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2024屆高考英語一輪復習配套課件:語法專項突破八定語從句(共28張PPT)

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2024屆高考英語一輪復習配套課件:語法專項突破八定語從句(共28張PPT)

  目錄 目錄 目錄 八、定語從句 本講目錄 語法精講考點整合 語法專練知能闖關 語法精講考點整合 1.(2024·高考江蘇卷)After the flooding,people were suffering in that area,________ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive. A.which

  B.who C.where

  D.what 經典品味 考點一

  關系代詞引導的定語從句 解析:選B。考查非限制性定語從句。解答本題的關鍵是找準先行詞。靠近定語從句的是in that area,考生易錯選C,但定語從句缺少的是主語,關系副詞不能作主語,可排除。what不能引導定語從句。根據定語從句的urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive可知,需要干凈的水、藥品和避難所的是人(people),而不是that area或flooding,所以先行詞為人,A項也可排除,故選B。

  2.(2011·高考四川卷)The school shop,________ customers are mainly students,is closed for the holidays. A.which

  B.whose C.when

  D.where 解析:選B。句意:這家校內商店放假時關門,它的顧客主要是學生。考查定語從句。本句沒有并列連詞也沒有從屬連 詞,故可判斷逗號后面是非限制性定語從句;本句先行詞是the school shop,還原到從句后為:The school shop’s customers are mainly students.因此選B,用whose引導定語從句,關系代詞whose在從句中作定語。 3.(2024·高考浙江卷)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature,________,for some reason,had withdrawn from all human society. A.which

  B.who C.where

  D.whom 解析:選B。考查非限制性定語從句。句意:埃倫是一個畫鳥類和自然的畫家,出于某種原因,他已退出了所有的社會活動。for some reason為插入語,可將其去掉,這時可以注意到該復合句中從句缺少主語。根據從句的語意可確定該從句的主語應是指人的,由此可確定答案。該從句為非限制性定語從句,其先行詞為a painter。值得注意的是,有的考生誤將birds和nature作為從句的先行詞,從而錯選which。 4.(2024·高考山東卷)Maria has written two novels,both of ________ have been made into television series. A.them

  B.that C.which

  D.what 解析:選C。考查定語從句。句意:瑪麗婭已寫了兩部小說,它們都已被拍成了電視劇。分析題干結構可以看出:Maria has written two novels是一個完整的含“主謂賓”的句子。如果后半句也是個完整的句子的話,那么題干中的兩個分句中間缺少連接詞and,故A項不正確。由此不難看出空格處應用關系代詞which引導非限制性定語從句,which代替先行詞two novels。that作關系代詞不能放于介詞之后;what不能引導定語從句。分清句子結構是解答本題的關鍵。 1.whose是一個表示所屬關系的詞,在定語從句中作定語,of which可以代替whose指物, 詞序一般是名詞+of which或of which+名詞。of whom可以代替whose指人,詞序是名詞+of whom。 Many children,whose parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village.父母親在大城市里打工的許多孩子在村莊里被照顧的非常好。 The old temple whose roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair. 那座在暴風雨中屋頂受損的古廟現在正在維修中。 要點濃縮 2.which,that所代替的先行詞是表示事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等。 先行詞既有人又有物時,關系代詞用that;which代指前面整個句子內容。 They talked for about an hour of things and people that they remembered in the school. 關于他們記得的上學時的人和事,他們討論了大約一小時。 The Internet is a huge computer system which/that allows millions of people around the world to share information. 因特網是一個龐大的計算機系統,它使得世界上成千上萬的人們共享信息成為可能。 3.who,whom,that這些詞代替的先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等。 (2010·高考浙江卷)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people,many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.近千人在這個社區居住,他們當中很多都是從農村老家來城市尋求更好的日子的。

  1.(2011·高考重慶卷)Sales director is a position________communication ability is just as important as sales skills. A.which

  B.that C.when

  D.where 經典品味 考點二

  關系副詞引導的定語從句 解析:選D。考查定語從句。句意:導購員是一個溝通能力和銷售能力同樣重要的職位。分析題干可知a position后是一個定語從句,而該從句的引導詞在從句中作地點狀語,即in which=in the position=where,故選D。在定語從句中,當position,point,case,stage,situation等表示抽象地點的名詞充當先行詞時,若定語從句中缺少狀語,則用where來引導定語從句。 2.(2011·高考陜西卷)I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends,________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. A.which

  B.where C.who

  D.that 解析:選B。句意:我和朋友們一起登上山頂,從山頂上我們欣賞了湖光美景。本題考查定語從句。本句中沒有并列連詞也沒有從屬連詞,故判斷逗號后為非限制性定語從句。先行詞為the top of the hill,還原到從句后為:on the top of the hill we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake,由此可見先行詞在從句中作地點狀語,故選擇B項where。 3.(2024·高考浙江卷)We live in an age ________ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A.why

  B.when C.to whom

  D.on which 解析:選B。考查定語從句。句意:在我們生活的這個時代,有更多的信息可以比以往任何時候都更加容易獲得。該句為主從復合句,an age為先行詞,空格處引導定語從句并在從句中作時間狀語,故用when。 1.關系副詞在定語從句中作狀語,when指時間,where指 地點,why指原因,在定語從句中分別作時間狀語、地點狀語和原因狀語。 Occasions are quite rare when I have time to spend a day with my kids.我有時間和孩子們一起度過一天的機會很少。 After graduation I’d like to find a job where I can use what I have learnt at school. 畢業后我要找到一份能利用在學校所學知識的一份工作。 要點濃縮 2.先行詞是時間名詞或地點名詞時,如果在從句中不作狀 語,則不能用when或where引導定語從句,而要用which/that。 Is this the reason (that/which) he gave us for the delay of the project?這是他給出工程推遲的原因嗎? 1.(2011·高考湖南卷)Julie was good at German,French and Russian,all of________ she spoke fluently. A.who B.whom C.which

  D.that 解析:選C。句意:Julie擅長德語、法語和俄語,所有的(三門語言)她都說得很流利。先行詞為German,French,Russian,代入定語從句后為:She spoke all of the three languages fluently.由此可見,先行詞在定語從句中作of的賓 語,先行詞指“物”,且介詞提前,故用which。 考點三 “介詞+which/whom”中介詞的確定 經典品味 2.The engineer spoke highly of the government’s efforts,________he owed his safe return from Libya. A.through which

  B.to which C.with whom

  D.for whom 解析:選B。考查定語從句。先行詞為the government’s efforts,故應用關系代詞which。owe sth.to...“把某事歸功于……”,故選B項。

  3.(2024·江蘇省蘇中三市聯合調研)Shopping on the Internet has a lot of advantages,________the most important is perhaps its convenience. A.of which

  B.whose C.that

  D.in which 解析:選A。考查定語從句。句意:在因特網上購物有很多優點,其中最重要的也許是它的便利。分析句子結構和語意可知,此處定語從句修飾advantages,表示其中的某一部分,故選擇of which,也可以寫成the most important of which。

  1.與定語從句中的動詞構成搭配。 In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在漆黑的大街上沒有一個人能為她提供幫助。 2.與定語從句所修飾的先行詞構成搭配。 Patience,without which you can’t do the work well,is a kind of quality.耐心是一種品質。沒有了耐心,你不能做 好工作。 要點濃縮 3.of+which/whom表示所屬關系。(表所屬關系也可用whose) Recently I bought an ancient vase,the price of which(=whose price) was very reasonable. 最近我買了個古代的花瓶,它的價錢很合理。

  1.(2024·濰坊模擬訓練)Our school has developed a learning system __________ students can do a lot of teamwork. A.that B.when C.which

  D.where 解析:選D。考查定語從句。 先行詞a learning system在定語從句中作地點狀語,所以用關系副詞where引導。

  考點四 先行詞為point,case,stage situation等詞時所構成的定語從句 經典品味 2.(2024·河南省五市高三模擬)The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations________ help is needed. A.that

  B.which C.when

  D.where 解析:選D。分析句子結構可知,本題考查定語從句的引導 詞,引導詞在定語從句中作地點狀語,故用where,相當于in which。

  3.(2024·云南檢測)—Do you have anything to say for yourselves? —Yes,there’s one point________we must insist on. A.why

  B.where C.how

  D./ 解析:選D。the point作介詞on的賓語,因此應選用關系代詞或者省略。

  point,situation,case,activity等,從表面上看它們不是表地點的,但卻表示類似地點的意義,因此它們作先行詞時,如果引導詞在從句中作狀語,那么這個引導詞要用where;如果不作狀語,則用關系代詞that/which。 It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves different.(where作狀語) 把孩子放在一個能使他們從另外一個角度認識自己的環境中對他們有益。 要點濃縮 I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own. 我已經到了應該自己作決定的那個人生階段。 Now there is just one point that/which I wish you make quite clear.(which/that作賓語) 現在只有一點我希望你弄清楚。

  目錄 目錄 目錄 八、定語從句 本講目錄 語法精講考點整合 語法專練知能闖關 語法精講考點整合 1.(2024·高考江蘇卷)After the flooding,people were suffering in that area,________ urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive. A.which

  B.who C.where

  D.what 經典品味 考點一

  關系代詞引導的定語從句 解析:選B。考查非限制性定語從句。解答本題的關鍵是找準先行詞。靠近定語從句的是in that area,考生易錯選C,但定語從句缺少的是主語,關系副詞不能作主語,可排除。what不能引導定語從句。根據定語從句的urgently needed clean water,medicine and shelter to survive可知,需要干凈的水、藥品和避難所的是人(people),而不是that area或flooding,所以先行詞為人,A項也可排除,故選B。

  2.(2011·高考四川卷)The school shop,________ customers are mainly students,is closed for the holidays. A.which

  B.whose C.when

  D.where 解析:選B。句意:這家校內商店放假時關門,它的顧客主要是學生。考查定語從句。本句沒有并列連詞也沒有從屬連 詞,故可判斷逗號后面是非限制性定語從句;本句先行詞是the school shop,還原到從句后為:The school shop’s customers are mainly students.因此選B,用whose引導定語從句,關系代詞whose在從句中作定語。 3.(2024·高考浙江卷)Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature,________,for some reason,had withdrawn from all human society. A.which

  B.who C.where

  D.whom 解析:選B。考查非限制性定語從句。句意:埃倫是一個畫鳥類和自然的畫家,出于某種原因,他已退出了所有的社會活動。for some reason為插入語,可將其去掉,這時可以注意到該復合句中從句缺少主語。根據從句的語意可確定該從句的主語應是指人的,由此可確定答案。該從句為非限制性定語從句,其先行詞為a painter。值得注意的是,有的考生誤將birds和nature作為從句的先行詞,從而錯選which。 4.(2024·高考山東卷)Maria has written two novels,both of ________ have been made into television series. A.them

  B.that C.which

  D.what 解析:選C。考查定語從句。句意:瑪麗婭已寫了兩部小說,它們都已被拍成了電視劇。分析題干結構可以看出:Maria has written two novels是一個完整的含“主謂賓”的句子。如果后半句也是個完整的句子的話,那么題干中的兩個分句中間缺少連接詞and,故A項不正確。由此不難看出空格處應用關系代詞which引導非限制性定語從句,which代替先行詞two novels。that作關系代詞不能放于介詞之后;what不能引導定語從句。分清句子結構是解答本題的關鍵。 1.whose是一個表示所屬關系的詞,在定語從句中作定語,of which可以代替whose指物, 詞序一般是名詞+of which或of which+名詞。of whom可以代替whose指人,詞序是名詞+of whom。 Many children,whose parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village.父母親在大城市里打工的許多孩子在村莊里被照顧的非常好。 The old temple whose roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair. 那座在暴風雨中屋頂受損的古廟現在正在維修中。 要點濃縮 2.which,that所代替的先行詞是表示事物的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等。 先行詞既有人又有物時,關系代詞用that;which代指前面整個句子內容。 They talked for about an hour of things and people that they remembered in the school. 關于他們記得的上學時的人和事,他們討論了大約一小時。 The Internet is a huge computer system which/that allows millions of people around the world to share information. 因特網是一個龐大的計算機系統,它使得世界上成千上萬的人們共享信息成為可能。 3.who,whom,that這些詞代替的先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞,在從句中可作主語、賓語等。 (2010·高考浙江卷)The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people,many of whom left their village homes for a better life in the city.近千人在這個社區居住,他們當中很多都是從農村老家來城市尋求更好的日子的。

  1.(2011·高考重慶卷)Sales director is a position________communication ability is just as important as sales skills. A.which

  B.that C.when

  D.where 經典品味 考點二

  關系副詞引導的定語從句 解析:選D。考查定語從句。句意:導購員是一個溝通能力和銷售能力同樣重要的職位。分析題干可知a position后是一個定語從句,而該從句的引導詞在從句中作地點狀語,即in which=in the position=where,故選D。在定語從句中,當position,point,case,stage,situation等表示抽象地點的名詞充當先行詞時,若定語從句中缺少狀語,則用where來引導定語從句。 2.(2011·高考陜西卷)I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends,________ we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. A.which

  B.where C.who

  D.that 解析:選B。句意:我和朋友們一起登上山頂,從山頂上我們欣賞了湖光美景。本題考查定語從句。本句中沒有并列連詞也沒有從屬連詞,故判斷逗號后為非限制性定語從句。先行詞為the top of the hill,還原到從句后為:on the top of the hill we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake,由此可見先行詞在從句中作地點狀語,故選擇B項where。 3.(2024·高考浙江卷)We live in an age ________ more information is available with greater ease than ever before. A.why

  B.when C.to whom

  D.on which 解析:選B。考查定語從句。句意:在我們生活的這個時代,有更多的信息可以比以往任何時候都更加容易獲得。該句為主從復合句,an age為先行詞,空格處引導定語從句并在從句中作時間狀語,故用when。 1.關系副詞在定語從句中作狀語,when指時間,where指 地點,why指原因,在定語從句中分別作時間狀語、地點狀語和原因狀語。 Occasions are quite rare when I have time to spend a day with my kids.我有時間和孩子們一起度過一天的機會很少。 After graduation I’d like to find a job where I can use what I have learnt at school. 畢業后我要找到一份能利用在學校所學知識的一份工作。 要點濃縮 2.先行詞是時間名詞或地點名詞時,如果在從句中不作狀 語,則不能用when或where引導定語從句,而要用which/that。 Is this the reason (that/which) he gave us for the delay of the project?這是他給出工程推遲的原因嗎? 1.(2011·高考湖南卷)Julie was good at German,French and Russian,all of________ she spoke fluently. A.who B.whom C.which

  D.that 解析:選C。句意:Julie擅長德語、法語和俄語,所有的(三門語言)她都說得很流利。先行詞為German,French,Russian,代入定語從句后為:She spoke all of the three languages fluently.由此可見,先行詞在定語從句中作of的賓 語,先行詞指“物”,且介詞提前,故用which。 考點三 “介詞+which/whom”中介詞的確定 經典品味 2.The engineer spoke highly of the government’s efforts,________he owed his safe return from Libya. A.through which

  B.to which C.with whom

  D.for whom 解析:選B。考查定語從句。先行詞為the government’s efforts,故應用關系代詞which。owe sth.to...“把某事歸功于……”,故選B項。

  3.(2024·江蘇省蘇中三市聯合調研)Shopping on the Internet has a lot of advantages,________the most important is perhaps its convenience. A.of which

  B.whose C.that

  D.in which 解析:選A。考查定語從句。句意:在因特網上購物有很多優點,其中最重要的也許是它的便利。分析句子結構和語意可知,此處定語從句修飾advantages,表示其中的某一部分,故選擇of which,也可以寫成the most important of which。

  1.與定語從句中的動詞構成搭配。 In the dark street,there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help. 在漆黑的大街上沒有一個人能為她提供幫助。 2.與定語從句所修飾的先行詞構成搭配。 Patience,without which you can’t do the work well,is a kind of quality.耐心是一種品質。沒有了耐心,你不能做 好工作。 要點濃縮 3.of+which/whom表示所屬關系。(表所屬關系也可用whose) Recently I bought an ancient vase,the price of which(=whose price) was very reasonable. 最近我買了個古代的花瓶,它的價錢很合理。

  1.(2024·濰坊模擬訓練)Our school has developed a learning system __________ students can do a lot of teamwork. A.that B.when C.which

  D.where 解析:選D。考查定語從句。 先行詞a learning system在定語從句中作地點狀語,所以用關系副詞where引導。

  考點四 先行詞為point,case,stage situation等詞時所構成的定語從句 經典品味 2.(2024·河南省五市高三模擬)The media can often help solve problems and draw attention to situations________ help is needed. A.that

  B.which C.when

  D.where 解析:選D。分析句子結構可知,本題考查定語從句的引導 詞,引導詞在定語從句中作地點狀語,故用where,相當于in which。

  3.(2024·云南檢測)—Do you have anything to say for yourselves? —Yes,there’s one point________we must insist on. A.why

  B.where C.how

  D./ 解析:選D。the point作介詞on的賓語,因此應選用關系代詞或者省略。

  point,situation,case,activity等,從表面上看它們不是表地點的,但卻表示類似地點的意義,因此它們作先行詞時,如果引導詞在從句中作狀語,那么這個引導詞要用where;如果不作狀語,則用關系代詞that/which。 It’s helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves different.(where作狀語) 把孩子放在一個能使他們從另外一個角度認識自己的環境中對他們有益。 要點濃縮 I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own. 我已經到了應該自己作決定的那個人生階段。 Now there is just one point that/which I wish you make quite clear.(which/that作賓語) 現在只有一點我希望你弄清楚。

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