CET考試大綱
CET-4考試大綱規(guī)定,閱讀文章的語言難度中等,無法猜測(cè)而又影響理解的關(guān)鍵詞,如果超出教學(xué)大綱詞匯表的范圍,用漢語標(biāo)明詞義。這樣命題者在詞匯難度方面沒有太多的發(fā)揮余地。換句話說,命題者主要是要考查考生在閱讀中的推斷能力,即根據(jù)上下文,運(yùn)用背景知識(shí)、邏輯推理、語法及語篇完整性來推測(cè)詞義的能力。而考生往往單純注重一些生詞及短語,忽視了熟詞僻義。殊不知,掌握熟悉的詞匯在特定語境中的取義,往往成為理解語句結(jié)構(gòu)的樞紐,意義重大,可以幫助考生把握作者的思想意圖,是解題的關(guān)鍵所在。例如,CET-4 Passage 3倒數(shù)第二段中有這樣一句話:A second language isnt generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal. 句中的edge一詞就屬于熟詞僻義,edge不是常見的邊緣或刀口的意思,而應(yīng)解釋為優(yōu)勢(shì),優(yōu)越地位?？忌绻麑?duì)此不夠熟悉,勢(shì)必會(huì)影響閱讀的效果。因此在這里,筆者分析歷年四級(jí)真題,對(duì)照大綱詞匯表,就閱讀時(shí)常見并影響閱讀的熟詞僻義現(xiàn)象予以歸納,供考生備考之用。
1. address 對(duì)說話, 向致意
He addressed his complaints to themanager. 他向經(jīng)理訴了苦。
2. anchor 擔(dān)任主持人
Mary anchored the TV programme. 瑪麗主持了這個(gè)電視節(jié)目。
3. appeal 上訴,申訴
Tom appealed to the higher court against his sentence. 湯姆對(duì)判決不服而向高級(jí)法院上訴。
4. arrest 吸引
Marys beauty arrests many eyes. 瑪麗的美貌吸引了眾多的目光。
5. attend 料理,處理,照顧
Youd better attend to the children first-they need their breakfast. 你最好還是先去照料孩子--他們要吃早餐。
6. bargain 預(yù)料,指望
I have not bargained for such heavy snow. 我沒料到雪會(huì)下這么大。
7. bridge 把連接起來
These tax reforms are an attempt to bridge the gap between the rich and the poor. 這些稅收改革旨在彌合貧富之間的差距。
8. check 使停止, 或緩慢進(jìn)行
We should check the spread of the disease. 我們應(yīng)該阻止疾病的蔓延。
9. command 博得, 贏得
His bravery commanded our respect. 他的勇氣博得我們的尊敬。
10. corner 追問, 把難住
The interviewer cornered the politician with a particularly tricky question. 采訪者用一個(gè)極其巧妙的問題難住了那個(gè)政客。
11. count 值得考慮, 有重要意義
He is the only person that really counts. 他是唯一有影響的人。
12. credit 把歸因于
Miraculous powers are credited to relics. 人們認(rèn)為這些早期遺物具有神奇的力量。
13. cross 脾氣壞的, 易怒的
She is rather cross now. 她現(xiàn)在脾氣不太好。
14. cry 與相差很遠(yuǎn)
My ideal is a far cry from his. 我的理想與他的相差十萬八千里。
15. economy 節(jié)約措施, 經(jīng)濟(jì)辦法
Its an economy to buy good shoes in the long run. 買質(zhì)量好的鞋子從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看終究是節(jié)約的。
16. gear 使適應(yīng), 使適合
Education should be geared to the childrens needs and abilities. 教育應(yīng)適合兒童的需要和能力。
17. hit 成功而風(fēng)靡一時(shí)的事物
The new record is a big hit. 這張新唱片非常成功。
18. invite 吸引, 招致
Leaving the window open is just inviting the thief to enter. 窗戶不關(guān)簡(jiǎn)直就是引賊入室。
19. merit 值得, 應(yīng)受
The suggestion merits consideration. 這個(gè)建議值得考慮。
20. might 力量, 能力, 威力
I pushed the car with all my might. 我用盡全力來推車。
21. minute 微小的, 細(xì)小的, 極少的
The wound was full of minute pieces of glass. 傷口里滿是細(xì)小的玻璃渣。
22. net 凈得,凈賺
The sale netted the company a fat profit. 這筆銷售生意給公司凈賺了一大筆錢。
23. novel 新奇的,新穎的
He always has a novel idea. 他總有新奇的想法。
24. observe 遵守;慶祝
We should observe the rules. 我們應(yīng)該遵守規(guī)則。
25. particular 講究的,挑剔的
She is particular about what she wears. 她對(duì)穿著很講究。
26. prime 壯年;全盛時(shí)期
be in ones prime 風(fēng)華正茂
He is past his prime. 他已過了年富力強(qiáng)的時(shí)期。
27. slim 少的;小的
The chance of success is slim. 成功的機(jī)會(huì)很小。
28. sound 健康的,健全的;完好的
He is of sound mind and body. 他身心健康。
29. spare 節(jié)約,吝惜
He spared no efforts in his studies. 他在研究方面不遺余力。
30. spell v. 意味著; n. 一段時(shí)間
Those dark clouds spell rain. 那些烏云意味著要下雨。
Have a spell of rest when you are tired. 累的時(shí)候就歇一會(huì)兒。
31. start 驚動(dòng),驚起
The mere rustle of leaves in the wind makes him start. 一有風(fēng)吹草動(dòng)就使他膽戰(zhàn)心驚。
32. subject 使遭受;使經(jīng)受;使服從
He subjected us to great suffering. 他使我們?cè)馐芰藰O大的痛苦。
33. tailor 使適應(yīng)
He has tailored himself to the new job. 他已適應(yīng)了這項(xiàng)新工作。
34. value 尊重,重視
Ive always valued your advice. 我一向重視你的意見。
35. wage 進(jìn)行,開始,開展
They are waging a war against crime. 他們正在展開一場(chǎng)反對(duì)犯罪的斗爭(zhēng)。
36. want 欠缺,缺乏
She wants the courage to tell him the truth. 她缺乏告訴他真相的勇氣
CET-4考試大綱規(guī)定,閱讀文章的語言難度中等,無法猜測(cè)而又影響理解的關(guān)鍵詞,如果超出教學(xué)大綱詞匯表的范圍,用漢語標(biāo)明詞義。這樣命題者在詞匯難度方面沒有太多的發(fā)揮余地。換句話說,命題者主要是要考查考生在閱讀中的推斷能力,即根據(jù)上下文,運(yùn)用背景知識(shí)、邏輯推理、語法及語篇完整性來推測(cè)詞義的能力。而考生往往單純注重一些生詞及短語,忽視了熟詞僻義。殊不知,掌握熟悉的詞匯在特定語境中的取義,往往成為理解語句結(jié)構(gòu)的樞紐,意義重大,可以幫助考生把握作者的思想意圖,是解題的關(guān)鍵所在。例如,CET-4 Passage 3倒數(shù)第二段中有這樣一句話:A second language isnt generally required to get a job in business, but having language skills gives a candidate the edge when other qualifications appear to be equal. 句中的edge一詞就屬于熟詞僻義,edge不是常見的邊緣或刀口的意思,而應(yīng)解釋為優(yōu)勢(shì),優(yōu)越地位?？忌绻麑?duì)此不夠熟悉,勢(shì)必會(huì)影響閱讀的效果。因此在這里,筆者分析歷年四級(jí)真題,對(duì)照大綱詞匯表,就閱讀時(shí)常見并影響閱讀的熟詞僻義現(xiàn)象予以歸納,供考生備考之用。
1. address 對(duì)說話, 向致意
He addressed his complaints to themanager. 他向經(jīng)理訴了苦。
2. anchor 擔(dān)任主持人
Mary anchored the TV programme. 瑪麗主持了這個(gè)電視節(jié)目。
3. appeal 上訴,申訴
Tom appealed to the higher court against his sentence. 湯姆對(duì)判決不服而向高級(jí)法院上訴。
4. arrest 吸引
Marys beauty arrests many eyes. 瑪麗的美貌吸引了眾多的目光。
5. attend 料理,處理,照顧
Youd better attend to the children first-they need their breakfast. 你最好還是先去照料孩子--他們要吃早餐。
6. bargain 預(yù)料,指望
I have not bargained for such heavy snow. 我沒料到雪會(huì)下這么大。
7. bridge 把連接起來
These tax reforms are an attempt to bridge the gap between the rich and the poor. 這些稅收改革旨在彌合貧富之間的差距。
8. check 使停止, 或緩慢進(jìn)行
We should check the spread of the disease. 我們應(yīng)該阻止疾病的蔓延。
9. command 博得, 贏得
His bravery commanded our respect. 他的勇氣博得我們的尊敬。
10. corner 追問, 把難住
The interviewer cornered the politician with a particularly tricky question. 采訪者用一個(gè)極其巧妙的問題難住了那個(gè)政客。
11. count 值得考慮, 有重要意義
He is the only person that really counts. 他是唯一有影響的人。
12. credit 把歸因于
Miraculous powers are credited to relics. 人們認(rèn)為這些早期遺物具有神奇的力量。
13. cross 脾氣壞的, 易怒的
She is rather cross now. 她現(xiàn)在脾氣不太好。
14. cry 與相差很遠(yuǎn)
My ideal is a far cry from his. 我的理想與他的相差十萬八千里。
15. economy 節(jié)約措施, 經(jīng)濟(jì)辦法
Its an economy to buy good shoes in the long run. 買質(zhì)量好的鞋子從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)來看終究是節(jié)約的。
16. gear 使適應(yīng), 使適合
Education should be geared to the childrens needs and abilities. 教育應(yīng)適合兒童的需要和能力。
17. hit 成功而風(fēng)靡一時(shí)的事物
The new record is a big hit. 這張新唱片非常成功。
18. invite 吸引, 招致
Leaving the window open is just inviting the thief to enter. 窗戶不關(guān)簡(jiǎn)直就是引賊入室。
19. merit 值得, 應(yīng)受
The suggestion merits consideration. 這個(gè)建議值得考慮。
20. might 力量, 能力, 威力
I pushed the car with all my might. 我用盡全力來推車。
21. minute 微小的, 細(xì)小的, 極少的
The wound was full of minute pieces of glass. 傷口里滿是細(xì)小的玻璃渣。
22. net 凈得,凈賺
The sale netted the company a fat profit. 這筆銷售生意給公司凈賺了一大筆錢。
23. novel 新奇的,新穎的
He always has a novel idea. 他總有新奇的想法。
24. observe 遵守;慶祝
We should observe the rules. 我們應(yīng)該遵守規(guī)則。
25. particular 講究的,挑剔的
She is particular about what she wears. 她對(duì)穿著很講究。
26. prime 壯年;全盛時(shí)期
be in ones prime 風(fēng)華正茂
He is past his prime. 他已過了年富力強(qiáng)的時(shí)期。
27. slim 少的;小的
The chance of success is slim. 成功的機(jī)會(huì)很小。
28. sound 健康的,健全的;完好的
He is of sound mind and body. 他身心健康。
29. spare 節(jié)約,吝惜
He spared no efforts in his studies. 他在研究方面不遺余力。
30. spell v. 意味著; n. 一段時(shí)間
Those dark clouds spell rain. 那些烏云意味著要下雨。
Have a spell of rest when you are tired. 累的時(shí)候就歇一會(huì)兒。
31. start 驚動(dòng),驚起
The mere rustle of leaves in the wind makes him start. 一有風(fēng)吹草動(dòng)就使他膽戰(zhàn)心驚。
32. subject 使遭受;使經(jīng)受;使服從
He subjected us to great suffering. 他使我們?cè)馐芰藰O大的痛苦。
33. tailor 使適應(yīng)
He has tailored himself to the new job. 他已適應(yīng)了這項(xiàng)新工作。
34. value 尊重,重視
Ive always valued your advice. 我一向重視你的意見。
35. wage 進(jìn)行,開始,開展
They are waging a war against crime. 他們正在展開一場(chǎng)反對(duì)犯罪的斗爭(zhēng)。
36. want 欠缺,缺乏
She wants the courage to tell him the truth. 她缺乏告訴他真相的勇氣
