4.The passage is primarily concerned with problem of________． A．history and economics B．society and population C．biology and physics D．theology and philosophy 解析:選D.主旨大意題.整篇文章都傳遞了這兩個內容,特別是哲學推理論說.

　　閱讀教程 Module 3　The Four Corners Of The World 選修

　　閱讀教程 考點串講?講練互動 作者意圖、觀點類閱讀 作者觀點態(tài)度題就是指針對作者的寫作意 圖、觀點態(tài)度和對事件的評價設問的閱讀理解題目.作者在文章中不僅客觀地進行敘述和說明,往往還持有某種態(tài)度,如對某一觀點或贊同或反對,或肯定或批評. 因此這類題主要考查學生對作者的觀點、感情、態(tài)度、寫作目的和意圖的理解能力. 作者的觀點和態(tài)度除了直接表達外,還經常在文章中間接表達出來.考生可以通過全文的敘述,從文章的主要內容去理解作者的觀點;有時作者也會在文章中用特殊的詞匯表達自己的思想感情.同學們要從文章中的用詞、語氣或對某個細節(jié)的陳述來推斷作者的態(tài)度、觀點等. 觀點態(tài)度題的題干形式:作者態(tài)度觀點題考查目標比較明確,題干一般都含有according to the writer, attitude,opinion, believe, consider, regard等詞或短語.這類題目除了考查作者在整篇文章中所表現的態(tài)度和寫作意圖外,有的還考查作者對具體的某個人或事物的態(tài)度或評價.作者觀點態(tài)度題的題干主要有以下幾種形式: (1) What is the purpose of the text?/The purpose of the passage is to ________． (2) What is the opinion of the writer in this passage? (3) What’s the author’s attitude towards...? (4) Who are the intended readers of the passage? (5) What does the author mean by saying“...”? (6) From the...paragraph, what do you think the author wants to tell us? 作者觀點態(tài)度題的解題方法:作者的態(tài)度和立場一般分為三大類:支持、贊同、樂觀;客觀、中立;反對、批評、懷疑、悲觀.同學們除了可以通過在文中尋找?guī)в懈星樯实脑~來判斷作者的態(tài)度外,有時還需要綜合運用一些閱讀方法, 如:根據文章中與問題相關的細節(jié)做出判斷,根據作者提供的例證推斷其暗示的態(tài)度、觀點,有時還需要同學們通讀全文并把握文章的主旨,最后做出正確選擇.下面我們以2011年部分省市高考題為例,具體分析作者觀點態(tài)度題的解題方法.

　　(2011年高考北京卷) As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries,a new electrical generating(發(fā)電)and transmission(輸送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West,for better or worse.Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, 例 but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community.The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around. The 19th century saw land grants(政府撥地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads,leaving public land in between privately owned land.In much of the West, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped,and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management.With the completion of the interstate highway system,many of the small towns,which sprang up as railway stops and developed well,have lost their lifeblood and died. Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West. This is not an argument against building them.We need alternative energy badly,and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now. So trade-offs will have to be made. Some scenic spots will be sacrificed.Some species (物種) will be forced to move,or will be carefully moved to special accommodations.Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects. The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter.The 21st century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region.There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good.But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways. The money set aside in negotiated trade-offs and the institutions that control it will shape the West far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines.So let’s remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West. 69.What is the author’s attitude towards building solar plants? A. Cautious.

　　B. Approving. C. Doubtful.

　　D. Disapproving. 【解析】　態(tài)度題.作者由鐵路和高速公路在西部建設過程中出現的好的和壞的影響來說明solar plants在西部建設中也會出現同樣的問題. 【答案】　A 跟蹤訓練 Shams and delusions are esteemed for soundest truths, while reality is fabulous. If men would steadily observe realities only, and not allow themselves to be deluded, life, to compare it with such things as we know, would be like a fairy tale and the Arabian Nights’ Entertainments.

　　If we respected only what is inevitable and has a right to be,music and poetry would resound along the streets. When we are unhurried and wise, we perceive that only great and worthy things have any permanent and absolute existence, --that petty fears and petty pleasure are but the shadow of reality. This is always exhilarating and sublime.

　　By closing the eyes and slumbering, by consenting to be deceived by shows, men establish and confirm their daily life of routine and habit everywhere, which still is built on purely illusory foundation. Children, who play life, discern its true law and relations more clearly than men, who fail to live worthily, but who think that they are wiser by experience,

　　that is, by failure. I have read in a Hindoo book, that “there was a king’s son, who, being expelled in infancy from his native city, was brought up by a forester, and, growing up to maturity in that state, imagined himself to belong to the barbarous race with which be lived. One of his father’s ministers having discovered him, revealed to him what he was,

　　and the misconception of his character was removed, and he knew himself to be a prince. So soul, from the circumstances in which it is placed, mistakes its own character, until the truth is revealed to it by some holy teacher, and then it knows itself to be Brahme.” We think that that is which appears to be.

　　If a man should give us an account of the realities he beheld, we should not recognize the place in his description. Look at a meeting-house, or a court-house, or a jail, or a shop. Or a dwelling-house, and say what that thing really is before a true gaze, and they would all go to pieces in your account of them. Men esteem truth remote,

　　in the outskirts of the system, behind the farthest star, before Adam and after the last man. In eternity there is indeed something true and sublime. But all these times and places and occasions are now and here. God himself culminates in the present moment, and will never be more divine in the lapse of all ages.

　　And we are enabled to apprehend at all what is sublime and noble only by the perpetual instilling and drenching of the reality that surrounds us. The universe constantly and obediently answers to our conceptions; whether we travel fast or slow,

　　the track is laid for us. Let us spend our lives in conceiving then. The poet or the artist never yet had as fair and noble a design but some of his posterity at least could accomplish it.

　　1.The writer’s attitude toward the arts is one of________． A. admiration　 B. indifference C. suspicion

　　D. repulsion 解析:選A.作者意圖判斷題.本文第三句“如果我們只尊重必然的東西,尊重有權威成為必然的東西,那么音樂和詩歌會重新在街上唱誦.”本文最后一句“雖然詩人或藝術從來沒有如此美好和崇高的設想,但他們有些后代至少會達到這一步的.”這些都說明作者把藝術視為崇高和美好,不是被蒙蔽的東西. 2.The author believes that a child________． A. should practice what the Hindoos preach B. frequently faces vital problems better than grown-ups do C. hardly ever knows his true origin D. is incapable of appreciating the arts 解析:選B.作者意圖判斷題.孩子們常常比成人更好地面對各種問題.本文第七句“孩子們游戲生活(整天只知道玩兒),卻比難以很好的生活的成人們更清楚的分辨出顯示生活的真正規(guī)律和種種關系.” 3.The author is primarily concerned with urging the reader to________． A. look to the future for enlightenment B. appraise the present for its true value C. honor the wisdom of the past ages D. spend more time in leisure activities 解析:選B.細節(jié)判斷題.珍視目前的真正價值.這在文章倒數第七句“永恒中,確實有真實和崇高的東西存在.但是所有這一切時間,地點,機遇都是在此時此地.上帝本身在現時達到了頂峰.在今后流逝的歲月中,它絕不會更加神圣崇高.我們只有長期不斷地灌輸和浸潤在周圍現實之中,才能理解什么是崇高和神圣的東西.不論我們的步伐快還是慢,路線已為我們鋪定.那就讓我們的生命在體會感受中度過.”作者強調現實才是人們應該抓住的.

　　4.The passage is primarily concerned with problem of________． A．history and economics B．society and population C．biology and physics D．theology and philosophy 解析:選D.主旨大意題.整篇文章都傳遞了這兩個內容,特別是哲學推理論說.

　　閱讀教程 Module 3　The Four Corners Of The World 選修

　　閱讀教程 考點串講?講練互動 作者意圖、觀點類閱讀 作者觀點態(tài)度題就是指針對作者的寫作意 圖、觀點態(tài)度和對事件的評價設問的閱讀理解題目.作者在文章中不僅客觀地進行敘述和說明,往往還持有某種態(tài)度,如對某一觀點或贊同或反對,或肯定或批評. 因此這類題主要考查學生對作者的觀點、感情、態(tài)度、寫作目的和意圖的理解能力. 作者的觀點和態(tài)度除了直接表達外,還經常在文章中間接表達出來.考生可以通過全文的敘述,從文章的主要內容去理解作者的觀點;有時作者也會在文章中用特殊的詞匯表達自己的思想感情.同學們要從文章中的用詞、語氣或對某個細節(jié)的陳述來推斷作者的態(tài)度、觀點等. 觀點態(tài)度題的題干形式:作者態(tài)度觀點題考查目標比較明確,題干一般都含有according to the writer, attitude,opinion, believe, consider, regard等詞或短語.這類題目除了考查作者在整篇文章中所表現的態(tài)度和寫作意圖外,有的還考查作者對具體的某個人或事物的態(tài)度或評價.作者觀點態(tài)度題的題干主要有以下幾種形式: (1) What is the purpose of the text?/The purpose of the passage is to ________． (2) What is the opinion of the writer in this passage? (3) What’s the author’s attitude towards...? (4) Who are the intended readers of the passage? (5) What does the author mean by saying“...”? (6) From the...paragraph, what do you think the author wants to tell us? 作者觀點態(tài)度題的解題方法:作者的態(tài)度和立場一般分為三大類:支持、贊同、樂觀;客觀、中立;反對、批評、懷疑、悲觀.同學們除了可以通過在文中尋找?guī)в懈星樯实脑~來判斷作者的態(tài)度外,有時還需要綜合運用一些閱讀方法, 如:根據文章中與問題相關的細節(jié)做出判斷,根據作者提供的例證推斷其暗示的態(tài)度、觀點,有時還需要同學們通讀全文并把握文章的主旨,最后做出正確選擇.下面我們以2011年部分省市高考題為例,具體分析作者觀點態(tài)度題的解題方法.

　　(2011年高考北京卷) As the railroads and the highways shaped the American West in the past centuries,a new electrical generating(發(fā)電)and transmission(輸送) system for the 21st century will leave a lasting mark on the West,for better or worse.Much of the real significance of railroads and highways is not in their direct physical effect on the scenery, 例 but in the ways that they affect the surrounding community.The same is true of big solar plants and the power lines that will be laid down to move electricity around. The 19th century saw land grants(政府撥地) offered to railroad companies to build the transcontinental railroads,leaving public land in between privately owned land.In much of the West, some of the railroad sections were developed while others remained undeveloped,and in both cases the landownership has presented unique challenges to land management.With the completion of the interstate highway system,many of the small towns,which sprang up as railway stops and developed well,have lost their lifeblood and died. Big solar plants and their power lines will also have effects far beyond their direct footprint in the West. This is not an argument against building them.We need alternative energy badly,and to really take advantage of it we need to be able to move electricity around far more readily than we can now. So trade-offs will have to be made. Some scenic spots will be sacrificed.Some species (物種) will be forced to move,or will be carefully moved to special accommodations.Deals will be struck to reduce the immediate effects. The lasting effects of these trade-offs are another matter.The 21st century development of the American West as an ideal place for alternative energy is going to throw off a lot of power and money in the region.There are chances for that power and money to do a lot of good.But it is just as likely that they will be spent wastefully and will leave new problems behind, just like the railroads and the highways. The money set aside in negotiated trade-offs and the institutions that control it will shape the West far beyond the immediate footprint of power plants and transmission lines.So let’s remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West. 69.What is the author’s attitude towards building solar plants? A. Cautious.

　　B. Approving. C. Doubtful.

　　D. Disapproving. 【解析】　態(tài)度題.作者由鐵路和高速公路在西部建設過程中出現的好的和壞的影響來說明solar plants在西部建設中也會出現同樣的問題. 【答案】　A 跟蹤訓練 Shams and delusions are esteemed for soundest truths, while reality is fabulous. If men would steadily observe realities only, and not allow themselves to be deluded, life, to compare it with such things as we know, would be like a fairy tale and the Arabian Nights’ Entertainments.

　　If we respected only what is inevitable and has a right to be,music and poetry would resound along the streets. When we are unhurried and wise, we perceive that only great and worthy things have any permanent and absolute existence, --that petty fears and petty pleasure are but the shadow of reality. This is always exhilarating and sublime.

　　By closing the eyes and slumbering, by consenting to be deceived by shows, men establish and confirm their daily life of routine and habit everywhere, which still is built on purely illusory foundation. Children, who play life, discern its true law and relations more clearly than men, who fail to live worthily, but who think that they are wiser by experience,

　　that is, by failure. I have read in a Hindoo book, that “there was a king’s son, who, being expelled in infancy from his native city, was brought up by a forester, and, growing up to maturity in that state, imagined himself to belong to the barbarous race with which be lived. One of his father’s ministers having discovered him, revealed to him what he was,

　　and the misconception of his character was removed, and he knew himself to be a prince. So soul, from the circumstances in which it is placed, mistakes its own character, until the truth is revealed to it by some holy teacher, and then it knows itself to be Brahme.” We think that that is which appears to be.

　　If a man should give us an account of the realities he beheld, we should not recognize the place in his description. Look at a meeting-house, or a court-house, or a jail, or a shop. Or a dwelling-house, and say what that thing really is before a true gaze, and they would all go to pieces in your account of them. Men esteem truth remote,

　　in the outskirts of the system, behind the farthest star, before Adam and after the last man. In eternity there is indeed something true and sublime. But all these times and places and occasions are now and here. God himself culminates in the present moment, and will never be more divine in the lapse of all ages.

　　And we are enabled to apprehend at all what is sublime and noble only by the perpetual instilling and drenching of the reality that surrounds us. The universe constantly and obediently answers to our conceptions; whether we travel fast or slow,

　　the track is laid for us. Let us spend our lives in conceiving then. The poet or the artist never yet had as fair and noble a design but some of his posterity at least could accomplish it.

　　1.The writer’s attitude toward the arts is one of________． A. admiration　 B. indifference C. suspicion

　　D. repulsion 解析:選A.作者意圖判斷題.本文第三句“如果我們只尊重必然的東西,尊重有權威成為必然的東西,那么音樂和詩歌會重新在街上唱誦.”本文最后一句“雖然詩人或藝術從來沒有如此美好和崇高的設想,但他們有些后代至少會達到這一步的.”這些都說明作者把藝術視為崇高和美好,不是被蒙蔽的東西. 2.The author believes that a child________． A. should practice what the Hindoos preach B. frequently faces vital problems better than grown-ups do C. hardly ever knows his true origin D. is incapable of appreciating the arts 解析:選B.作者意圖判斷題.孩子們常常比成人更好地面對各種問題.本文第七句“孩子們游戲生活(整天只知道玩兒),卻比難以很好的生活的成人們更清楚的分辨出顯示生活的真正規(guī)律和種種關系.” 3.The author is primarily concerned with urging the reader to________． A. look to the future for enlightenment B. appraise the present for its true value C. honor the wisdom of the past ages D. spend more time in leisure activities 解析:選B.細節(jié)判斷題.珍視目前的真正價值.這在文章倒數第七句“永恒中,確實有真實和崇高的東西存在.但是所有這一切時間,地點,機遇都是在此時此地.上帝本身在現時達到了頂峰.在今后流逝的歲月中,它絕不會更加神圣崇高.我們只有長期不斷地灌輸和浸潤在周圍現實之中,才能理解什么是崇高和神圣的東西.不論我們的步伐快還是慢,路線已為我們鋪定.那就讓我們的生命在體會感受中度過.”作者強調現實才是人們應該抓住的.