高中語法復習主謂一致1

　　 在英語句子里,謂語受主語支配,其動詞必須和主語在人稱和數上保持一致,這就叫主謂一致。尋其規律,大致可歸納為三個原則,即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。

　　 (一)語法一致原則:語法上一致就是謂語動詞和主語在單、復數形式上保持一致。

　　 1、以單數名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數形式;主語為復數時,謂語動詞用復數形式。如:His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

　　 注意:由what引導的主語從句,后面的謂語動詞多數情況用單數形式,但若表語是復數或what從句是一個帶有復數意義的并列結構時,主句的謂語動詞用復數形式。如:What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.

　　 2、由連接詞and或both and連接起來的合成主語后面,要用復數形式的謂語動詞。如:Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.

　　 注意:① 若and所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時,它后面的謂語動詞就應用單數形式。如:The writer and artist has come.; / ② 由and連接的并列單數主語前如果分別有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修飾時,其謂語動詞要用單數形式。如:Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it.

　　 3、主語為單數名詞或代詞,盡管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語,謂語動詞仍用單數形式;若主語為復數,謂語用復數形式。如:Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.

　　 4、either, neither, each, every 或no +單數名詞和由some, any, no, every構成的復合不定代詞,都作單數看待。如:Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.

　　 注意:① 在口語中當either或neither后跟有of+復數名詞(或代詞)作主語時,其謂語動詞也可用復數。如:Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. ② 若none of后面的名詞是不可數名詞,它的謂語動詞就要用單數;若它后面的名詞是復數,它的謂語動詞用單數或復數都可以。如:None of us has (have) been to America.

　　 5、在定語從句時,關系代詞that, who, which等作主語時,其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。如:He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

　　 6、如果集體名詞指的是整個集體,它的謂語動詞用單數;如果它指集體的成員,其謂語動詞就用復數形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如:Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.

　　 注意:people, police, cattle等名詞一般都用作復數。如:The police are looking for the lost child.

　　 7、由a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名詞構成的短語以及由分數或百分數+名詞構成的短語作主語,其謂語動詞的數要根據短語中后面名詞的數而定。如:There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.

　　 注意: a number of許多,作定語修飾復數名詞,謂語用復數;the number of的數量,主語是number,謂語用單數。

　　 8、在倒裝句中,謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致。如:There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.

　　 (二)邏輯意義一致原則:邏輯意義一致就是謂語動詞的數必須和主語的意義一致(因有時主語形式為單數,但意義為復數;有時形式為復數,但意義為單數)。

　　 1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代詞可以是單數,也可是復數,主要靠意思來決定。如:Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.

　　 2、表示時間、重量、長度、價值等的名詞的復數作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數形式, 這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個整體,如:Thirty minutes is enough for the work.

　　 3、若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的復數形式,其謂語動詞通常用單數形式。如: The Arabian Nightsis an interesting story-book.

　　 4、表數量的短語one and a half后接復數名詞作主語時,其謂語動詞可用單數形式(也可用復數。如:One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.

　　 5、算式中表示數目(字)的主語通常作單數看待,其謂語動詞采用單數形式。如:Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.

　　 6、一些學科名詞是以 -ics 結尾,如:mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等,都屬于形式上是復數的名詞,實際意義為單數名詞,它們作主語時,其謂語動詞要用單數形式。如:The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn't easy to study.

　　 7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等詞作主語時,謂語用復數,但如果這些名詞前有a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時,謂語動詞用單數。如:My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.

　　 8、定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞,表示某一類人時,動詞用復數。

　　 (三)就近一致原則:在英語句子中,有時謂語動詞的人稱和數與最近的主語保持一致。

　　 1、當兩個主語由either or, neither nor, whether or , not only but also連接時,謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致。如:Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right?

　　 2、there be句型be動詞單復數取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個主語,則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致。如:There are two chairs and a desk in the room..

　　高中語法復習主謂一致1

　　 在英語句子里,謂語受主語支配,其動詞必須和主語在人稱和數上保持一致,這就叫主謂一致。尋其規律,大致可歸納為三個原則,即語法一致、邏輯意義一致和就近一致原則。

　　 (一)語法一致原則:語法上一致就是謂語動詞和主語在單、復數形式上保持一致。

　　 1、以單數名詞或代詞、動詞不定式短語、動名詞短語或從句作主語時,謂語動詞一般用單數形式;主語為復數時,謂語動詞用復數形式。如:His father is working on the farm. / To study English well is not easy. / What he said is very important for us all. / The children were in the classroom two hours ago. / Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.

　　 注意:由what引導的主語從句,后面的謂語動詞多數情況用單數形式,但若表語是復數或what從句是一個帶有復數意義的并列結構時,主句的謂語動詞用復數形式。如:What I bought were three English books. / What I say and do is (are) helpful to you.

　　 2、由連接詞and或both and連接起來的合成主語后面,要用復數形式的謂語動詞。如:Lucy and Lily are twins. / She and I are classmates. / The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news. / Both she and he are Young Pioneers.

　　 注意:① 若and所連接的兩個詞是指同一個人或物時,它后面的謂語動詞就應用單數形式。如:The writer and artist has come.; / ② 由and連接的并列單數主語前如果分別有no, each, every more than a (an) , many a (an)修飾時,其謂語動詞要用單數形式。如:Every student and every teacher was in the room.. / No boy and no girl likes it.

　　 3、主語為單數名詞或代詞,盡管后面跟有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than, no less than, besides, including等引起的短語,謂語動詞仍用單數形式;若主語為復數,謂語用復數形式。如:Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China. / Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground. / She, like you and Tom, is very tall.

　　 4、either, neither, each, every 或no +單數名詞和由some, any, no, every構成的復合不定代詞,都作單數看待。如:Each of us has a new book. / Everything around us is matter.

　　 注意:① 在口語中當either或neither后跟有of+復數名詞(或代詞)作主語時,其謂語動詞也可用復數。如:Neither of the texts is (are) interesting. ② 若none of后面的名詞是不可數名詞,它的謂語動詞就要用單數;若它后面的名詞是復數,它的謂語動詞用單數或復數都可以。如:None of us has (have) been to America.

　　 5、在定語從句時,關系代詞that, who, which等作主語時,其謂語動詞的數應與句中先行詞的數一致。如:He is one of my friends who are working hard. / He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.

　　 6、如果集體名詞指的是整個集體,它的謂語動詞用單數;如果它指集體的成員,其謂語動詞就用復數形式。這些詞有family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience等。如:Class Four is on the third floor. / Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.

　　 注意:people, police, cattle等名詞一般都用作復數。如:The police are looking for the lost child.

　　 7、由a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of + 名詞構成的短語以及由分數或百分數+名詞構成的短語作主語,其謂語動詞的數要根據短語中后面名詞的數而定。如:There are a lot of people in the classroom. / The rest of the lecture is wonderful. / 50% of the students in our class are girls.

　　 注意: a number of許多,作定語修飾復數名詞,謂語用復數;the number of的數量,主語是number,謂語用單數。

　　 8、在倒裝句中,謂語動詞的數應與其后的主語一致。如:There comes the bus./ On the wall are many pictures. / Such is the result. / Such are the facts.

　　 (二)邏輯意義一致原則:邏輯意義一致就是謂語動詞的數必須和主語的意義一致(因有時主語形式為單數,但意義為復數;有時形式為復數,但意義為單數)。

　　 1、what, who, which, any, more, all等代詞可以是單數,也可是復數,主要靠意思來決定。如:Which is your bag? / Which are your bags? / All is going well. / All have gone to Beijing.

　　 2、表示時間、重量、長度、價值等的名詞的復數作主語時,謂語動詞通常用單數形式, 這是由于作主語的名詞在概念上是一個整體,如:Thirty minutes is enough for the work.

　　 3、若英語是書名、片名、格言、劇名、報名、國名等的復數形式,其謂語動詞通常用單數形式。如: The Arabian Nightsis an interesting story-book.

　　 4、表數量的短語one and a half后接復數名詞作主語時,其謂語動詞可用單數形式(也可用復數。如:One and a half apples is (are) left on the table.

　　 5、算式中表示數目(字)的主語通常作單數看待,其謂語動詞采用單數形式。如:Twelve plus eight is twenty. / Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.

　　 6、一些學科名詞是以 -ics 結尾,如:mathematics, politics, physics 以及news, works等,都屬于形式上是復數的名詞,實際意義為單數名詞,它們作主語時,其謂語動詞要用單數形式。如:The paper works was built in 1990. / I think physics isn't easy to study.

　　 7、trousers, glasses, clothes, shoes, 等詞作主語時,謂語用復數,但如果這些名詞前有a (the) pair of等量詞修飾時,謂語動詞用單數。如:My glasses are broken. / The pair of shoes under the bed is his.

　　 8、定冠詞the + 形容詞或分詞,表示某一類人時,動詞用復數。

　　 (三)就近一致原則:在英語句子中,有時謂語動詞的人稱和數與最近的主語保持一致。

　　 1、當兩個主語由either or, neither nor, whether or , not only but also連接時,謂語動詞和鄰近的主語一致。如:Either the teacher or the students are our friends. / Neither they nor he is wholly right. / Is neither he nor they wholly right?

　　 2、there be句型be動詞單復數取決于其后的主語。如果其后是由and連接的兩個主語,則應與靠近的那個主語保持一致。如:There are two chairs and a desk in the room..