2024年職稱英語考試理工B完型填空
Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities
A new examination of urban policies has been 1 recently by Patricia Romero Lankao.She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and 2 development.She warns that many of the worlds fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countries.will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate.Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to 3 emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse 4 .These gases are known to affect the atmosphere.Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world, says Romero Lankao. But too few cities are developing effective strategies to 5 their residents.
Cities are 6 sources of greenhouse gases.And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankaos findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term 7 .
The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential 8 associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat 9 paved cities more than surrounding areas.The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment.For example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution，causing widespread health problems.Poorer neighborhoods that may 10 basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disasters.Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing 11 access to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services.
Local governments, 12 ,should take measures to protect their residents.Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric 13 meaningful responses, Romero Lankao writes, They dont impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They dont emphasize mass transit and reduce 14 use. In fact, many local governments are taking a handsoff approach. Thus, she urges them to change their 15 policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.
詞匯：
vulnerable / v?ln?r?bl / adj .易受傷害的
infrastructure / infr?,str?kt?? / n .基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施
sociologist /,s?usi?l?d?ist /n.社會學(xué)家
substandard / ,s?bst?nd?d / adj.標準以下的
dioxide / dai?ksaid / .二氧化物
floodplain /fl?dplein / n .泛濫平原
注釋：
1. likely：很可能，或許。在本句中用作副詞。
2. be likely to：很可能。likely 在本句中是形容詞，用作表語。
3. findings：調(diào)查結(jié)果
4. storm surges：風(fēng)暴潮
5. paved cities：鋪上瀝青路面的城市
6. spring up：涌現(xiàn)
7. rhetoric . . . responses：修辭反應(yīng)。這個詞的意思是：(地方政府)話講得很漂亮，但內(nèi)容空洞。
8. a hands-off approach：一種不插手的政策
練習(xí)：
1.A carry along B carried away C carried out D carried back
2.A economic B industrial C rural D urban
3.A reduce B increase C study D measure
4.A crops B gases C fruits D Plant5
5.A educate B evaluate C protect D identify
6.A doubtful B possible C repeatable D major
7.A uses B chances C cures D benefits
8.A threats B interests C functions D differences
9.A locally B heavily C suddenly D mildly
l0.A provide B improve C lack D update
11.A without B with C in D on
12.A moreover B therefore C however D though
13.A other than B more than C less than D rather than
14.A train B automobile C bus D bike
15.A idle B smart C busy D secure
答案與題解：
1. C 本題的答案是carried out(執(zhí)行;完成)。A new examination of urban policies has been carried out 意思上配得上。carried along(攜帶)、carried away(運走)和carried back(運回)與下文的意思搭配不上。
2.D通篇文章討論的是氣候變化對城市的影響及其應(yīng)對措施，并沒有涉及economic (經(jīng)濟的)、industrial (工業(yè)的)和rural (農(nóng)村的)的話題。所以，這三個選項不可能是答案，urban才是答案。
3.A前面一句談到，發(fā)展中國家的飛速成長的城市備受氣候變化的折磨。本句緊接上一句的意思，大多數(shù)城市沒有做到減少二氧化碳的排放量。四個選項中，要選reduce。
4. B 減少的不僅是二氧化碳，還有g(shù)reenhouse gases (溫室氣體)。gases 是答案。
5. C 城市應(yīng)該采取有效的措施應(yīng)對氣候變化。采取措施的目的當然是為了保護城市居民。可是Lankao 發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣做的城市太少了。本題選protect 最合適。
6.D前面說到大多數(shù)城市沒有做到減少或控制二氧化碳的排放量。這說明Cities are major sources of greenhouse gases(城市是溫室氣體的主要來源)，不會是doubtful sources (不能確定的來源), possible sources(可能的來源)，更不會是repeatable sources(不斷重復(fù)的來源)。
7.D城市居民最易受氣候變化的傷害，所以 Lankao 建議地方政府要進行政策介入以降低居民因氣候變化受到的傷害，而這會帶來立即的和長期的益處。因此，uses 、 chances 和cures 可以排除。benefits(益處)才是答案。
8.A 由climate change 引發(fā)的storm surges 和prolonged hot weather 給城市居民造成傷害。
interests 、functions 和differences 這三個詞與storm surges 和prolonged hot weather 造成的傷害掛不上號，不會是答案。storm surges 和prolonged hot weather 對城市居民會構(gòu)成威脅。因此threats 才是答案。
9. B 為什么prolonged hot weather 對城市居民造成的傷害超過對其周邊地區(qū)居民造成的傷害?因為城市道路是大量鋪設(shè)瀝青的道路。heavily 是答案。其他三個選項不符合上述意思。
10.C 貧窮社區(qū)更易受到傷害，句子給出有關(guān)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的各個方面。貧窮社區(qū)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施一定是不盡如人意的。所以要選lack。
11.A貧窮國家許多人住在不符合標準的房子里。下面提到reliable thinking water、roads 和basic services 這些基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，從上下文判斷，貧窮居民不會享有這些基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。所以選without 比較合理。
12.B 本題的答案是therefore。上文說的是氣候變化給城鎮(zhèn)居民帶來的種種問題。下文說的是地方政府應(yīng)該采取相應(yīng)的對策以保護城鎮(zhèn)居民。兩部分的敘述是一種因果關(guān)系，所以要選therefore。
13.D rhetoric responses (言辭反應(yīng)，即用言語予以搪塞的反應(yīng))和meaningful responses (有意義的反應(yīng))是兩種截然不同的反應(yīng)。地方政府的反應(yīng)是前者還是后者?隨后的句子，特別是a hands-off approach，說明地方政府作出的是rhetoric responses，而不是meaningful responses 。所以本題要選rather than(而不是)。
14.B 句中的emphasize mass transit提示，要減少的運輸工具不會是大眾交通工具，因此選項中的train 和bus便可排除。bike 是人力驅(qū)動，不會釋放二氧化碳，也可排除。答案是automobile 。私人汽車排放大量的二氧化碳，是城市主要的污染源之一。
15. A . . many local governments are taking a hands-off approach 中的a hands-offapproach 提示， Lankao 敦促地方政府改變的一定是他們無所作為( idle) 的政策。idle 是正確的選擇。
Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities
A new examination of urban policies has been 1 recently by Patricia Romero Lankao.She is a sociologist specializing in climate change and 2 development.She warns that many of the worlds fast-growing urban areas，especially in developing countries.will likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate.Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to 3 emissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse 4 .These gases are known to affect the atmosphere.Climate change is a deeply local issue and poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world, says Romero Lankao. But too few cities are developing effective strategies to 5 their residents.
Cities are 6 sources of greenhouse gases.And urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future climate change. Lankaos findings highlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term 7 .
The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural disasters. Potential 8 associated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat 9 paved cities more than surrounding areas.The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environment.For example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution，causing widespread health problems.Poorer neighborhoods that may 10 basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads，are especially vulnerable to natural disasters.Many residents in poorer countries live in substandard housing 11 access to reliable drinking water，roads and basic services.
Local governments, 12 ,should take measures to protect their residents.Unfortunately，they tend to move towards rhetoric 13 meaningful responses, Romero Lankao writes, They dont impose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They dont emphasize mass transit and reduce 14 use. In fact, many local governments are taking a handsoff approach. Thus, she urges them to change their 15 policies and to take strong steps to prevent the harmful effects of climate change on cities.
詞匯：
vulnerable / v?ln?r?bl / adj .易受傷害的
infrastructure / infr?,str?kt?? / n .基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施
sociologist /,s?usi?l?d?ist /n.社會學(xué)家
substandard / ,s?bst?nd?d / adj.標準以下的
dioxide / dai?ksaid / .二氧化物
floodplain /fl?dplein / n .泛濫平原
注釋：
1. likely：很可能，或許。在本句中用作副詞。
2. be likely to：很可能。likely 在本句中是形容詞，用作表語。
3. findings：調(diào)查結(jié)果
4. storm surges：風(fēng)暴潮
5. paved cities：鋪上瀝青路面的城市
6. spring up：涌現(xiàn)
7. rhetoric . . . responses：修辭反應(yīng)。這個詞的意思是：(地方政府)話講得很漂亮，但內(nèi)容空洞。
8. a hands-off approach：一種不插手的政策
練習(xí)：
1.A carry along B carried away C carried out D carried back
2.A economic B industrial C rural D urban
3.A reduce B increase C study D measure
4.A crops B gases C fruits D Plant5
5.A educate B evaluate C protect D identify
6.A doubtful B possible C repeatable D major
7.A uses B chances C cures D benefits
8.A threats B interests C functions D differences
9.A locally B heavily C suddenly D mildly
l0.A provide B improve C lack D update
11.A without B with C in D on
12.A moreover B therefore C however D though
13.A other than B more than C less than D rather than
14.A train B automobile C bus D bike
15.A idle B smart C busy D secure
答案與題解：
1. C 本題的答案是carried out(執(zhí)行;完成)。A new examination of urban policies has been carried out 意思上配得上。carried along(攜帶)、carried away(運走)和carried back(運回)與下文的意思搭配不上。
2.D通篇文章討論的是氣候變化對城市的影響及其應(yīng)對措施，并沒有涉及economic (經(jīng)濟的)、industrial (工業(yè)的)和rural (農(nóng)村的)的話題。所以，這三個選項不可能是答案，urban才是答案。
3.A前面一句談到，發(fā)展中國家的飛速成長的城市備受氣候變化的折磨。本句緊接上一句的意思，大多數(shù)城市沒有做到減少二氧化碳的排放量。四個選項中，要選reduce。
4. B 減少的不僅是二氧化碳，還有g(shù)reenhouse gases (溫室氣體)。gases 是答案。
5. C 城市應(yīng)該采取有效的措施應(yīng)對氣候變化。采取措施的目的當然是為了保護城市居民。可是Lankao 發(fā)現(xiàn)這樣做的城市太少了。本題選protect 最合適。
6.D前面說到大多數(shù)城市沒有做到減少或控制二氧化碳的排放量。這說明Cities are major sources of greenhouse gases(城市是溫室氣體的主要來源)，不會是doubtful sources (不能確定的來源), possible sources(可能的來源)，更不會是repeatable sources(不斷重復(fù)的來源)。
7.D城市居民最易受氣候變化的傷害，所以 Lankao 建議地方政府要進行政策介入以降低居民因氣候變化受到的傷害，而這會帶來立即的和長期的益處。因此，uses 、 chances 和cures 可以排除。benefits(益處)才是答案。
8.A 由climate change 引發(fā)的storm surges 和prolonged hot weather 給城市居民造成傷害。
interests 、functions 和differences 這三個詞與storm surges 和prolonged hot weather 造成的傷害掛不上號，不會是答案。storm surges 和prolonged hot weather 對城市居民會構(gòu)成威脅。因此threats 才是答案。
9. B 為什么prolonged hot weather 對城市居民造成的傷害超過對其周邊地區(qū)居民造成的傷害?因為城市道路是大量鋪設(shè)瀝青的道路。heavily 是答案。其他三個選項不符合上述意思。
10.C 貧窮社區(qū)更易受到傷害，句子給出有關(guān)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的各個方面。貧窮社區(qū)的基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施一定是不盡如人意的。所以要選lack。
11.A貧窮國家許多人住在不符合標準的房子里。下面提到reliable thinking water、roads 和basic services 這些基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施，從上下文判斷，貧窮居民不會享有這些基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施。所以選without 比較合理。
12.B 本題的答案是therefore。上文說的是氣候變化給城鎮(zhèn)居民帶來的種種問題。下文說的是地方政府應(yīng)該采取相應(yīng)的對策以保護城鎮(zhèn)居民。兩部分的敘述是一種因果關(guān)系，所以要選therefore。
13.D rhetoric responses (言辭反應(yīng)，即用言語予以搪塞的反應(yīng))和meaningful responses (有意義的反應(yīng))是兩種截然不同的反應(yīng)。地方政府的反應(yīng)是前者還是后者?隨后的句子，特別是a hands-off approach，說明地方政府作出的是rhetoric responses，而不是meaningful responses 。所以本題要選rather than(而不是)。
14.B 句中的emphasize mass transit提示，要減少的運輸工具不會是大眾交通工具，因此選項中的train 和bus便可排除。bike 是人力驅(qū)動，不會釋放二氧化碳，也可排除。答案是automobile 。私人汽車排放大量的二氧化碳，是城市主要的污染源之一。
15. A . . many local governments are taking a hands-off approach 中的a hands-offapproach 提示， Lankao 敦促地方政府改變的一定是他們無所作為( idle) 的政策。idle 是正確的選擇。
