高考英語總復習語法專項 主謂一致
高考英語總復習語法專項 主謂一致
2009-03-18 11:40 來源：互聯網 作者：佚名 [打印] [評論]
概 述
主謂一致是指句子的主語和謂語在人稱和數上必須保持一致。主謂一致一般遵循三個原則：語法一致(或叫形式一致)，意義一致或就近一致
①.語法一致: 主謂在語法形式上一致, 即主語是單數形式, 謂語用單數, 主語是復數形式, 謂語用復數
②.意義一致: 根據主語的內在涵義的單復數確定謂語的單復數
③.就近一致: 一個句子中有兩個或兩個以上的主語, 謂語和靠近它的那個主語保持人稱和數的一致
分 述
1.當主語是不定代詞somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, everything, nothing, something, anything等時, 謂語動詞用第三人稱單數
a. Somebody is waiting for you outside.
b. Nobody knows the answer.
有些不定代詞作主語時, 據意義確定謂語動詞的單復數. 若不定代詞所指為單數意義, 謂語用單數; 若不定代詞所指為復數意義, 謂語用復數. 這類詞有: all, some, any, more, most, half等
a. All are happy to hear the news.
b. All that has to be done has been done.
c. Most of the surface of the earth is covered by water.
d. Half of the wood has been carried away.
2.集體名詞如: family, class, army, enemy, government, group, team等作主語時, 如果將其看作一個整體, 則謂語動詞用單數, 若看成其中的成員(個體), 則謂語動詞用復數
a. My family is a happy one. / All my family are music lovers.
b. Our class is the best in our school. / The whole class are having a discussion about the problem.
集體名詞people, cattle, police, youth等作主語時, 謂語動詞常用復數
a. The police are looking for the thief.
b. Cattle are not allowed to graze here.
3.代詞none和neither作主語時, 謂語動詞根據說話人的意思用單數或復數. 當說話人著眼于 任何一個都不時, 謂語動詞用單數; 當說話人著眼于 全都不時, 謂語動詞用復數
a. None of them has a car. ( 他們沒有一個人有汽車 )
b. None of them have a car. ( 他們都沒有汽車 )
c. None of them knows the answer. ( 他們兩個誰也不知道答案 )
d. None of them know the answer. ( 他們兩個都不知道答案 )
4.bothand連接兩個主語時, 謂語動詞通常用復數. eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut連接兩個主語時, 采取 就近原則, 即謂語動詞和靠近它的那個主語保持一致
a. Both Tom and Jerry were late for school that day.
b. Either you or he has dropped waste paper in the street.
c. Neither he nor I have forgotten for pay for the drinks.
5.在There be和Here be結構中, 句子的主語在be之后, 如果主語不止一個, 那么謂語動詞be與鄰近的主語一致
a. There is a desk, a table, three chairs in the room.
b. There are three chairs, a desk and a table in the room.
c. Here are two letters and a magazine for you.
6.如果主語后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, including, like, rather than, no less than, in addition to(除外)等引導的短語時, 謂語動詞的形式只與主語有關, 而與其后的短語無關
a. The teacher with three students was in the classroom then.
b. This book, as well as the other two books, is borrowed from our school library.
c. None but Jim and Mike knows my secret.
d. Seven people, including a policeman, were killed.
7.表示時間, 長度, 距離, 金額, 價值, 重量, 容量等的復數名詞作主語時, 通常作整體看待, 即表示總量或總和, 謂語動詞用單數. 若把它們看作一個個的個體, 即強調其具體數量時, 謂語動詞用復數形式
a. Twenty years is a long time to us.
b. Two hundred miles is not a long distance.
c. Ten thousand US dollars is a lot of money.
d. There are ten minutes left.
8.在四則運算中, 謂語動詞用單復數均可, 但單數形式更為多用
a. Two and ten is / are twelve.
b. Three times five is / are fifteen.
9.動名詞或動詞不定式作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數
a. Smoking / To smoke is a bad habit.
b. Carving animal bones is not an easy job.
10.主語從句作主語時, 謂語動詞通常用單數. 但若主語從句所指的具體內容為復數意義時, 謂語動詞用復數
a. What we need is more time.
b. What we need are more doctors.
11.以-s結尾的專有名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞通常用單數, 這類專有名詞如: General Motors(通用汽車公司), the United Nations(聯合國), the United States, the New York Times(紐約時報)等.
a. The New York Times is published daily.
b. The Arabian Nights is a popular reading among the young people.
表示群島, 山脈, 瀑布的專有名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞通常用復數, 如:the Andes(安第斯山脈), the Alps(阿爾卑斯山脈), the West Indies(西印度群島), the Niagara Falls(尼加拉大瀑布)
12.有些形式為復數, 而意義為單數的名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數. 這類名詞如: news, works(工廠), politics(政治), physics(物理), mathematics(數學)等
13.以-s或-es結尾, 由對稱的兩部分構成的物體作主語時, 謂語動詞用復數. 這類物體如: trousers, glasses, jeans(牛仔褲), scissors(剪刀), shades(太陽鏡)等. 如果這類名詞前用了pair, 則謂語動詞的數取決于pair的數
a. Here is a pair of glasses for you.
b. There are three pairs of jeans in the bag.
14. 分數或百分數 + of + 名詞 作主語時, 謂語動詞視名詞的可數與否采用單數或復數
a. Over three quarters of the city was destroyed in the war.
b. 35 percent of the doctors are women.
c. Thirty percent of the workers are out of work now.
d. One third of the water has been wasted.
15.用and連接兩個或兩個以上的單數名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞用復數. 如果and連接的兩個名詞指的是同一人、事、物或概念( 如: a knife and fork一副刀叉, the bread and butter奶油面包, my house and home我的家)時, 則謂語動詞用單數
a. Many books and a pen are on the desk.
b. The pianist and composer (鋼琴家兼作曲家) has come to this small town.
16. the + adj.表示一類人或事物作主語時, 謂語動詞用復數. the +adj.若表示抽象概念或品質, 則謂語用單數
a. The old in the city are taken good care of.
b. The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.美給我們以快樂
17.more than one和 many a + 單數名詞 作主語時, 謂語用單數
a. Many a student has won the prize.很多學生獲了獎
b. More than one person has made the same mistake.不止一人犯了同樣的錯誤。
18.every A and every B, each A and each B, no A and no B, many a A and many a B等詞組作主語時, 謂語用單數
a. No man and woman has joined the party.
19.主語中有pair, glass等量詞時, 謂語動詞的數要與這些量詞保持一致
a. Three pairs of shoes are under the bed.
14. 分數或百分數 + of + 名詞 作主語時, 謂語動詞視名詞的可數與否采用單數或復數
a. Over three quarters of the city was destroyed in the war.
b. 35 percent of the doctors are women.
c. Thirty percent of the workers are out of work now.
d. One third of the water has been wasted.
15.用and連接兩個或兩個以上的單數名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞用復數. 如果and連接的兩個名詞指的是同一人、事、物或概念( 如: a knife and fork一副刀叉, the bread and butter奶油面包, my house and home我的家)時, 則謂語動詞用單數
a. Many books and a pen are on the desk.
b. The pianist and composer (鋼琴家兼作曲家) has come to this small town.
16. the + adj.表示一類人或事物作主語時, 謂語動詞用復數. the +adj.若表示抽象概念或品質, 則謂語用單數
a. The old in the city are taken good care of.
b. The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.美給我們以快樂
17.more than one和 many a + 單數名詞 作主語時, 謂語用單數
a. Many a student has won the prize.很多學生獲了獎
b. More than one person has made the same mistake.不止一人犯了同樣的錯誤。
18.every A and every B, each A and each B, no A and no B, many a A and many a B等詞組作主語時, 謂語用單數
a. No man and woman has joined the party.
19.主語中有pair, glass等量詞時, 謂語動詞的數要與這些量詞保持一致
a. Three pairs of shoes are under the bed
高考英語總復習語法專項 主謂一致
2009-03-18 11:40 來源：互聯網 作者：佚名 [打印] [評論]
概 述
主謂一致是指句子的主語和謂語在人稱和數上必須保持一致。主謂一致一般遵循三個原則：語法一致(或叫形式一致)，意義一致或就近一致
①.語法一致: 主謂在語法形式上一致, 即主語是單數形式, 謂語用單數, 主語是復數形式, 謂語用復數
②.意義一致: 根據主語的內在涵義的單復數確定謂語的單復數
③.就近一致: 一個句子中有兩個或兩個以上的主語, 謂語和靠近它的那個主語保持人稱和數的一致
分 述
1.當主語是不定代詞somebody, anybody, nobody, everybody, everything, nothing, something, anything等時, 謂語動詞用第三人稱單數
a. Somebody is waiting for you outside.
b. Nobody knows the answer.
有些不定代詞作主語時, 據意義確定謂語動詞的單復數. 若不定代詞所指為單數意義, 謂語用單數; 若不定代詞所指為復數意義, 謂語用復數. 這類詞有: all, some, any, more, most, half等
a. All are happy to hear the news.
b. All that has to be done has been done.
c. Most of the surface of the earth is covered by water.
d. Half of the wood has been carried away.
2.集體名詞如: family, class, army, enemy, government, group, team等作主語時, 如果將其看作一個整體, 則謂語動詞用單數, 若看成其中的成員(個體), 則謂語動詞用復數
a. My family is a happy one. / All my family are music lovers.
b. Our class is the best in our school. / The whole class are having a discussion about the problem.
集體名詞people, cattle, police, youth等作主語時, 謂語動詞常用復數
a. The police are looking for the thief.
b. Cattle are not allowed to graze here.
3.代詞none和neither作主語時, 謂語動詞根據說話人的意思用單數或復數. 當說話人著眼于 任何一個都不時, 謂語動詞用單數; 當說話人著眼于 全都不時, 謂語動詞用復數
a. None of them has a car. ( 他們沒有一個人有汽車 )
b. None of them have a car. ( 他們都沒有汽車 )
c. None of them knows the answer. ( 他們兩個誰也不知道答案 )
d. None of them know the answer. ( 他們兩個都不知道答案 )
4.bothand連接兩個主語時, 謂語動詞通常用復數. eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut連接兩個主語時, 采取 就近原則, 即謂語動詞和靠近它的那個主語保持一致
a. Both Tom and Jerry were late for school that day.
b. Either you or he has dropped waste paper in the street.
c. Neither he nor I have forgotten for pay for the drinks.
5.在There be和Here be結構中, 句子的主語在be之后, 如果主語不止一個, 那么謂語動詞be與鄰近的主語一致
a. There is a desk, a table, three chairs in the room.
b. There are three chairs, a desk and a table in the room.
c. Here are two letters and a magazine for you.
6.如果主語后面跟有with, together with, along with, as well as, but, except, besides, including, like, rather than, no less than, in addition to(除外)等引導的短語時, 謂語動詞的形式只與主語有關, 而與其后的短語無關
a. The teacher with three students was in the classroom then.
b. This book, as well as the other two books, is borrowed from our school library.
c. None but Jim and Mike knows my secret.
d. Seven people, including a policeman, were killed.
7.表示時間, 長度, 距離, 金額, 價值, 重量, 容量等的復數名詞作主語時, 通常作整體看待, 即表示總量或總和, 謂語動詞用單數. 若把它們看作一個個的個體, 即強調其具體數量時, 謂語動詞用復數形式
a. Twenty years is a long time to us.
b. Two hundred miles is not a long distance.
c. Ten thousand US dollars is a lot of money.
d. There are ten minutes left.
8.在四則運算中, 謂語動詞用單復數均可, 但單數形式更為多用
a. Two and ten is / are twelve.
b. Three times five is / are fifteen.
9.動名詞或動詞不定式作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數
a. Smoking / To smoke is a bad habit.
b. Carving animal bones is not an easy job.
10.主語從句作主語時, 謂語動詞通常用單數. 但若主語從句所指的具體內容為復數意義時, 謂語動詞用復數
a. What we need is more time.
b. What we need are more doctors.
11.以-s結尾的專有名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞通常用單數, 這類專有名詞如: General Motors(通用汽車公司), the United Nations(聯合國), the United States, the New York Times(紐約時報)等.
a. The New York Times is published daily.
b. The Arabian Nights is a popular reading among the young people.
表示群島, 山脈, 瀑布的專有名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞通常用復數, 如:the Andes(安第斯山脈), the Alps(阿爾卑斯山脈), the West Indies(西印度群島), the Niagara Falls(尼加拉大瀑布)
12.有些形式為復數, 而意義為單數的名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞用單數. 這類名詞如: news, works(工廠), politics(政治), physics(物理), mathematics(數學)等
13.以-s或-es結尾, 由對稱的兩部分構成的物體作主語時, 謂語動詞用復數. 這類物體如: trousers, glasses, jeans(牛仔褲), scissors(剪刀), shades(太陽鏡)等. 如果這類名詞前用了pair, 則謂語動詞的數取決于pair的數
a. Here is a pair of glasses for you.
b. There are three pairs of jeans in the bag.
14. 分數或百分數 + of + 名詞 作主語時, 謂語動詞視名詞的可數與否采用單數或復數
a. Over three quarters of the city was destroyed in the war.
b. 35 percent of the doctors are women.
c. Thirty percent of the workers are out of work now.
d. One third of the water has been wasted.
15.用and連接兩個或兩個以上的單數名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞用復數. 如果and連接的兩個名詞指的是同一人、事、物或概念( 如: a knife and fork一副刀叉, the bread and butter奶油面包, my house and home我的家)時, 則謂語動詞用單數
a. Many books and a pen are on the desk.
b. The pianist and composer (鋼琴家兼作曲家) has come to this small town.
16. the + adj.表示一類人或事物作主語時, 謂語動詞用復數. the +adj.若表示抽象概念或品質, 則謂語用單數
a. The old in the city are taken good care of.
b. The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.美給我們以快樂
17.more than one和 many a + 單數名詞 作主語時, 謂語用單數
a. Many a student has won the prize.很多學生獲了獎
b. More than one person has made the same mistake.不止一人犯了同樣的錯誤。
18.every A and every B, each A and each B, no A and no B, many a A and many a B等詞組作主語時, 謂語用單數
a. No man and woman has joined the party.
19.主語中有pair, glass等量詞時, 謂語動詞的數要與這些量詞保持一致
a. Three pairs of shoes are under the bed.
14. 分數或百分數 + of + 名詞 作主語時, 謂語動詞視名詞的可數與否采用單數或復數
a. Over three quarters of the city was destroyed in the war.
b. 35 percent of the doctors are women.
c. Thirty percent of the workers are out of work now.
d. One third of the water has been wasted.
15.用and連接兩個或兩個以上的單數名詞作主語時, 謂語動詞用復數. 如果and連接的兩個名詞指的是同一人、事、物或概念( 如: a knife and fork一副刀叉, the bread and butter奶油面包, my house and home我的家)時, 則謂語動詞用單數
a. Many books and a pen are on the desk.
b. The pianist and composer (鋼琴家兼作曲家) has come to this small town.
16. the + adj.表示一類人或事物作主語時, 謂語動詞用復數. the +adj.若表示抽象概念或品質, 則謂語用單數
a. The old in the city are taken good care of.
b. The beautiful gives pleasure to all of us.美給我們以快樂
17.more than one和 many a + 單數名詞 作主語時, 謂語用單數
a. Many a student has won the prize.很多學生獲了獎
b. More than one person has made the same mistake.不止一人犯了同樣的錯誤。
18.every A and every B, each A and each B, no A and no B, many a A and many a B等詞組作主語時, 謂語用單數
a. No man and woman has joined the party.
19.主語中有pair, glass等量詞時, 謂語動詞的數要與這些量詞保持一致
a. Three pairs of shoes are under the bed
