2023考研英語(yǔ)閱讀航空運(yùn)輸業(yè)
Aviation
航空運(yùn)輸業(yè)
Ghost at the feast
宴會(huì)上的幽靈
Airlines stand to lose heavily should the eurocollapse
一旦歐元崩潰，航空公司需面臨其帶來(lái)的慘重?fù)p失
MEETINGS of airline bosses are rarely cheerful events, profits being tighter than leg room ineconomy.
航空公司老板們的商務(wù)會(huì)議鮮有高興的事，該領(lǐng)域的利潤(rùn)比經(jīng)濟(jì)艙那放腳空間還要拮據(jù)。
But this year s annual gathering of the International Air Transport Association should havebeen different.
但是今年國(guó)際航空運(yùn)輸協(xié)會(huì)的年度聚會(huì)應(yīng)該會(huì)有所不同。
For a start, the airlines umbrella group picked the most promising market to host thepow-wow, which was held in Beijing.
首先，航空公司的傘型集團(tuán)選擇了在最有前景市場(chǎng)的北京來(lái)主持舉辦這次會(huì)晤。
Not only is air travel booming within and from China, but the country s airlines also made halfof all global profits last year.
不僅是中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)、國(guó)際航空旅行的蓬勃發(fā)展，而且該國(guó)航空公司去年賺到了全球航空領(lǐng)域一半的利潤(rùn)。
But as IATA delegates assembled for their gala dinner on June 11th at the Great Hall of thePeople in Tiananmen Square,
但是6月11日，當(dāng)國(guó)際航空運(yùn)輸協(xié)會(huì)代表們?cè)谔彀查T(mén)廣場(chǎng)人民大會(huì)堂里齊聚一堂共度晚宴時(shí)，
there was a ghost at the feast.
宴會(huì)上存在一個(gè)幽靈。
The topic on most people s minds was not the dozens of airports to be opened this decade inChina, nor the quarter of a trillion dollars the host country is spending to become an aviationand aerospace superpower.
大多數(shù)人考慮關(guān)注的話題不在于中國(guó)數(shù)十個(gè)機(jī)場(chǎng)將在本年代陸續(xù)開(kāi)放，也不在于該主辦國(guó)將花費(fèi)數(shù)萬(wàn)億美元的四分之一即成為航空航天的超級(jí)大國(guó)。
On the contrary, all eyes werefocused on the spectre of financial chaos in Europe.
相反，所有的目光都聚焦著對(duì)歐洲經(jīng)融危機(jī)帶來(lái)的恐慌和憂慮。
The euro zone s troubles have already pushed many European carriers into the red.
這次歐元區(qū)的危機(jī)已使得許多歐洲航空公司財(cái)政赤字。
IATA predicts that there is a serious risk of bankruptcies.
國(guó)際航空運(yùn)輸協(xié)會(huì)預(yù)測(cè)存在著一個(gè)破產(chǎn)的嚴(yán)重風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
Indeed, Malev and Spainair, two fair-sized European airlines, have already gone bust.
實(shí)際上，匈牙利航空和西班牙航空這兩家一般規(guī)模的歐洲航空公司已經(jīng)破產(chǎn)。
Several big airline groups, notably Air France-KLM, are trying to make deep cuts. The globalindustry s after-tax profits are forecast to fall from $7.9 billion in 2011 to $3 billion this year;that is just 0.5% of revenue.
幾大航空公司團(tuán)體，特別是法航-荷航正試圖大幅削減。全球行業(yè)內(nèi)的稅后利潤(rùn)預(yù)計(jì)將從2011年的79億美元降低到今年的30億，這僅僅是國(guó)家財(cái)政收入的0.5%。
And if the euro collapses?
那如果歐元崩潰了呢?
It would be worse than 9/11, says Willie Walsh, the boss of IAG, which owns British Airwaysand Iberia.
擁有英國(guó)航空公司和伊比利亞航空的國(guó)際航空集團(tuán)老板威利沃爾什聲稱，這個(gè)比例將不到9/11。
Things feel all the worse because 2023 might otherwise have been a good year.
有些事情感覺(jué)反而更糟，這是因?yàn)?023年或許在其他方面將會(huì)是美好的一年。
Oil prices have moderated of late. Global passenger traffic has risen by 6%, faster than thelong-term trend.
石油價(jià)格近來(lái)已經(jīng)回落。全球客流量上升了6%，上升速度超過(guò)了長(zhǎng)期趨勢(shì)。
Freight contracted in 2011, but is reviving in many markets.
2011就簽下了貨運(yùn)合同，在許多市場(chǎng)這僅僅正在復(fù)蘇之中。
Asset utilisation is 79%, up from 74% in 2009.
資產(chǎn)利用率從2009年的74%上升到了79%。
Planes are relatively full, especially in America.
飛機(jī)相對(duì)完整,尤其是在美國(guó)。
That said, the industry faces three risks besides a European meltdown.
這就是說(shuō)，該行業(yè)除了歐洲金融危機(jī)將面臨三大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
First, an oil-supply shockresulting from an Iranian crisis, saywould send fuel pricessharply up again and wipe out profits.
首先是伊朗危機(jī)下的石油供應(yīng)沖擊，這將使得燃料價(jià)格再次飆升，削減行業(yè)利潤(rùn)。
Some airlines, including KLM, are investing in biofuels, but full commercialisation looks adecade away.
包括荷航在內(nèi)的一些航空公司正在投資于生物燃料，但是者想要完全商業(yè)化可能還需要十年時(shí)間。
Others use financial hedges, but these are pricey and can backfire if oil prices drop.
另一些航空公司則使用金融對(duì)沖基金，但是這是相當(dāng)昂貴的而且如果石油價(jià)格下降的話可能適得其反。
Delta is even now finalising a deal to buy an oil refinery.
美國(guó)達(dá)美航空公司甚至現(xiàn)在正在最終敲定一項(xiàng)購(gòu)買一個(gè)煉油廠的協(xié)議。
The second risk arises from the flood of new planes due to be delivered shortly.
第二個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)滋生于即將大量交付使用的新飛機(jī)。
Production snags at both Airbus and Boeing have kept capacity tighter than planned.
空中客車公司和波音公司的生產(chǎn)障礙在于比原計(jì)劃保證其客容量需更加嚴(yán)格。
If everyone uses their new planes to expand capacity, rather than to replace clunkers,there could be a lot of empty seats.
如果所有的人都使用他們的新飛機(jī)來(lái)擴(kuò)大產(chǎn)能，而不是更換舊機(jī)的話則可能會(huì)有很多空位。
The final threat pits ghost against host.
最后的威脅是針對(duì)這次主辦方的。
The European Commission s inclusion of greenhouse gases from aviation in itsemissions-trading scheme is opposed by over 30 countries,
歐盟委員會(huì)在它提出的碳排放交易計(jì)劃中關(guān)于來(lái)至航空溫室氣體混合物這點(diǎn)有超過(guò)30個(gè)國(guó)家反對(duì)，
of which China is the most defiant.
對(duì)此中國(guó)是最肆無(wú)忌憚的。
If a compromise is not found, European countries must levy hefty fines on offenders andmay seize aircraftwhich could set off a trade war.
如果沒(méi)有找到一個(gè)妥協(xié)之處，歐洲各國(guó)必定會(huì)對(duì)其違規(guī)者征收巨額罰款，而且可能會(huì)扣押飛機(jī)，這必將引起一場(chǎng)貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)。
On June 12th the China Air Transport Association, which represents Chinese carriers, said thatChina would retaliate with similar measures.
6月12日，代表中國(guó)航空公司的中國(guó)航空運(yùn)輸協(xié)會(huì)聲明：中國(guó)將采取相似的措施以作為回應(yīng)。
The Chinese government has forbidden its airlines from participating in the ETS.
中國(guó)政府已經(jīng)禁止其航空公司參與該碳排放交易計(jì)劃。
It has even threatened to cancel orders placed by its airlines with Airbus.
它甚至還威脅要取消其航空公司與空中客車公司的訂單。
No coincidence, then, that this week s banquet was paid for by the Europeanaircraftmaker.
那么本周的宴會(huì)是由歐洲的飛機(jī)制造商贊助的，這也并非偶然。
The Chinese appear unbowed.
中國(guó)看起來(lái)似乎不會(huì)屈服。
詞語(yǔ)解釋
1.collapse v.倒塌;崩潰
The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.
房頂在雪的重壓下突然坍塌下來(lái)。
2.association n.協(xié)會(huì);社團(tuán);聯(lián)想
Have you joined the teachers association?
你加入教師協(xié)會(huì)了嗎?
3.delegate n.代表
Babbitt was an official delegate.
巴比特是一名正式代表。
4.aerospace n.宇宙空間;航空航天學(xué)
He was a pioneer of china s aerospace industry.
他是中國(guó)航天工業(yè)的拓荒者。
5.predict v.預(yù)言;預(yù)報(bào);預(yù)知
It is virtually impossible to predict the future accurately.
精確預(yù)言未來(lái)的事實(shí)際上是辦不到的。
Aviation
航空運(yùn)輸業(yè)
Ghost at the feast
宴會(huì)上的幽靈
Airlines stand to lose heavily should the eurocollapse
一旦歐元崩潰，航空公司需面臨其帶來(lái)的慘重?fù)p失
MEETINGS of airline bosses are rarely cheerful events, profits being tighter than leg room ineconomy.
航空公司老板們的商務(wù)會(huì)議鮮有高興的事，該領(lǐng)域的利潤(rùn)比經(jīng)濟(jì)艙那放腳空間還要拮據(jù)。
But this year s annual gathering of the International Air Transport Association should havebeen different.
但是今年國(guó)際航空運(yùn)輸協(xié)會(huì)的年度聚會(huì)應(yīng)該會(huì)有所不同。
For a start, the airlines umbrella group picked the most promising market to host thepow-wow, which was held in Beijing.
首先，航空公司的傘型集團(tuán)選擇了在最有前景市場(chǎng)的北京來(lái)主持舉辦這次會(huì)晤。
Not only is air travel booming within and from China, but the country s airlines also made halfof all global profits last year.
不僅是中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)、國(guó)際航空旅行的蓬勃發(fā)展，而且該國(guó)航空公司去年賺到了全球航空領(lǐng)域一半的利潤(rùn)。
But as IATA delegates assembled for their gala dinner on June 11th at the Great Hall of thePeople in Tiananmen Square,
但是6月11日，當(dāng)國(guó)際航空運(yùn)輸協(xié)會(huì)代表們?cè)谔彀查T(mén)廣場(chǎng)人民大會(huì)堂里齊聚一堂共度晚宴時(shí)，
there was a ghost at the feast.
宴會(huì)上存在一個(gè)幽靈。
The topic on most people s minds was not the dozens of airports to be opened this decade inChina, nor the quarter of a trillion dollars the host country is spending to become an aviationand aerospace superpower.
大多數(shù)人考慮關(guān)注的話題不在于中國(guó)數(shù)十個(gè)機(jī)場(chǎng)將在本年代陸續(xù)開(kāi)放，也不在于該主辦國(guó)將花費(fèi)數(shù)萬(wàn)億美元的四分之一即成為航空航天的超級(jí)大國(guó)。
On the contrary, all eyes werefocused on the spectre of financial chaos in Europe.
相反，所有的目光都聚焦著對(duì)歐洲經(jīng)融危機(jī)帶來(lái)的恐慌和憂慮。
The euro zone s troubles have already pushed many European carriers into the red.
這次歐元區(qū)的危機(jī)已使得許多歐洲航空公司財(cái)政赤字。
IATA predicts that there is a serious risk of bankruptcies.
國(guó)際航空運(yùn)輸協(xié)會(huì)預(yù)測(cè)存在著一個(gè)破產(chǎn)的嚴(yán)重風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
Indeed, Malev and Spainair, two fair-sized European airlines, have already gone bust.
實(shí)際上，匈牙利航空和西班牙航空這兩家一般規(guī)模的歐洲航空公司已經(jīng)破產(chǎn)。
Several big airline groups, notably Air France-KLM, are trying to make deep cuts. The globalindustry s after-tax profits are forecast to fall from $7.9 billion in 2011 to $3 billion this year;that is just 0.5% of revenue.
幾大航空公司團(tuán)體，特別是法航-荷航正試圖大幅削減。全球行業(yè)內(nèi)的稅后利潤(rùn)預(yù)計(jì)將從2011年的79億美元降低到今年的30億，這僅僅是國(guó)家財(cái)政收入的0.5%。
And if the euro collapses?
那如果歐元崩潰了呢?
It would be worse than 9/11, says Willie Walsh, the boss of IAG, which owns British Airwaysand Iberia.
擁有英國(guó)航空公司和伊比利亞航空的國(guó)際航空集團(tuán)老板威利沃爾什聲稱，這個(gè)比例將不到9/11。
Things feel all the worse because 2023 might otherwise have been a good year.
有些事情感覺(jué)反而更糟，這是因?yàn)?023年或許在其他方面將會(huì)是美好的一年。
Oil prices have moderated of late. Global passenger traffic has risen by 6%, faster than thelong-term trend.
石油價(jià)格近來(lái)已經(jīng)回落。全球客流量上升了6%，上升速度超過(guò)了長(zhǎng)期趨勢(shì)。
Freight contracted in 2011, but is reviving in many markets.
2011就簽下了貨運(yùn)合同，在許多市場(chǎng)這僅僅正在復(fù)蘇之中。
Asset utilisation is 79%, up from 74% in 2009.
資產(chǎn)利用率從2009年的74%上升到了79%。
Planes are relatively full, especially in America.
飛機(jī)相對(duì)完整,尤其是在美國(guó)。
That said, the industry faces three risks besides a European meltdown.
這就是說(shuō)，該行業(yè)除了歐洲金融危機(jī)將面臨三大風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。
First, an oil-supply shockresulting from an Iranian crisis, saywould send fuel pricessharply up again and wipe out profits.
首先是伊朗危機(jī)下的石油供應(yīng)沖擊，這將使得燃料價(jià)格再次飆升，削減行業(yè)利潤(rùn)。
Some airlines, including KLM, are investing in biofuels, but full commercialisation looks adecade away.
包括荷航在內(nèi)的一些航空公司正在投資于生物燃料，但是者想要完全商業(yè)化可能還需要十年時(shí)間。
Others use financial hedges, but these are pricey and can backfire if oil prices drop.
另一些航空公司則使用金融對(duì)沖基金，但是這是相當(dāng)昂貴的而且如果石油價(jià)格下降的話可能適得其反。
Delta is even now finalising a deal to buy an oil refinery.
美國(guó)達(dá)美航空公司甚至現(xiàn)在正在最終敲定一項(xiàng)購(gòu)買一個(gè)煉油廠的協(xié)議。
The second risk arises from the flood of new planes due to be delivered shortly.
第二個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)滋生于即將大量交付使用的新飛機(jī)。
Production snags at both Airbus and Boeing have kept capacity tighter than planned.
空中客車公司和波音公司的生產(chǎn)障礙在于比原計(jì)劃保證其客容量需更加嚴(yán)格。
If everyone uses their new planes to expand capacity, rather than to replace clunkers,there could be a lot of empty seats.
如果所有的人都使用他們的新飛機(jī)來(lái)擴(kuò)大產(chǎn)能，而不是更換舊機(jī)的話則可能會(huì)有很多空位。
The final threat pits ghost against host.
最后的威脅是針對(duì)這次主辦方的。
The European Commission s inclusion of greenhouse gases from aviation in itsemissions-trading scheme is opposed by over 30 countries,
歐盟委員會(huì)在它提出的碳排放交易計(jì)劃中關(guān)于來(lái)至航空溫室氣體混合物這點(diǎn)有超過(guò)30個(gè)國(guó)家反對(duì)，
of which China is the most defiant.
對(duì)此中國(guó)是最肆無(wú)忌憚的。
If a compromise is not found, European countries must levy hefty fines on offenders andmay seize aircraftwhich could set off a trade war.
如果沒(méi)有找到一個(gè)妥協(xié)之處，歐洲各國(guó)必定會(huì)對(duì)其違規(guī)者征收巨額罰款，而且可能會(huì)扣押飛機(jī)，這必將引起一場(chǎng)貿(mào)易戰(zhàn)。
On June 12th the China Air Transport Association, which represents Chinese carriers, said thatChina would retaliate with similar measures.
6月12日，代表中國(guó)航空公司的中國(guó)航空運(yùn)輸協(xié)會(huì)聲明：中國(guó)將采取相似的措施以作為回應(yīng)。
The Chinese government has forbidden its airlines from participating in the ETS.
中國(guó)政府已經(jīng)禁止其航空公司參與該碳排放交易計(jì)劃。
It has even threatened to cancel orders placed by its airlines with Airbus.
它甚至還威脅要取消其航空公司與空中客車公司的訂單。
No coincidence, then, that this week s banquet was paid for by the Europeanaircraftmaker.
那么本周的宴會(huì)是由歐洲的飛機(jī)制造商贊助的，這也并非偶然。
The Chinese appear unbowed.
中國(guó)看起來(lái)似乎不會(huì)屈服。
詞語(yǔ)解釋
1.collapse v.倒塌;崩潰
The roof collapsed under the weight of snow.
房頂在雪的重壓下突然坍塌下來(lái)。
2.association n.協(xié)會(huì);社團(tuán);聯(lián)想
Have you joined the teachers association?
你加入教師協(xié)會(huì)了嗎?
3.delegate n.代表
Babbitt was an official delegate.
巴比特是一名正式代表。
4.aerospace n.宇宙空間;航空航天學(xué)
He was a pioneer of china s aerospace industry.
他是中國(guó)航天工業(yè)的拓荒者。
5.predict v.預(yù)言;預(yù)報(bào);預(yù)知
It is virtually impossible to predict the future accurately.
精確預(yù)言未來(lái)的事實(shí)際上是辦不到的。
