據(jù)情景,身臨其境,要注意的是對方問了什么,就應(yīng)答什么。或答了什么就應(yīng)問什么。 How soon 問的是還有多久才能作完,這時要用 in two days, 即在兩小時之內(nèi)即可以作完。如用 How long 提問,則答語可以用 two days。?

　　 [誤] - Would you mind if I have some time off??

　　 - I don't mind??

　　 - Monday and Tuesday of next week? ?

　　 [正] - Would you mind if I have some time off??

　　 - When exactly??

　　 - Monday and Tuesday of next week? ?

　　 [析] 有的對話是復(fù)雜的,稍有不慎就有可能選錯,而且英語中如選錯了答案是不容易找出錯來的。 I don't mind 是可以用來回答 Would you mind這一提問的,但如仔細(xì)看一看則會發(fā)現(xiàn)我們要選用的不是陳述句而是疑問句。根據(jù)下面一句的答語來判定要用 when exactly? 什么時間,這樣才能與下句中具體的時間相符合。?

　　 [誤] Suppose your name is Tom? The phone rings and you pick it up? The first word you say will probably be Who are you? ?

　　 [正] Suppose your name is Tom? The phone rings and you pick it up? The first word you say will probably be Hello? This is Tom speaking? ?

　　 [析] 在英語學(xué)習(xí)中,習(xí)慣用法實際上在某種情況,或某種意義上講比語法更為重要。如果只從句子的角度上去分析,它們可能都是對的。比如,當(dāng)你拿起電話時,如果你想知道對方是誰,可以問Who's that(speaking)?但不要講Who are you?如果你想先介紹一下自己可以講This is speaking而不要講I'm 也不要講My name is . 就語法而論,Who are you? I'm ?My name is ?并不錯,也是英語中可用的句子,但就打電話這一場合,就不宜用了。?

　　 [誤] - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend??

　　 - I don't hope so? ?

　　 [正] - Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend??

　　 - I hope not? ?

　　 [析] 由于初學(xué)者對實際英語口語中表達(dá)感情意愿的答語不熟悉,如在肯定答語中 I think so? I hope so? I believe so? 是相同的,但在否定句中卻常用 I don't think so? 但I(xiàn) don't believe so? 和 I don't hope so? 則意為:我不信此事和我不希望此事發(fā)生。而 I believe not? 和 I hope not? 則為:我想可能不會發(fā)生吧!?

　　 [誤] - Is anybody there??

　　 - No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave? ?

　　 [正] - Is everybody there??

　　 - No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave? ?

　　 [析] 許多學(xué)生在寫作和選擇答語或問句時總要語法在前,而不是習(xí)慣用語在先。所以總是要拘泥疑問句中的不定代詞,用 anybody。 但是Is anybody there? 在英語中為:這里有人嗎?而Is everybody there?為:全都到齊了嗎?所以首先要考慮的是其答語。 No, Bob and Tom have asked for leave??

　　 [誤] - Your handwriting is very good!?

　　 - No, my handwriting is very poor? ?

　　 [正] - Your handwriting is very good!?

　　 - Thank you? ?

　　 [析] 中國人遇到別人稱贊,總是以謙遜為美德。但英美人則往往認(rèn)為自信是美德。所以當(dāng)別人夸獎你或贊美你時,就應(yīng)說: Thank you? 又比如中國人見面時常講 Where are you going? 或 Have you had your breakfast yet?而英美人則認(rèn)為你過多的干預(yù)別人的私生活了。而他們見面時往往問一些無關(guān)緊要的話,如: Hello! How are you going? (你過得怎樣) Morning! 等。而 good morning? 和 How do you do? 則被認(rèn)為是較正規(guī)的問候語,在日常生活中則十分少見。?

　　 [誤] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say: Excuse me? I'll go first? ?

　　 [正] When you have had dinner with an American friend and want to leave you may say: Excuse me? I have to go? ?

　　 [析] 這兩句答語都是正確的,其關(guān)鍵不是語法,而是習(xí)慣問題。如果在這樣的場合你講 I'll go first? 朋友們會迷惑不解,而 I have to go? 則表示由于外界的特殊原因而造成的你要離去,而你本人則十分不愿做此事。?

　　 [誤] - Would you like to come to dinner tonight??

　　 - I'd like to, and I'm too busy? ?

　　 [正] - Would you like to come to dinner tonight??

　　 - I'd like to, but I'm too busy? ?

　　 [析] I'm too busy? 與 I'd like to? 在意義上正好相反。所以要用轉(zhuǎn)折連詞。這里考查了對詞義合乎邏輯的表達(dá)能力。所以要強調(diào)語言環(huán)境,更要強調(diào)在語言的基礎(chǔ)上的詞語辨析。?

　　 [誤] - Where's Deter??

　　 - Deter will come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet? ?

　　 [正] - Where's Deter??

　　 - Deter may come with us tonight but he isn't very sure yet? ?

　　 [析] 由于 but 所引出的句子可以看出 Deter 的來與不來是十分不確定的,所以應(yīng)用 may 來表達(dá)一個不肯定的事件。?

　　 [誤] - Hi, haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!?

　　 - Great? You look well too? ?

　　 [正] - Hi, haven't seen you for ages! You look fine!?

　　 - Thanks? You look well too? ?

　　 [析] 要注意的是 Great 在口語中多表示驚嘆,而 Thanks 則表示感謝對方的稱贊。?所以對情景談話要有準(zhǔn)確的判定,要根據(jù)情景,身臨其境,上下對照,周密思考,弄清場合,注意英美人的風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣,注重語義上的詞語辨析,并要進(jìn)行大量的語言實踐練習(xí),擴(kuò)大實際交際能力。??

　　 (三) 例題解析 ?

　　 1? - Would you like to have some rice??

　　 - _________ .?

　　 A? Yes, I like B? Yes, please C? of course D? Yes, I have

　　 ?

　　 [答案] B.?

　　 [析] 當(dāng)對方對你發(fā)出邀請的問語時,如果你想接受則講 Yes, please? 如不想接受則用No, thanks??

　　 2? - Nice to see you?

　　 ?- _________ .?

　　 A? Good morning B? Happy to meet you, too ?

　　 C? Nice to see you, too D? Pleased to meet you, too

　　 ?

　　 [答案] C.?

　　 [析] 雖然A、B、D三個選項都可以作為某種問候語的答語,但英語中問候語的答語多用重復(fù)對方的話,以表達(dá)同樣的心情。?

　　 3? - Would you please give me some water??

　　 - _________ .?

　　 A? Yes, I would B? Certainly C? No, thanks D? Yes, please

　　 ?

　　 [答案] B.?

　　 [析] 當(dāng)對方發(fā)出十分禮貌的請求幫助的問語時,一般的回答是肯定的。而Yes, please? 為是的,您請做某事吧。這一含意顯然不對。?

　　 4? - Thank you very much for helping me??

　　 - _________ .?

　　 A? You're welcome B? It doesn't matter

　　 C? No need D? Don't say that

　　 ?

　　 [答案] A.?

　　 [析] You're welcome 譯為中文為:不用謝。而 It doesn't matter 則為:沒關(guān)系。?

　　 5? - Hello, Lucy? How are you??

　　 - _________ And you??

　　 A? Fine, thanks B? Yes, I am

　　 C? Glad to meet you D? Good afternoon

　　 ?

　　 [答案] A.?

　　 [析] 在正常交往中一定要避免所問非所答。所以對 How are you? 的答語應(yīng)為很好,謝謝!?

　　 6? - Help yourself to some meat??

　　 - _________ ?

　　 A? It sounds nice. B? Yes, please. ?

　　 C? Yes, Let's help each other. D? Thank you.

　　 ?

　　 [答案] D.?

　　 [析] Help yourself to some meat. 你自己拿些肉吃吧。其意為主人勸客人不要客氣,像在家里一樣。?

　　 7? - Oh, I am not feeling well? I've got a cold??

　　 - _________ ?

　　 A? Fine, How are you? B? Never mind? Take care ?

　　 C? Well, I 'm sure to get weel soon. D? I'm sorry to hear that?

　　 ?

　　 [答案] D.?

　　 [析] 這是美國、英國的習(xí)慣用語,而B、 C則是中國人常講的答語。?

　　 8? - Meimei you speak English very well??

　　 - _________ .?

　　 A? No, I don't think so B? Thank you very much?

　　 C? Not good enough D? That's all right

　　 ?

　　 [答案] B.?

　　 9? - Kate, could you answer the telephone, please??

　　 - _________ , Mum? I'll get it.?

　　 A? Yes, I could B? No, thanks ?

　　 C? O?K? D? Yes, but I have no time

　　 ?

　　 [答案] C.?

　　 [析] 要注意 could 用于口語中是為了講話的口氣委婉,但它不是過去時態(tài),也不是助動詞,而應(yīng)看作情態(tài)動詞。所以在答語中則不應(yīng)這樣用。?

　　 10? - Could you look after Polly for me while we're away??

　　 - _________ ?

　　 A? No, thanks. B? With pleasure. ?

　　 C? I'm not afraid. D? I'm sure you will.

　　 ?

　　 [答案] B.?

　　 [析] With pleasure? 是英語中的一句十分客氣的答語,用在當(dāng)對方因你的幫助或你的許諾向你道謝時,表達(dá)自己十分樂意為對方效力的口氣。?

　　 11? - Hello! Could I speak to the headmaster, please??

　　 - _________ ?

　　 A? Hold on, please. B? That's the headmaster, please. ?

　　 C? Who are you ? please. D? Sorry? I'm not the headmaster.

　　 ?

　　 [答案] A.?