高考的書(shū)面表達(dá)怎樣運(yùn)用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)和高級(jí)詞匯
高考書(shū)面表達(dá)怎樣運(yùn)用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)和高級(jí)詞匯
近幾年的高考《考試說(shuō)明》中,關(guān)于高考英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第五檔中有這樣一段話:應(yīng)用了較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯;語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些許錯(cuò)誤,但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯所致。這就是說(shuō),學(xué)生僅運(yùn)用基礎(chǔ)的詞匯和基本的句型,不能體現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力,即使表達(dá)無(wú)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,也不能得高分;相反有些錯(cuò)誤,目的在有意識(shí)地使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯,也不扣分,仍屬于最高檔次。高考把寫(xiě)作要求提到了這樣一個(gè)高度,有利于反映學(xué)生的水平層次,有利于指導(dǎo)教學(xué)。原來(lái)要點(diǎn)完整,語(yǔ)言無(wú)誤,行文連貫,表達(dá)清楚的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就落后了。
在平時(shí)的教學(xué)中,訓(xùn)練最多的,學(xué)生們也最習(xí)慣的是五種基本句型:①主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ);②主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ);③主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ);④主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ);⑤主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。用這些句型組織的句子單一、無(wú)生氣,不能給人一種含金量高的審美享受。客觀形勢(shì)對(duì)我們提出了高難度的要求,我們?cè)鯓硬拍軐?duì)書(shū)面表達(dá)進(jìn)行科學(xué)的操作?怎樣才能控制寫(xiě)作呢?本文擬就這一課題進(jìn)行討論,希望能給學(xué)生以啟迪,調(diào)動(dòng)積極性,開(kāi)拓思維,培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新精神。
首先,在整篇文章中,避免只使用一兩個(gè)句型,要靈活運(yùn)用各種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),使文章有聲有色。
一、改變時(shí)態(tài)
例:The bell is ringing now.
There goes the bell!
二、改變語(yǔ)態(tài)
例:People suggest that the conference be put off.
It is suggested that the conference be put off.
三、使用不定式
例:He is so kind that he can help me.
He is so kind as to help me.
四、使用過(guò)去分詞
例:①She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.
Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.
②Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
五、使用V-ing形式
例:①When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.
On arriving/his arrival, please give me an e-mail.
②If the weather permits, Ill come tomorrow.
Ill come tomorrow, weather permitting.
六、使用名詞性從句
例:①I(mǎi)t disappointed everybody that he didnt turn up.
The fact that he didnt turn up disappointed everybody.
②I happened to have met him.
It happened that I had met him.
③To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.
What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.
七、使用定語(yǔ)從句
例:The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.
The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.
八、使用狀語(yǔ)從句
例:①I(mǎi) wont believe what he says.
No matter what he says, I wont believe.
②If you come back before six oclock, you can go out.
You can go out on condition that you come back before six oclock.
③If she doesnt agree, what shall we do?
Supposing that she doesnt agree, what shall we do?
高考書(shū)面表達(dá)怎樣運(yùn)用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)和高級(jí)詞匯
近幾年的高考《考試說(shuō)明》中,關(guān)于高考英語(yǔ)書(shū)面表達(dá)評(píng)分標(biāo)準(zhǔn)第五檔中有這樣一段話:應(yīng)用了較多的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和詞匯;語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)或詞匯方面有些許錯(cuò)誤,但為盡力使用較復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯所致。這就是說(shuō),學(xué)生僅運(yùn)用基礎(chǔ)的詞匯和基本的句型,不能體現(xiàn)出較強(qiáng)的語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用能力,即使表達(dá)無(wú)語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤,也不能得高分;相反有些錯(cuò)誤,目的在有意識(shí)地使用復(fù)雜結(jié)構(gòu)或較高級(jí)詞匯,也不扣分,仍屬于最高檔次。高考把寫(xiě)作要求提到了這樣一個(gè)高度,有利于反映學(xué)生的水平層次,有利于指導(dǎo)教學(xué)。原來(lái)要點(diǎn)完整,語(yǔ)言無(wú)誤,行文連貫,表達(dá)清楚的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)就落后了。
在平時(shí)的教學(xué)中,訓(xùn)練最多的,學(xué)生們也最習(xí)慣的是五種基本句型:①主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ);②主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ);③主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ);④主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ);⑤主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。用這些句型組織的句子單一、無(wú)生氣,不能給人一種含金量高的審美享受。客觀形勢(shì)對(duì)我們提出了高難度的要求,我們?cè)鯓硬拍軐?duì)書(shū)面表達(dá)進(jìn)行科學(xué)的操作?怎樣才能控制寫(xiě)作呢?本文擬就這一課題進(jìn)行討論,希望能給學(xué)生以啟迪,調(diào)動(dòng)積極性,開(kāi)拓思維,培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新精神。
首先,在整篇文章中,避免只使用一兩個(gè)句型,要靈活運(yùn)用各種語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu),使文章有聲有色。
一、改變時(shí)態(tài)
例:The bell is ringing now.
There goes the bell!
二、改變語(yǔ)態(tài)
例:People suggest that the conference be put off.
It is suggested that the conference be put off.
三、使用不定式
例:He is so kind that he can help me.
He is so kind as to help me.
四、使用過(guò)去分詞
例:①She walked out of the lab and many students followed her.
Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab.
②Once it is seen, it can never be forgotten.
Once seen, it can never be forgotten.
五、使用V-ing形式
例:①When he arrives, please give me an e-mail.
On arriving/his arrival, please give me an e-mail.
②If the weather permits, Ill come tomorrow.
Ill come tomorrow, weather permitting.
六、使用名詞性從句
例:①I(mǎi)t disappointed everybody that he didnt turn up.
The fact that he didnt turn up disappointed everybody.
②I happened to have met him.
It happened that I had met him.
③To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.
What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things.
七、使用定語(yǔ)從句
例:The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.
The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of.
八、使用狀語(yǔ)從句
例:①I(mǎi) wont believe what he says.
No matter what he says, I wont believe.
②If you come back before six oclock, you can go out.
You can go out on condition that you come back before six oclock.
③If she doesnt agree, what shall we do?
Supposing that she doesnt agree, what shall we do?
