Dreams

　　Studies show that in dreams things are seen and heard rather than thought.1 In terms of the senses, visual experience is present in almost all dreams; auditory experience in 40 to 50 percent; and touch, taste, smell, and pain in a relatively small percentage.2 A considerable amount of emotion is commonly present, usually a pure and single emotion such as fear, anger, or joy.3

　　Two clearly distinguishable states of sleep exist. The first state，called NREM-sleep ，occupies most of the sleep period and is associated with a relatively low pulse and blood pressure, and few or no reports of dreaming.4 The second type of sleep, known as REM-sleep occurs cyclically during the sleep period with rapid eye movements and frequent dream reports. Typically, a person has four or five periods of REM-sleep during the night, whether the dreams are remembered often, rarely, or not at all; they occur at intervals of about 90 minutes and altogether make up about 25 percent of the nights sleep . Evidence indicates that a dream period usually lasts from 5 to 20 minutes.5 Sounds and touches working on a dreamer can go into a dream if they occur during a REM-period. Although mental activity may be reported during NREM-sleep，these are usually short pieces of thoughtlike experiences.6

　　Modern dream research has focused on two general interpretations of dream content.7 In one view, dreams have no meaning of their own but are simply a process by which the brain integrates new information into memories. In the other view, dreams contain real meaning symbolized in a picture language distinct from conscious logical thought.8 If dreams express important wishes， fears, concerns, and worries of the dreamer, the study and analysis of dreams can help reveal previously unknown aspects of a persons mental functioningg.

　　詞匯：

　　visual 視力的，視覺的 integrate 使成一體，使結合，使合并

　　auditory 聽的，聽覺的 percentage 百分比，百分率

　　distinguishable 區別得出的，可以辨明的

　　symbolize 作為的象征，象征

　　cyclically 循環地，周期性地 conscious 意識到的，自覺的，感到的

　　interval 間隔，間距，間隙

　　logical 符合邏輯的，有邏輯頭腦的;邏輯上的，邏輯學的

　　interpretation 解釋，說明，闡明

　　previously 以前的，先前的，前的，先的

　　注釋：

　　1.Studies show that in dreams things are seen and heard rather than thought.研究表明，在夢里人 們是在看、在聽而不是在想。 、

　　2.In terms of the senses, visual experience is present in almost all dreams; auditory experience in 40 to 50 percent; and touch, taste, smell, and pain in a relatively small percentage.就感官而 言，在幾乎所有的夢中都有視覺體驗;聽覺體驗占40%?50% ;觸覺、味覺、嗅覺和痛覺所占 比例相對較小。短語in terms of意為從方面，，。

　　3. A considerable amount of emotion is commonly present, usually a pure and single emotion such as fear, anger, or joy.一般有相當程度的情緒表現，通常是一種諸如恐懼、憤怒或歡 喜等純粹和單一的情緒。

　　4.The first state, called NREM-sleep , occupies most of the sleep period and is associated with a relatively low pulse and blood pressure, and few or no reports of dreaming.第一種狀態稱作NREM睡眠，它占睡眠時間的大部 分。這時，人的脈搏相對較慢，血壓相對較低，醒來后也很少或者不說自己做了夢。be associated with意思是與 有聯系。

　　5.Evidence indicates that a dream period usually lasts from 5 to 20 minutes.有證據表明一段夢境 通常延續5?20分鐘。

　　6.Although mental activity may be reported during NREM-sleep, these are usually short pieces of thoughtlike experiences.雖然有一些人或許說在他們NREM睡鹺中有思維活動，但是這種活 動通常是類似思維的斷斷續續的小片段而巳。

　　7.Modern dream research has focused on two general interpretations of dream content.現代對夢的研究在如何對夢的內容做一般解釋方面有兩種集中的看法。

　　8.In the other view, dreams contain real meaning symbolized in a picture language distinct from conscious logical thought.另一種觀點認為，夢是用圖像語言象征真實意義，這種圖像語言和有意識的邏輯思維有所區別。

　　9. the study and analysis of dreams can help reveal previously unknown aspects of a persons mental functioning ：對夢的研究分析有助于揭示以往所未知的人的思維功能的方面

　　練習：

　　1.There are in general two opinions about what we experience in a dream：

　　A one, we see our dreams, and two, we think our dreams.

　　B one, we are happy, and two, we are angry.

　　C one, dreams put new information into our memories, and two, dreams have real meanings in pictures different from our logical thinking.

　　D we have pictures in dreams because one, we have slow eye movements, and two, we have rapid eye movements.

　　2.According to this article, we

　　A often think seriously when we are dreaming.

　　B hardly ever hear music when we are dreaming.

　　C very often feel something tastes good when we are dreaming.

　　D almost always see different pictures when we are dreaming.

　　3.In your dreams, you

　　A very often feel happy and unhappy at the same time.

　　B always feel that you are afraid of somebody.

　　C seldom feel fear now and joy later.

　　D only feel anger.

　　4.This essay tells us that

　　A people usually dream in a NREM sleep.

　　B people usually dream in an REM sleep.

　　C people always remember what they have dreamed in an REM sleep.

　　D people may have an REM sleep all night through.

　　5. Based on what is discussed in this writing，an adult may have at most about of the time of his or her sleep dreaming.

　　A 90%

　　B 50%

　　C 25%

　　D 20%

　　答案與題解：

　　1.C答案根據在文章最后一段的第二句和第三句。

　　2.D答案的根據在文章的第一段，所有的選項也都涉及第一段。見注釋1、2。

　　3.C第一段的最后一句說我們在做夢時所體驗到的情緒往往是純粹和單一的，故C項是正確 選項。A項不可能，B和D項太極端化。見注釋3。

　　4.B答案的根據在文章第二段的第三句。在REM睡眠中，時有做夢的報道。

　　5.C第二段中說一般人睡眠時有四到五個REM階段,這幾個階段約占整個睡眠時間的 25%。由于夢通常在REM階段發生，所以睡眠中可能最多只有25%的時間在做夢。

　　譯文：夢

　　研究表明，在夢里人們是在看、在聽而不是在想。就感官而言，在幾乎所有夢中都有視覺體驗;聽覺體驗占40%~50%;觸覺、味覺、嗅覺和痛覺所占的比例相對較小。一般有相當程度的情緒表現，通常是一種諸如恐懼、憤怒或歡喜等純粹和單一的情緒。

　　有兩種區別明顯的睡眠狀態。第一種狀態稱為NREM睡眠，它占據睡眠時間的大部分，這時，人的脈搏相對較慢，血壓相對較低，醒來后也很少或者沒有說做了夢。第二種睡眠，通常稱為REM睡眠。它在睡眠時周期性出現。這時，雙眼急促移動，并不時醒來說做了夢。人夜間有4~5小時的REM睡眠是較為典型的，無論他是常能記得這些夢還是很少或根本不記得。它們約第90分鐘出現一次，總共約占去25%的夜間睡眠。。有證據表明，每段夢境通常延續5~20分鐘。若是在REM期間，能影響夢者的聲音與觸摸便可進入夢中。雖然可能有人告訴說他們的NREM睡眠中有思維活動，但是這種活動通常是類似思維訴斷斷續續的小片段而已。

　　現代對夢的研究在如何對夢的內容作一般解釋方面有兩種集中的看法。一種觀點認為，夢本身沒有意義，只不過是人腦將新信息匯入記憶的一種過程而已。另一種觀點認為，夢是用圖像語言象征真實意義，這種圖像語言和有意識的邏輯思維有所區別。倘若夢表達夢者的重要的愿望、恐懼、憂慮和煩惱，那么對夢的研究分析就有助于揭示對人的思維功能以往所未知的方面。

　　Dreams

　　Studies show that in dreams things are seen and heard rather than thought.1 In terms of the senses, visual experience is present in almost all dreams; auditory experience in 40 to 50 percent; and touch, taste, smell, and pain in a relatively small percentage.2 A considerable amount of emotion is commonly present, usually a pure and single emotion such as fear, anger, or joy.3

　　Two clearly distinguishable states of sleep exist. The first state，called NREM-sleep ，occupies most of the sleep period and is associated with a relatively low pulse and blood pressure, and few or no reports of dreaming.4 The second type of sleep, known as REM-sleep occurs cyclically during the sleep period with rapid eye movements and frequent dream reports. Typically, a person has four or five periods of REM-sleep during the night, whether the dreams are remembered often, rarely, or not at all; they occur at intervals of about 90 minutes and altogether make up about 25 percent of the nights sleep . Evidence indicates that a dream period usually lasts from 5 to 20 minutes.5 Sounds and touches working on a dreamer can go into a dream if they occur during a REM-period. Although mental activity may be reported during NREM-sleep，these are usually short pieces of thoughtlike experiences.6

　　Modern dream research has focused on two general interpretations of dream content.7 In one view, dreams have no meaning of their own but are simply a process by which the brain integrates new information into memories. In the other view, dreams contain real meaning symbolized in a picture language distinct from conscious logical thought.8 If dreams express important wishes， fears, concerns, and worries of the dreamer, the study and analysis of dreams can help reveal previously unknown aspects of a persons mental functioningg.

　　詞匯：

　　visual 視力的，視覺的 integrate 使成一體，使結合，使合并

　　auditory 聽的，聽覺的 percentage 百分比，百分率

　　distinguishable 區別得出的，可以辨明的

　　symbolize 作為的象征，象征

　　cyclically 循環地，周期性地 conscious 意識到的，自覺的，感到的

　　interval 間隔，間距，間隙

　　logical 符合邏輯的，有邏輯頭腦的;邏輯上的，邏輯學的

　　interpretation 解釋，說明，闡明

　　previously 以前的，先前的，前的，先的

　　注釋：

　　1.Studies show that in dreams things are seen and heard rather than thought.研究表明，在夢里人 們是在看、在聽而不是在想。 、

　　2.In terms of the senses, visual experience is present in almost all dreams; auditory experience in 40 to 50 percent; and touch, taste, smell, and pain in a relatively small percentage.就感官而 言，在幾乎所有的夢中都有視覺體驗;聽覺體驗占40%?50% ;觸覺、味覺、嗅覺和痛覺所占 比例相對較小。短語in terms of意為從方面，，。

　　3. A considerable amount of emotion is commonly present, usually a pure and single emotion such as fear, anger, or joy.一般有相當程度的情緒表現，通常是一種諸如恐懼、憤怒或歡 喜等純粹和單一的情緒。

　　4.The first state, called NREM-sleep , occupies most of the sleep period and is associated with a relatively low pulse and blood pressure, and few or no reports of dreaming.第一種狀態稱作NREM睡眠，它占睡眠時間的大部 分。這時，人的脈搏相對較慢，血壓相對較低，醒來后也很少或者不說自己做了夢。be associated with意思是與 有聯系。

　　5.Evidence indicates that a dream period usually lasts from 5 to 20 minutes.有證據表明一段夢境 通常延續5?20分鐘。

　　6.Although mental activity may be reported during NREM-sleep, these are usually short pieces of thoughtlike experiences.雖然有一些人或許說在他們NREM睡鹺中有思維活動，但是這種活 動通常是類似思維的斷斷續續的小片段而巳。

　　7.Modern dream research has focused on two general interpretations of dream content.現代對夢的研究在如何對夢的內容做一般解釋方面有兩種集中的看法。

　　8.In the other view, dreams contain real meaning symbolized in a picture language distinct from conscious logical thought.另一種觀點認為，夢是用圖像語言象征真實意義，這種圖像語言和有意識的邏輯思維有所區別。

　　9. the study and analysis of dreams can help reveal previously unknown aspects of a persons mental functioning ：對夢的研究分析有助于揭示以往所未知的人的思維功能的方面

　　練習：

　　1.There are in general two opinions about what we experience in a dream：

　　A one, we see our dreams, and two, we think our dreams.

　　B one, we are happy, and two, we are angry.

　　C one, dreams put new information into our memories, and two, dreams have real meanings in pictures different from our logical thinking.

　　D we have pictures in dreams because one, we have slow eye movements, and two, we have rapid eye movements.

　　2.According to this article, we

　　A often think seriously when we are dreaming.

　　B hardly ever hear music when we are dreaming.

　　C very often feel something tastes good when we are dreaming.

　　D almost always see different pictures when we are dreaming.

　　3.In your dreams, you

　　A very often feel happy and unhappy at the same time.

　　B always feel that you are afraid of somebody.

　　C seldom feel fear now and joy later.

　　D only feel anger.

　　4.This essay tells us that

　　A people usually dream in a NREM sleep.

　　B people usually dream in an REM sleep.

　　C people always remember what they have dreamed in an REM sleep.

　　D people may have an REM sleep all night through.

　　5. Based on what is discussed in this writing，an adult may have at most about of the time of his or her sleep dreaming.

　　A 90%

　　B 50%

　　C 25%

　　D 20%

　　答案與題解：

　　1.C答案根據在文章最后一段的第二句和第三句。

　　2.D答案的根據在文章的第一段，所有的選項也都涉及第一段。見注釋1、2。

　　3.C第一段的最后一句說我們在做夢時所體驗到的情緒往往是純粹和單一的，故C項是正確 選項。A項不可能，B和D項太極端化。見注釋3。

　　4.B答案的根據在文章第二段的第三句。在REM睡眠中，時有做夢的報道。

　　5.C第二段中說一般人睡眠時有四到五個REM階段,這幾個階段約占整個睡眠時間的 25%。由于夢通常在REM階段發生，所以睡眠中可能最多只有25%的時間在做夢。

　　譯文：夢

　　研究表明，在夢里人們是在看、在聽而不是在想。就感官而言，在幾乎所有夢中都有視覺體驗;聽覺體驗占40%~50%;觸覺、味覺、嗅覺和痛覺所占的比例相對較小。一般有相當程度的情緒表現，通常是一種諸如恐懼、憤怒或歡喜等純粹和單一的情緒。

　　有兩種區別明顯的睡眠狀態。第一種狀態稱為NREM睡眠，它占據睡眠時間的大部分，這時，人的脈搏相對較慢，血壓相對較低，醒來后也很少或者沒有說做了夢。第二種睡眠，通常稱為REM睡眠。它在睡眠時周期性出現。這時，雙眼急促移動，并不時醒來說做了夢。人夜間有4~5小時的REM睡眠是較為典型的，無論他是常能記得這些夢還是很少或根本不記得。它們約第90分鐘出現一次，總共約占去25%的夜間睡眠。。有證據表明，每段夢境通常延續5~20分鐘。若是在REM期間，能影響夢者的聲音與觸摸便可進入夢中。雖然可能有人告訴說他們的NREM睡眠中有思維活動，但是這種活動通常是類似思維訴斷斷續續的小片段而已。

　　現代對夢的研究在如何對夢的內容作一般解釋方面有兩種集中的看法。一種觀點認為，夢本身沒有意義，只不過是人腦將新信息匯入記憶的一種過程而已。另一種觀點認為，夢是用圖像語言象征真實意義，這種圖像語言和有意識的邏輯思維有所區別。倘若夢表達夢者的重要的愿望、恐懼、憂慮和煩惱，那么對夢的研究分析就有助于揭示對人的思維功能以往所未知的方面。