高中英語語法-常見的詞性錯誤正誤例析
常見的詞性錯誤正誤例析
英語中有些單詞的詞形或詞義相近,但詞性不同,在寫英文句子時,要謹(jǐn)防用錯這些詞。
一、詞形相近,詞性不同錯誤。如:
1. ( 1 )湯姆會聽從你的忠告。
誤: Tom will take your advise.
正: Tom will take your advice.
( 2 )她勸我戒煙。
誤: She adviced me to give up smoking.
正: She advised me to give up smoking.
析: advice 是名詞,advise 是動詞。
2. ( 1 )過度的工作已影響到他的健康。
誤: Overwork has effected his health.
正: Overwork has affected his health.
( 2 )這種藥對他的病有速效。
誤: This medicine has an immediate affect on his illness.
正: This medicine has an immediate effect on his illness.
析: affect 是動詞,意為影響;感動;effect 既可作動詞用,又可作名詞用。effect 用作動詞時,意為招致;實現(xiàn);達到(目的等);用作名詞時意為結(jié)果;效果;作用;影響;(在視聽方面給人留下的)印象。
3. 人們應(yīng)該做深呼吸,充分獲得每一次呼吸的好處。
誤: One should breath deeply and get the full benefit of every breathe.
正: One should breathe deeply and get the full benefit of every breath.
析: breath 和 breathe 都表示呼吸,但前者是名詞,后者是動詞。
4. 保齡球是室內(nèi)游戲。
誤: Bowling is an indoors game.
正: Bowling is an indoor game.
析: indoor 是形容詞,而 indoors 是副詞。有類似用法的詞還有 outdoor 與 outdoors .
5. 你可能是對的。
誤: You maybe right.
正: You may be right.
析: maybe 是副詞,意為或許;可能。 may be 是動詞形式。
6. 其他的女孩們在哪兒呢?
誤: Where are the others girls?
正: Where are the other girls?
析: other 是形容詞。 others 常用作代詞。
7. 那所學(xué)校是王先生創(chuàng)立的。
誤: That school was found by Mr Wang.
正: That school was founded by Mr Wang.
析: found 作為 find 的過去式和過去分詞時,意為發(fā)現(xiàn);而作為動詞原形時意為創(chuàng)立,其過去式及過去分詞都為 founded.
8. 那兩個姐妹長得相像。
誤: The two sisters look like.
正: The two sisters look alike.
析: alike 可用作形容詞或副詞, like 可用作多種詞性,但 look alike 意為長得相像,而 look like 意為看起來像是。
二、詞義相近,詞性不同錯誤。如:
9. ( 1 )他穿過了馬路。
誤: He acrossed the road.
正: He crossed the road.
( 2 )他步行穿過馬路。
誤: He walked cross the road.
正: He walked across the road.
析: cross 可以用作名詞、動詞或形容詞,而 across 只可用作介詞或副詞。
10. ( 1 )她考試及格了。
誤: She past her examination.
正: She passed her examination.
( 2 )在過去的幾年里,我們家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
誤: In the pass few years, great changes have taken place in our hometown.
正: In the past few years, great changes have taken place in our hometown.
析: passed 是動詞 pass 的過去式及過去分詞;而 past 可作介詞、名詞或形容詞,不可單獨作謂語。
11. 我的妹妹怕蛇。
誤: My sister afraids snakes.
正: My sister fears snakes.
析: afraid 是形容詞,通常用 be afraid of 的形式接賓語。 fear 既是動詞,又是名詞。 fear 用作動詞時,可直接接賓語;用作名詞時,通常用 in fear of 的形式。
12. ( 1 )他獨自走著。
誤: He walked lonely.
正: He walked alone.
( 2 )老人常容易感到寂寞。
誤: The aged feel alone very often.
正: The aged feel lonely very often.
析: lonely 是形容詞,意為孤獨的;寂寞的;偏僻的,側(cè)重于感情色彩。而 alone 既可作形容詞,也可作副詞用。作形容詞時意為獨自的,并無孤單之意。
13. 他現(xiàn)在沒有吸煙。
誤: He is no smoking now.
正: He is not smoking now.
析: no 意為毫無;并非,且常用作形容詞以修飾名詞或動名詞。 not 為副詞,一般與助動詞連用,否定謂語動詞。當(dāng)名詞前有 a , all , any , both , enough , every , much , the 等修飾時須用 not .如:
He has no money.
他沒有錢。
No talking is allowed during the lesson.
上課時不許說話。
We were not at home that night.
我們那天晚上不在家。
Not all of us like this dog.
我們并不全都喜歡這只狗。
They have not enough food.
他們沒有足夠的食物。
14. 他的演講很好。
誤: His speech is well.
正: His speech is good.
正: He spoke well.
析: well 和 good 都可表示好,但前者是副詞,后者是形容詞。當(dāng)然, well 也可作形容詞用,意為健康的。如:
I hope he is well.
我希望他身體健康。
15. ( 1 )你怎么能那樣說話?
誤: How can you talk as that?
正: How can you talk like that?
( 2 )他和我年齡一樣大。
誤: He is the same age like I.
正: He is the same age as I.
析: as 作介詞用時,意為作為;用作連詞時,意為和;像。 like 作介詞用時,意為像。如:
He is famous as a singer.
作為一名歌唱家,他很有名。
He was dressed as (if he were) a woman.
他打扮得像個婦女。
She sings like a bird.
她唱起歌來像只小鳥。
河北孫學(xué)芳
常見的詞性錯誤正誤例析
英語中有些單詞的詞形或詞義相近,但詞性不同,在寫英文句子時,要謹(jǐn)防用錯這些詞。
一、詞形相近,詞性不同錯誤。如:
1. ( 1 )湯姆會聽從你的忠告。
誤: Tom will take your advise.
正: Tom will take your advice.
( 2 )她勸我戒煙。
誤: She adviced me to give up smoking.
正: She advised me to give up smoking.
析: advice 是名詞,advise 是動詞。
2. ( 1 )過度的工作已影響到他的健康。
誤: Overwork has effected his health.
正: Overwork has affected his health.
( 2 )這種藥對他的病有速效。
誤: This medicine has an immediate affect on his illness.
正: This medicine has an immediate effect on his illness.
析: affect 是動詞,意為影響;感動;effect 既可作動詞用,又可作名詞用。effect 用作動詞時,意為招致;實現(xiàn);達到(目的等);用作名詞時意為結(jié)果;效果;作用;影響;(在視聽方面給人留下的)印象。
3. 人們應(yīng)該做深呼吸,充分獲得每一次呼吸的好處。
誤: One should breath deeply and get the full benefit of every breathe.
正: One should breathe deeply and get the full benefit of every breath.
析: breath 和 breathe 都表示呼吸,但前者是名詞,后者是動詞。
4. 保齡球是室內(nèi)游戲。
誤: Bowling is an indoors game.
正: Bowling is an indoor game.
析: indoor 是形容詞,而 indoors 是副詞。有類似用法的詞還有 outdoor 與 outdoors .
5. 你可能是對的。
誤: You maybe right.
正: You may be right.
析: maybe 是副詞,意為或許;可能。 may be 是動詞形式。
6. 其他的女孩們在哪兒呢?
誤: Where are the others girls?
正: Where are the other girls?
析: other 是形容詞。 others 常用作代詞。
7. 那所學(xué)校是王先生創(chuàng)立的。
誤: That school was found by Mr Wang.
正: That school was founded by Mr Wang.
析: found 作為 find 的過去式和過去分詞時,意為發(fā)現(xiàn);而作為動詞原形時意為創(chuàng)立,其過去式及過去分詞都為 founded.
8. 那兩個姐妹長得相像。
誤: The two sisters look like.
正: The two sisters look alike.
析: alike 可用作形容詞或副詞, like 可用作多種詞性,但 look alike 意為長得相像,而 look like 意為看起來像是。
二、詞義相近,詞性不同錯誤。如:
9. ( 1 )他穿過了馬路。
誤: He acrossed the road.
正: He crossed the road.
( 2 )他步行穿過馬路。
誤: He walked cross the road.
正: He walked across the road.
析: cross 可以用作名詞、動詞或形容詞,而 across 只可用作介詞或副詞。
10. ( 1 )她考試及格了。
誤: She past her examination.
正: She passed her examination.
( 2 )在過去的幾年里,我們家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。
誤: In the pass few years, great changes have taken place in our hometown.
正: In the past few years, great changes have taken place in our hometown.
析: passed 是動詞 pass 的過去式及過去分詞;而 past 可作介詞、名詞或形容詞,不可單獨作謂語。
11. 我的妹妹怕蛇。
誤: My sister afraids snakes.
正: My sister fears snakes.
析: afraid 是形容詞,通常用 be afraid of 的形式接賓語。 fear 既是動詞,又是名詞。 fear 用作動詞時,可直接接賓語;用作名詞時,通常用 in fear of 的形式。
12. ( 1 )他獨自走著。
誤: He walked lonely.
正: He walked alone.
( 2 )老人常容易感到寂寞。
誤: The aged feel alone very often.
正: The aged feel lonely very often.
析: lonely 是形容詞,意為孤獨的;寂寞的;偏僻的,側(cè)重于感情色彩。而 alone 既可作形容詞,也可作副詞用。作形容詞時意為獨自的,并無孤單之意。
13. 他現(xiàn)在沒有吸煙。
誤: He is no smoking now.
正: He is not smoking now.
析: no 意為毫無;并非,且常用作形容詞以修飾名詞或動名詞。 not 為副詞,一般與助動詞連用,否定謂語動詞。當(dāng)名詞前有 a , all , any , both , enough , every , much , the 等修飾時須用 not .如:
He has no money.
他沒有錢。
No talking is allowed during the lesson.
上課時不許說話。
We were not at home that night.
我們那天晚上不在家。
Not all of us like this dog.
我們并不全都喜歡這只狗。
They have not enough food.
他們沒有足夠的食物。
14. 他的演講很好。
誤: His speech is well.
正: His speech is good.
正: He spoke well.
析: well 和 good 都可表示好,但前者是副詞,后者是形容詞。當(dāng)然, well 也可作形容詞用,意為健康的。如:
I hope he is well.
我希望他身體健康。
15. ( 1 )你怎么能那樣說話?
誤: How can you talk as that?
正: How can you talk like that?
( 2 )他和我年齡一樣大。
誤: He is the same age like I.
正: He is the same age as I.
析: as 作介詞用時,意為作為;用作連詞時,意為和;像。 like 作介詞用時,意為像。如:
He is famous as a singer.
作為一名歌唱家,他很有名。
He was dressed as (if he were) a woman.
他打扮得像個婦女。
She sings like a bird.
她唱起歌來像只小鳥。
河北孫學(xué)芳