高中英語語法-現在進行時變被動語態應注意到的一些問題
現在進行時變被動語態應注意到的一些問題
現在進行時由主動語態變被動語態是第9單元的重要語法內容。現在進行時由主動語態變被動語態時應注意以下一些問題：
一、也像其它時態由主動語態變被動語態一樣，首先弄清楚用現在進行時的句子中哪些可以由主動語態變為被動語態。我們知道，在簡單句的五個基本句型中，有三個基本句型（S＋V＋O，S＋V＋InO＋DO，S＋V＋ O ＋OC）可以由主動語態變為被動語態；有兩個基本句型（S＋V，S＋V＋P）不能由主動語態變為被動語態。所以，當這三個基本句型（S＋V＋O，S＋V＋InO＋DO，S＋V＋O＋ OC）的謂語動詞用了現在進行時時才有可能由主動語態變為被動語態。例如：
They are studying the milu deer at the research centre．（S＋V＋O）
The milu deer are being studied at the research centre．
She is teaching the boy a lesson．（S＋V＋ InO ＋DO）
The boy is being taught a lesson．
Now he is making the girl laugh．（S＋V＋O＋OC）
Now the girl is being made to laugh．
還應注意到一些動詞很少用于被動語態，因此這些動詞在句子謂語用了現在進行時時也常沒有被動語態。如：We are having supper now．一般不能變為Supper is being had now．。
二、及物動詞現在進行時由主動語態變被動語態時有三種句式：①主語（第一人稱單數I）＋am being ＋過去分詞＋其他成分；②主語（第二人稱單、復數you，第一人稱復數 we和第三人稱復數they等）＋are being ＋過去分詞＋其他成分；③主語（第三人稱單數 he，she，it等）＋is being ＋過去分詞＋其他成分。所以，當句子謂語動詞用了現在進行時由主動語態變被動語態時謂語動詞要由原來作賓語變為主語時的名（代）詞的數來決定，從上面三種句式中選擇合適的一種句式。例如：
They are collecting money for the broadband project．
Money is being collected for the broad-band project．
They are not protecting some animals well enough．
Some animals are not being protected well enough．
三、當變為主語的原來的賓語（名／代詞）有較長的動詞不定式短語（復合結構）、介詞短語、從句修飾或有補足語時，動詞不定式短語、介詞短語、從句和補足語等，一般都仍然保留在原來的位置上。例如：
They are revising the laws to protect the rights of women and children．
The laws are being revised to protect the rights of women and children．
They are writing a report about the negative effects of cell phones in school．
A report is being written about the negative effects of cell phones in school．
Scientists are keeping a sick milu deer alive at the centre．
A sick milu deer is being kept alive at the centre（by scientists）．
四、如果用在現在進行時的句子中的謂語動詞是動詞短語或習慣用語，那么這個動詞短語或習語只把動詞變為被動語態，其他部分保持不變。例如：
The parents are taking good care of their test-tube baby．
Their test-tube baby is being taken good care of（by the parents）．
五、當用了現在進行時的句子結構是S＋V＋In O＋DO句型時，既可以把間接賓語變為被動句的主語，也可以把直接賓語變為被動句的主語，但如果是后者，可根據動詞的習慣用法，把間接賓語改寫為to或for引起的介詞短語。例如：
George is sending his friend's phone texts and pictures．
His friend's phone is being sent texts and pictures（by George）．
Texts and pictures are being sent to his friend's phone（by George）．
She is making Toma new coat．
Tom is being made a new coat．
A new coat is being made for Tom．
六、用了現在進行時的句子由主動語態變為被動語態后，原來充當主語的名／代詞（特別是人稱代詞）在一般情況下可以省略掉，如果有必要強調時可用by表示，常放在句子后面。例如：
They are adding new functions to the phones．
New functions are being added to the phones（by them）．
Scientists are studying the life of the milu deer at present．
The life of the milu deer is being studied at present by scientists．
七、當用了現在進行時的句子由主動語態變為被動語態后，其否定式的構成主要把 not放在謂語動詞中第一個助動詞（am ，are或is）后面構成，而疑問式的構成則是把句子謂語動詞的第一個助動詞（am，are或is）移到句子前（第一個字母要大寫），然后在句子后面加上問號而成。例如：
New nature parks are being started in China．
New nature parks are not being started in China．（否定式）
Milu deer are being sent to China from Britain．
Are milu deer being sent to China from Britain？（疑問式）
如果是特殊疑問句還要在這個助詞前面加上適當疑問詞。例如：
Why is money being collected？
現在進行時變被動語態應注意到的一些問題
現在進行時由主動語態變被動語態是第9單元的重要語法內容。現在進行時由主動語態變被動語態時應注意以下一些問題：
一、也像其它時態由主動語態變被動語態一樣，首先弄清楚用現在進行時的句子中哪些可以由主動語態變為被動語態。我們知道，在簡單句的五個基本句型中，有三個基本句型（S＋V＋O，S＋V＋InO＋DO，S＋V＋ O ＋OC）可以由主動語態變為被動語態；有兩個基本句型（S＋V，S＋V＋P）不能由主動語態變為被動語態。所以，當這三個基本句型（S＋V＋O，S＋V＋InO＋DO，S＋V＋O＋ OC）的謂語動詞用了現在進行時時才有可能由主動語態變為被動語態。例如：
They are studying the milu deer at the research centre．（S＋V＋O）
The milu deer are being studied at the research centre．
She is teaching the boy a lesson．（S＋V＋ InO ＋DO）
The boy is being taught a lesson．
Now he is making the girl laugh．（S＋V＋O＋OC）
Now the girl is being made to laugh．
還應注意到一些動詞很少用于被動語態，因此這些動詞在句子謂語用了現在進行時時也常沒有被動語態。如：We are having supper now．一般不能變為Supper is being had now．。
二、及物動詞現在進行時由主動語態變被動語態時有三種句式：①主語（第一人稱單數I）＋am being ＋過去分詞＋其他成分；②主語（第二人稱單、復數you，第一人稱復數 we和第三人稱復數they等）＋are being ＋過去分詞＋其他成分；③主語（第三人稱單數 he，she，it等）＋is being ＋過去分詞＋其他成分。所以，當句子謂語動詞用了現在進行時由主動語態變被動語態時謂語動詞要由原來作賓語變為主語時的名（代）詞的數來決定，從上面三種句式中選擇合適的一種句式。例如：
They are collecting money for the broadband project．
Money is being collected for the broad-band project．
They are not protecting some animals well enough．
Some animals are not being protected well enough．
三、當變為主語的原來的賓語（名／代詞）有較長的動詞不定式短語（復合結構）、介詞短語、從句修飾或有補足語時，動詞不定式短語、介詞短語、從句和補足語等，一般都仍然保留在原來的位置上。例如：
They are revising the laws to protect the rights of women and children．
The laws are being revised to protect the rights of women and children．
They are writing a report about the negative effects of cell phones in school．
A report is being written about the negative effects of cell phones in school．
Scientists are keeping a sick milu deer alive at the centre．
A sick milu deer is being kept alive at the centre（by scientists）．
四、如果用在現在進行時的句子中的謂語動詞是動詞短語或習慣用語，那么這個動詞短語或習語只把動詞變為被動語態，其他部分保持不變。例如：
The parents are taking good care of their test-tube baby．
Their test-tube baby is being taken good care of（by the parents）．
五、當用了現在進行時的句子結構是S＋V＋In O＋DO句型時，既可以把間接賓語變為被動句的主語，也可以把直接賓語變為被動句的主語，但如果是后者，可根據動詞的習慣用法，把間接賓語改寫為to或for引起的介詞短語。例如：
George is sending his friend's phone texts and pictures．
His friend's phone is being sent texts and pictures（by George）．
Texts and pictures are being sent to his friend's phone（by George）．
She is making Toma new coat．
Tom is being made a new coat．
A new coat is being made for Tom．
六、用了現在進行時的句子由主動語態變為被動語態后，原來充當主語的名／代詞（特別是人稱代詞）在一般情況下可以省略掉，如果有必要強調時可用by表示，常放在句子后面。例如：
They are adding new functions to the phones．
New functions are being added to the phones（by them）．
Scientists are studying the life of the milu deer at present．
The life of the milu deer is being studied at present by scientists．
七、當用了現在進行時的句子由主動語態變為被動語態后，其否定式的構成主要把 not放在謂語動詞中第一個助動詞（am ，are或is）后面構成，而疑問式的構成則是把句子謂語動詞的第一個助動詞（am，are或is）移到句子前（第一個字母要大寫），然后在句子后面加上問號而成。例如：
New nature parks are being started in China．
New nature parks are not being started in China．（否定式）
Milu deer are being sent to China from Britain．
Are milu deer being sent to China from Britain？（疑問式）
如果是特殊疑問句還要在這個助詞前面加上適當疑問詞。例如：
Why is money being collected？
