基礎英語輕松學【83】法國人的家庭
本課您將學到:prefer A to B, of句型+抽象名詞的常見類型
In France, daily social relations are always dominated(支配、統治) by family ties(紐帶). The family has been the focus of the individual(個體)s loyalty(忠誠、忠心) and affection(影響), of his economic interest, and even of his legal(法律上的) duty. Many an old Frenchman spent his youth(青春時代) in a world where he was expected to regard his cousin, uncle, and grandmother as more important to him than his friends of his own age.
French family needs and demands were put before those of local(當地的) community or even those of the state(國家的): I cant pay my taxes because I have a duty to support my uncle. has been a common French attitude(態度).
The main change since the war is that the focus of loyalty has been steadily(平穩地) narrowed(收縮) from extended family to the nuclear family. Many younger couples today prefer pleasure traveling with couples of friends to reunite(團聚) with big families at weekends or in August.
「讀書筆記」
在法國的日常生活中,家庭紐帶(family ties)主宰著社會關系。家庭不僅是一個人忠誠和情感的中心,(the focus of the individuals loyalty and affection)而且也是經濟利益(of his economic interest)和法律義務的集中點(even of his legal duty)。許多年長的法國人是在這樣一個環境下長大的:別人要求他們把尊老愛幼放在一個重要的位置,(where he was expected to regard his cousin, uncle, and grandmother as more important to him)甚過對待他們同齡的朋友。(than his friends of his own age)
不知大家注意到沒有,這段的最后一句話,把many和a連在一起使用了。這是什么道理呢?
其實,這也是表達很多的一種方式,用法是:many a 后接單數名詞,在句中作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。比如:
Weve been here many a time.
我們這兒已來過多次。
Many a great idea is brought forward in the meeting about the 2008 Olympic games.
在商議2008年奧運會的會議上,新點子層出不窮。
法國人總把家庭的需求(needs and demands)放在社區、甚至國家的前面。(before those of local community or even those of the state)我不能交稅,因為我得養活我叔叔。這種態度在法國早已很普通了。
Support在這里指to provide enough money for someone to pay for all the things they need,也就是養活的意思。比如:
He has a large family to support.
他要撫養一大家人。
戰后以來,(since the war)法國人對家庭的忠誠焦點早已從相對的大家庭而穩步縮小,轉向了小家庭。(that the focus of loyalty has been steadily narrowed from extended family to the nuclear family)如今的許多年輕夫婦寧肯在周末或夏天(at weekends or in August)和朋友去快樂地旅行,也不愿意回父母家中團聚。(prefer pleasure traveling with couples of friends to reunite with big families)
「句型留言板」
prefer A to B...(此句型中的to是介詞,后接名詞、代詞或動名詞)
喜歡A,不喜歡B;寧愿A,不愿B
這是個常見又實用的句型,在初中的課本上,我們就學過了。所以,今天的主要任務是把它的用法加以總結,加深大家的印象,同時,給出類似的用法,使大家的語言形式更豐富些。
1、preferto形式:
使用這個句型,最重要的原則就是前后一致,也就是說,prefer和to后面的部分,不論詞性、形式都要相同。來看看例子:
I prefer fish to meat.我喜歡魚,而不喜歡肉。(prefer名詞to名詞)
I prefer reading to playing.我寧愿讀書,不愿玩耍。(prefer動名詞to動名詞)
2、prefer to do sth. + rather than do sth.(注意:rather than的后面沒有to)
She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind.
她寧愿和我們一道去也不愿留下。
Rather than ride on a crowded bus,he always prefers to ride a bicycle.
與其乘坐擁擠的公共汽車,他倒更愿意總是騎自行車。
特別提示:
以上兩個句型都可以和would rather do sth. than do sth.替換。比如,下面這三句話表達的意思是相同的:
The bus is too crowded;
I prefer walking home to taking the bus.
I prefer to walk home rather than take the bus.
I would rather walk home than take the bus.
公共汽車太擁擠,我寧愿步行回家也不愿乘車。
「語法小教室」
在閱讀中,我們經常會碰到of+抽象名詞的情況,今天,我們就把幾種常見的形式為大家簡單分析一下。
1、of+抽象名詞=形容詞。如:
a women of wealth/wisdom/courage=a wealthy/wise/courageous woman
2、be of+修飾語+抽象名詞。比如:
be of importance/help/use/significance=be important/helpful/useful/significant
這一結構可用于說明主語的性質,比如:
This question is of importance.(=This question is important.)
大家可能會問,為什么不直接用后一種說法呢?那不是更容易理解嗎?其實,像上面這句話,前后兩種說法差別不大,用哪一種都可以。有時候,我們為了強調某種抽象的含義,用這種形式就可以達到很好的效果。比如,我們要表達時間是寶貴的,就可以用be of value取代be valuable,為了加強效果,還可以在value前面加上修飾語great,造個句子:
Each hour, each minute, each second is of great value for us.
每小時、每分鐘、每一秒對我們都很寶貴。
(體會一下,是不是比Each hour, each minute, each second is very valuable for us.效果好些?而且,適當變化句式,也可以使我們的語言更有活力,對嗎?)
特別提示:
常用于這一結構的修飾語還有little ,some ,any, no, not, much,常見的抽象名詞有importance, value, use, help, benefit(利益、好處),significance(意義、重要性)。比如:of no use =useless(無用的)
3、還有一種情況,我們必須使用這種句型,就是of后面的抽象名詞沒有相應的形容詞形式,為了表明主語的這類特征,我們只能用be of+抽象名飼的形式代替be+形容詞結構。這類名詞包括size, weight, height, length, width, age ,opinion ,colour , price, kind, type, shape, way等。比如:
Coins may be of different sizes, weights, and shapes and of different metals.
錢幣從大小、重量、形狀到材質都各不相同。
Her eyes are of a dark gray color.
她的眼睛是深灰色的。
「資料庫」
相信大家在許多關于社會、家庭的文章中,都讀到過這兩個短語,unclear family, extended family,它們是什么意思呢?翻翻資料庫,了解一下吧!
unclear family=a family consisting of mother, father and their children
extended family=all the people in a family including aunts, uncles, grandparents etc.
家庭主要是根據因結婚、生育或領養而形成或產生的關系所確定的。這些關系都由法律和風俗習慣加以規定。其基本關系是通過婚姻而形成的夫婦關系,以及存在于雙親(Parents),即父親(father)和母親(mother)及其子女(children),即兒子(sons)和女兒(daughters)之間的關系。雙親及其子女,有時叫作生物學家庭(biological family)或核心家庭(nuclear family)。擴大家庭(extended family)是更大的家庭單位,通常由數個核心家庭合成。
今天的節目中,我們總結了prefer to句型的用法,給大家介紹了be of+抽象名詞的用法,還了解了關于家庭形式的知識,希望大家有所收獲!
下次再見!
本課您將學到:prefer A to B, of句型+抽象名詞的常見類型
In France, daily social relations are always dominated(支配、統治) by family ties(紐帶). The family has been the focus of the individual(個體)s loyalty(忠誠、忠心) and affection(影響), of his economic interest, and even of his legal(法律上的) duty. Many an old Frenchman spent his youth(青春時代) in a world where he was expected to regard his cousin, uncle, and grandmother as more important to him than his friends of his own age.
French family needs and demands were put before those of local(當地的) community or even those of the state(國家的): I cant pay my taxes because I have a duty to support my uncle. has been a common French attitude(態度).
The main change since the war is that the focus of loyalty has been steadily(平穩地) narrowed(收縮) from extended family to the nuclear family. Many younger couples today prefer pleasure traveling with couples of friends to reunite(團聚) with big families at weekends or in August.
「讀書筆記」
在法國的日常生活中,家庭紐帶(family ties)主宰著社會關系。家庭不僅是一個人忠誠和情感的中心,(the focus of the individuals loyalty and affection)而且也是經濟利益(of his economic interest)和法律義務的集中點(even of his legal duty)。許多年長的法國人是在這樣一個環境下長大的:別人要求他們把尊老愛幼放在一個重要的位置,(where he was expected to regard his cousin, uncle, and grandmother as more important to him)甚過對待他們同齡的朋友。(than his friends of his own age)
不知大家注意到沒有,這段的最后一句話,把many和a連在一起使用了。這是什么道理呢?
其實,這也是表達很多的一種方式,用法是:many a 后接單數名詞,在句中作主語時,謂語動詞用單數形式。比如:
Weve been here many a time.
我們這兒已來過多次。
Many a great idea is brought forward in the meeting about the 2008 Olympic games.
在商議2008年奧運會的會議上,新點子層出不窮。
法國人總把家庭的需求(needs and demands)放在社區、甚至國家的前面。(before those of local community or even those of the state)我不能交稅,因為我得養活我叔叔。這種態度在法國早已很普通了。
Support在這里指to provide enough money for someone to pay for all the things they need,也就是養活的意思。比如:
He has a large family to support.
他要撫養一大家人。
戰后以來,(since the war)法國人對家庭的忠誠焦點早已從相對的大家庭而穩步縮小,轉向了小家庭。(that the focus of loyalty has been steadily narrowed from extended family to the nuclear family)如今的許多年輕夫婦寧肯在周末或夏天(at weekends or in August)和朋友去快樂地旅行,也不愿意回父母家中團聚。(prefer pleasure traveling with couples of friends to reunite with big families)
「句型留言板」
prefer A to B...(此句型中的to是介詞,后接名詞、代詞或動名詞)
喜歡A,不喜歡B;寧愿A,不愿B
這是個常見又實用的句型,在初中的課本上,我們就學過了。所以,今天的主要任務是把它的用法加以總結,加深大家的印象,同時,給出類似的用法,使大家的語言形式更豐富些。
1、preferto形式:
使用這個句型,最重要的原則就是前后一致,也就是說,prefer和to后面的部分,不論詞性、形式都要相同。來看看例子:
I prefer fish to meat.我喜歡魚,而不喜歡肉。(prefer名詞to名詞)
I prefer reading to playing.我寧愿讀書,不愿玩耍。(prefer動名詞to動名詞)
2、prefer to do sth. + rather than do sth.(注意:rather than的后面沒有to)
She preferred to go with us rather than stay behind.
她寧愿和我們一道去也不愿留下。
Rather than ride on a crowded bus,he always prefers to ride a bicycle.
與其乘坐擁擠的公共汽車,他倒更愿意總是騎自行車。
特別提示:
以上兩個句型都可以和would rather do sth. than do sth.替換。比如,下面這三句話表達的意思是相同的:
The bus is too crowded;
I prefer walking home to taking the bus.
I prefer to walk home rather than take the bus.
I would rather walk home than take the bus.
公共汽車太擁擠,我寧愿步行回家也不愿乘車。
「語法小教室」
在閱讀中,我們經常會碰到of+抽象名詞的情況,今天,我們就把幾種常見的形式為大家簡單分析一下。
1、of+抽象名詞=形容詞。如:
a women of wealth/wisdom/courage=a wealthy/wise/courageous woman
2、be of+修飾語+抽象名詞。比如:
be of importance/help/use/significance=be important/helpful/useful/significant
這一結構可用于說明主語的性質,比如:
This question is of importance.(=This question is important.)
大家可能會問,為什么不直接用后一種說法呢?那不是更容易理解嗎?其實,像上面這句話,前后兩種說法差別不大,用哪一種都可以。有時候,我們為了強調某種抽象的含義,用這種形式就可以達到很好的效果。比如,我們要表達時間是寶貴的,就可以用be of value取代be valuable,為了加強效果,還可以在value前面加上修飾語great,造個句子:
Each hour, each minute, each second is of great value for us.
每小時、每分鐘、每一秒對我們都很寶貴。
(體會一下,是不是比Each hour, each minute, each second is very valuable for us.效果好些?而且,適當變化句式,也可以使我們的語言更有活力,對嗎?)
特別提示:
常用于這一結構的修飾語還有little ,some ,any, no, not, much,常見的抽象名詞有importance, value, use, help, benefit(利益、好處),significance(意義、重要性)。比如:of no use =useless(無用的)
3、還有一種情況,我們必須使用這種句型,就是of后面的抽象名詞沒有相應的形容詞形式,為了表明主語的這類特征,我們只能用be of+抽象名飼的形式代替be+形容詞結構。這類名詞包括size, weight, height, length, width, age ,opinion ,colour , price, kind, type, shape, way等。比如:
Coins may be of different sizes, weights, and shapes and of different metals.
錢幣從大小、重量、形狀到材質都各不相同。
Her eyes are of a dark gray color.
她的眼睛是深灰色的。
「資料庫」
相信大家在許多關于社會、家庭的文章中,都讀到過這兩個短語,unclear family, extended family,它們是什么意思呢?翻翻資料庫,了解一下吧!
unclear family=a family consisting of mother, father and their children
extended family=all the people in a family including aunts, uncles, grandparents etc.
家庭主要是根據因結婚、生育或領養而形成或產生的關系所確定的。這些關系都由法律和風俗習慣加以規定。其基本關系是通過婚姻而形成的夫婦關系,以及存在于雙親(Parents),即父親(father)和母親(mother)及其子女(children),即兒子(sons)和女兒(daughters)之間的關系。雙親及其子女,有時叫作生物學家庭(biological family)或核心家庭(nuclear family)。擴大家庭(extended family)是更大的家庭單位,通常由數個核心家庭合成。
今天的節目中,我們總結了prefer to句型的用法,給大家介紹了be of+抽象名詞的用法,還了解了關于家庭形式的知識,希望大家有所收獲!
下次再見!