英語講義【164】怎樣使句子流暢易解
有寫作經驗的人都知道，一篇好的文章條件甚多，其中主要的有四點：
一、內容豐富；二、段落嚴密；三、句子流暢；四、詞匯貼切。
這里只談句子流暢易解問題。
第一，避免一連串的名詞。
當名詞一個接一個地連用，互相修飾、互相依賴時，句子的結構容易模糊不清。例子（1）看起來吃力、講出來費氣、聽起來難解，最好透過介詞或動詞來化解。
（1） Government income tax reform scheme.
（2） The Government scheme for income tax reforms. / Income tax reform scheme by the government. / The scheme to reform the governments income tax.
第二，避免一連串的介詞詞組。
一個介詞組緊接著另一個介詞詞組一口氣排列下去，聽起來費解，看起來傷神。例如（3）和（4）都含有太多介詞詞組，應該分別改為（5）和（6）：
（3） He took the opportunity for a talk on the need for the improvement of the relations between the two superpowers.
（4） We have learnt of the success of the people of the southern regions of New Zealand.
（5） He took the opportunity to talk about the need for improving the relations between the two super powers.
（6） We know how the people in the southern regions of New Zealand succeed.
第三，避免一連串結構相似的句子。
句子結構變化多，一兩個結構相似的句子在一起沒關系，但是一連串處在膠著狀態，就單調乏味，必須避免。例如：三四個并列句（Coordinate Clauses）在一起或幾個簡單句（Simple sentences）排排坐，那是多么沒滋味的句法啊！應該把一兩個并列句變成復雜句（Complex Sentences），也可以用適當的短語將簡單句貫串起來。
第四，必須多用節縮句。
大多數情況下，形容詞從句（例（7））、副詞從句（例（8））以及名詞從句（例（9））都可縮短為短語。
（7） The force which holds the solar system together is called gravitation. The force holding the solar system together is called gravitation.
（8） A medical drug would not be effective if it was kept too long. The medical drug would not be effective if kept too long.
（9） It happened that he was away at that time. He happened to be away at that time.
五、多用對句法
盡量用同類型的句子成份把同等地位的概念排列著，使外表劃一。例如：
（10） Anyone wishing to write effectively must learn to think about points logically, organise ideas coherently, and express thoughts explicitly.
（11） The teacher told a foreign scholar that he should be familiar with the local environment, that he needed to have a room with good lighting, and that he must arrange specific hours for self-study.
有寫作經驗的人都知道，一篇好的文章條件甚多，其中主要的有四點：
一、內容豐富；二、段落嚴密；三、句子流暢；四、詞匯貼切。
這里只談句子流暢易解問題。
第一，避免一連串的名詞。
當名詞一個接一個地連用，互相修飾、互相依賴時，句子的結構容易模糊不清。例子（1）看起來吃力、講出來費氣、聽起來難解，最好透過介詞或動詞來化解。
（1） Government income tax reform scheme.
（2） The Government scheme for income tax reforms. / Income tax reform scheme by the government. / The scheme to reform the governments income tax.
第二，避免一連串的介詞詞組。
一個介詞組緊接著另一個介詞詞組一口氣排列下去，聽起來費解，看起來傷神。例如（3）和（4）都含有太多介詞詞組，應該分別改為（5）和（6）：
（3） He took the opportunity for a talk on the need for the improvement of the relations between the two superpowers.
（4） We have learnt of the success of the people of the southern regions of New Zealand.
（5） He took the opportunity to talk about the need for improving the relations between the two super powers.
（6） We know how the people in the southern regions of New Zealand succeed.
第三，避免一連串結構相似的句子。
句子結構變化多，一兩個結構相似的句子在一起沒關系，但是一連串處在膠著狀態，就單調乏味，必須避免。例如：三四個并列句（Coordinate Clauses）在一起或幾個簡單句（Simple sentences）排排坐，那是多么沒滋味的句法啊！應該把一兩個并列句變成復雜句（Complex Sentences），也可以用適當的短語將簡單句貫串起來。
第四，必須多用節縮句。
大多數情況下，形容詞從句（例（7））、副詞從句（例（8））以及名詞從句（例（9））都可縮短為短語。
（7） The force which holds the solar system together is called gravitation. The force holding the solar system together is called gravitation.
（8） A medical drug would not be effective if it was kept too long. The medical drug would not be effective if kept too long.
（9） It happened that he was away at that time. He happened to be away at that time.
五、多用對句法
盡量用同類型的句子成份把同等地位的概念排列著，使外表劃一。例如：
（10） Anyone wishing to write effectively must learn to think about points logically, organise ideas coherently, and express thoughts explicitly.
（11） The teacher told a foreign scholar that he should be familiar with the local environment, that he needed to have a room with good lighting, and that he must arrange specific hours for self-study.
