Germs on Banknotes

　　People in different countries use different types of 1__________ yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use 2__________ currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in common1: Germs on the banknotes.

　　Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over2 100 years. At the turn of the 20th 3__________ , some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease.

　　Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency 4__________ one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop3 and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different 5__________ .

　　Vriesekoop3 is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia4. He led the study, which compared the germ populations found on money 6__________ from 10 nations. The scientists studied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets street vendors and cafes, 7__________ those businesses often rely on cash.

　　Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria ---- no more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the most ---- about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm.

　　What we call paper money usually isnt made from paper. The U. S. dollar, for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly 8__________ .Different countries may use different 9__________ to print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his 10__________ such as the American dollar were made from cotton. Others were made from polymers.

　　The three 11__________ with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. They included the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos.

　　The other currencies were printed on fabric made 12__________ of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests that 13__________ have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand how germs live on money-----and whether or not we need to be concerned. Vnesekoop is now starting a study that will 14__________ the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills.

　　Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the fact remains: Paper money harbors germs We should wash our 15 after touching it; after all l5__________, you never know where your money s been. Or whats living on it

　　練習:

　　1. A coins B money C cheques D loans

　　2. A different B clean C hard D foreign

　　3. A anniversary B year C decade D century

　　4. A along B with C within D outside

　　5. A countries B areas C regions D provinces

　　6. A delivered B borrowed C gathered D designed

　　7. A because B though C when D where

　　8. A plastic B rubber C cotton D paper

　　9. A languages B colors C substances D materials

　　10. A family B team C advisor D boss

　　11. A expenses B banks C statements D currencies

　　12. A nearly B mostly C likely D merely

　　13. A dirt B water C germs D oil

　　14. A compare B connect C conduct D command

　　15. A arms B hands C face D clothes

　　Germs on Banknotes

　　People in different countries use different types of 1__________ yuan in China, pesos in Mexico, pounds in the United Kingdom, dollars in the United States, Australia and New Zealand. They may use 2__________ currencies, but these countries, and probably all countries, still have one thing in common1: Germs on the banknotes.

　　Scientists have been studying the germs on money for well over2 100 years. At the turn of the 20th 3__________ , some researchers began to suspect that germs living on money could spread disease.

　　Most studies of germy money have looked at the germs on the currency 4__________ one country. In a new study, Frank Vriesekoop3 and other researchers compared the germ populations found on bills of different 5__________ .

　　Vriesekoop3 is a microbiologist at the University of Ballarat in Australia4. He led the study, which compared the germ populations found on money 6__________ from 10 nations. The scientists studied 1,280 banknotes in total; all came from places where people buy food, like supermarkets street vendors and cafes, 7__________ those businesses often rely on cash.

　　Overall, the Australian dollars hosted the fewest live bacteria ---- no more than 10 per square centimeter. Chinese yuan had the most ---- about 100 per square centimeter. Most of the germs on money probably would not cause harm.

　　What we call paper money usually isnt made from paper. The U. S. dollar, for example, is printed on fabric that is mostly 8__________ .Different countries may use different 9__________ to print their money. Some of the currencies studied by Vriesekoop and his 10__________ such as the American dollar were made from cotton. Others were made from polymers.

　　The three 11__________ with the lowest numbers of bacteria were all printed on polymers. They included the Australian dollar, the New Zealand dollar and some Mexican pesos.

　　The other currencies were printed on fabric made 12__________ of cotton. Fewer germs lived on the polymer notes. This connection suggests that 13__________ have a harder time staying alive on polymer surfaces. Scientists need to do more studies to understand how germs live on money-----and whether or not we need to be concerned. Vnesekoop is now starting a study that will 14__________ the amounts of time bacteria can stay alive on different types of bills.

　　Whatever Vriesekoop finds, the fact remains: Paper money harbors germs We should wash our 15 after touching it; after all l5__________, you never know where your money s been. Or whats living on it

　　練習:

　　1. A coins B money C cheques D loans

　　2. A different B clean C hard D foreign

　　3. A anniversary B year C decade D century

　　4. A along B with C within D outside

　　5. A countries B areas C regions D provinces

　　6. A delivered B borrowed C gathered D designed

　　7. A because B though C when D where

　　8. A plastic B rubber C cotton D paper

　　9. A languages B colors C substances D materials

　　10. A family B team C advisor D boss

　　11. A expenses B banks C statements D currencies

　　12. A nearly B mostly C likely D merely

　　13. A dirt B water C germs D oil

　　14. A compare B connect C conduct D command

　　15. A arms B hands C face D clothes