2024屆高考英語基礎詞匯解讀:必修3module5greatpeopleandgreatinventionofancientchina
Module 5
Great people and Great Inventions of Ancient China
Explanations for new words and phrases
1.equal:
adj. 相等的;勝任的;vt. 等于;抵得上;n. 同等/相等的人或物導學P-1
equally:
adv. 相等地;也
equality:
n. 平等
A equals B in...A在…方面比得上B
be without equal/have no equal 無與倫比
be equal to+n./doing sth.等于;與…相等;有…的能力(勇氣、力量等);勝任,能干
2.ordern. 次順序;秩序;整齊;命令;訂購訂單;點飯(菜);導學P-2
1) in order of:以…的順序
give/place an order for sth. with sb.…訂購…give/take orders:下達/接受命令in order:井然有序
out of order 雜亂無章的,違反規程的,故障
under the orders of 受…指揮
on order 訂購
2) vt. 命令;訂購;安排order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb.為某人訂購…
The doctor ordered her to take a good rest.
I’ve ordered you eggs and chips.
He ordered his son a new suit.
辨析:order /command /instruct: 都含有“命令,指揮,指示”的意思。 order常用詞,“非正式或個人之間下的命令”,可作動詞,也可作名詞,跟名詞性從句中用虛擬語氣。She ordered the baggage to be brought to the hotel. command:指“權威方面正式下令”,可作動詞,也可作名詞,其所跟名詞性從句也要用虛擬語氣。The general commanded his men to attack the city. instruct:含義是“指示,命令,指導”,屬正式用語,強調“有系統地指導”。She instructed him(in) how to do the experiment.
3.stress n.壓力,重壓;強調;重音;vt. 著重;強調;重讀導學P-1
stressed: adj. 焦慮的,緊張的(不位于名詞前,且常修飾人) stressful: adj. 產生壓力的,使緊迫的
lay/place/put stress on把重點放在…上;在…上用力
under the stress of:為…所迫
cause/reduce stress造成/減少壓力
stress the importance of:強調…的重要性
4.resign v. 辭職;放棄(工作,職位等)
resignation: n. 放棄,辭職導學P-2
resign from... 辭去…職務
resign oneself to (doing) sth... 聽任(某種影響);只好(做某事) resign sb. to... 把某人托交給……
resign oneself to extinction 束手待斃
contribution: n.貢獻;稿件 導學P-2
make contributions to (doing) sth.: 對(做)某事做出貢獻
Charlie Chaplin made a great contribution to the film industry.contribute: vt.& vi. 捐贈捐款,貢獻出,有助于投稿常和to搭配contribute (sth.) to/towards sth.:向…捐贈…,向…投稿
contribute to sth.促成某事物
Cigarette smoking is a major factor which contributes to cancer.
吸煙是導致癌癥的主要因素。
adj. 軟的柔軟的;(聲音)溫柔輕柔的; (顏色光線)柔和的; 柔弱嬌嫩的; 溫和和藹的; 不含酒精的.Snail is a small plant-eating creature with a soft body.
蝸牛是一種軟體草食動物。
The soft music put her to sleep.柔和的音樂使她睡著了。
The dog has a soft, silky coat.這條狗有一身柔滑而有光澤的皮毛。
Baby has a soft skin. 嬰兒皮膚很細嫩。Kids were getting soft these days. 孩子如今變得嬌嫩了。
You are too soft with him.你對他太溫和了。
Coca-cola is a soft drink.可口可樂是一種不含酒精的軟性飲料。
.condition n. [U]狀態,狀況 [C]條件the condition of affairs事態導學Pbe in good condition (=be in a good state)(人) 健康狀況好;(東西)保存/保養得好 out of / in bad condition
(人) 身體不適健康狀況不佳;(物)保養得不好conditions of success 成功的條件 (常用復數形式) 環境,情況,形勢working/living/housing conditions 工作/生活/居住條件 economic conditions 經濟形勢in difficult conditions 在困難的條件下in/under favorable conditions 在有利的形勢下 on condition that...(so long as;if)只要條件是…
on this/that condition 在這種/那種條件下
The car is still in good condition. You don't need to buy a new one.
Often, factory workers lived in poor and crowded conditions. 工廠工人常在貧困擁擠的條件下生活。
He is overweight and out of condition. 他太胖了,健康狀況不佳。
The car is still in good condition though it a used one.雖然是舊車但車況良好。
You can go out to play on condition that you finish you homework.完成作業才能出去玩兒。
state:常用詞,指“人或物存在或所處的狀態”,但不著重于“這種狀態和具體原因或條件的關系”。He is in a good state.
situation:指多種具體情況造成的綜合狀態,常著重“這種狀態的影響和處于該狀態的事物的關系”。We are in a difficult situation.
position:指(影響自己的行動能力的)處境、形勢。也可表示職位、地點、位置等。You've put me in a very difficult position.
1.be at war with...:與…交戰
反義短語為be at peace with。 短語中均無冠詞。
導學P57-3Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
古代中國是一個各諸侯不斷發生戰爭之地。a civil war內戰a cold war冷戰declare war on對……宣戰go to war訴諸武力、出征win a war贏得戰爭(在這些短語后使用介詞against接敵方;for接友方,也可接敵方)
“at+n.”構成短語,表示“處于一種什么樣的狀態”at war 在交戰中,在戰爭中
at peace 處于和平狀態
at
在工作
at school在上學
at 在吃飯
at sea在航海 at best 在…的最佳狀態
3) 比較in the war和in battle:
in the war意為“在戰爭中”,in battle強調“處于戰斗之中”,與in the war有時可以通用,不過battle往往指局部戰斗,war指全面戰爭。
bring up 撫養養育;培養;教育;提出;嘔吐導學P He was brought up by his aunt. 他是他嬸嬸養大的。1) 與bring搭配的短語:bring about 引起;致使;造成;達成
bring along/on 帶來bring back 使記起;歸還;恢復bring down 使減低;降低;挫傷(傲氣)bring forth 引起;提出;產生;造成
bring forward 提出;出示;展示bring out拿出;出版;揭露;顯示,解釋 bring to (oneself) 使復蘇 bring in收插入引入;引進引來賺得
2) bring up也可作“嘔吐”解,與throw up同義。例如:
He felt so sick that he brought up everything. 他感到很惡心,把東西全吐出來了。
3) bring up 也可作“提出(供討論)”解。例如:
He brought up a new suggestion at the meeting. 在會上他提出了一個新的設想。
3、become interested in 對……感興趣become(變得)+interested (有興趣)+in(在…)
After graduation, he became interested in planting vegetables. 畢業后,對種菜了興趣。
注意:一般來說,v.ing形容詞有主動或進行的含義,而v.ed形容詞通常有被動或已完成的含義,特別是在表達人的情感或心理變化時,可以用be/get/become+v.ed形式表達。
4、be proud of 為……自豪導學P
Liu Xiang is a man whom China can be proud of. 劉翔是一位讓中國為之自豪的人。
1) 同義詞組take pride in,意“為……自豪”。
2) 聯想be proud to do 為(能)做……自豪;be proud that...自豪的是
3) 辨析be proud of 和be proud about
兩個短語之后都可以接名詞、代詞或動名詞。但有一些差別。
be proud of正當; 或表示尊重,常用于褒義。如:
We are proud of our great motherland. 我們為我們偉大的祖國而自豪。
be proud about自覺了不起,高于別人而盛氣凌人;常用于貶義。如:
We've nothing to be proud about. 我們沒什么值得驕傲的。
in conclusion 總之;最后,作為結束
導學PIn conclusion I think cars are very useful because travel is easy with a car.
總之,我認為車非常有用,因為有了車旅行就容易多了。reach/draw a conclusion 得出結論,下結論come to a conclusion 得出結論;結束 arrive at a conclusion得出下結論jump to conclusions草率地下結論 conclude v.結束;下結論;推斷
conclude that = draw a conclusion that下結論 o conclude: adv. 總而言之,總之,最后
6、for the first time 第一次
With the Industrial Revolution, factories appeared and mass production became possible for the first time.隨著工業革命的開始,工廠出現了,大規模生產第一次成為可能。
與time搭配的特殊結構,相當于連接時間狀語從句的連詞詞組。例如:
the first / second... / last time ... 第一、二次/……上次(最后一次)……
last ( next, any) time...上次/下次/任何時候
each time, every time 每一次/次次
all the time/the whole time 一直;總在
by the time到……時候,常用過去完成時或將來完成時。
Module 5
Great people and Great Inventions of Ancient China
Explanations for new words and phrases
1.equal:
adj. 相等的;勝任的;vt. 等于;抵得上;n. 同等/相等的人或物導學P-1
equally:
adv. 相等地;也
equality:
n. 平等
A equals B in...A在…方面比得上B
be without equal/have no equal 無與倫比
be equal to+n./doing sth.等于;與…相等;有…的能力(勇氣、力量等);勝任,能干
2.ordern. 次順序;秩序;整齊;命令;訂購訂單;點飯(菜);導學P-2
1) in order of:以…的順序
give/place an order for sth. with sb.…訂購…give/take orders:下達/接受命令in order:井然有序
out of order 雜亂無章的,違反規程的,故障
under the orders of 受…指揮
on order 訂購
2) vt. 命令;訂購;安排order sb. sth. = order sth. for sb.為某人訂購…
The doctor ordered her to take a good rest.
I’ve ordered you eggs and chips.
He ordered his son a new suit.
辨析:order /command /instruct: 都含有“命令,指揮,指示”的意思。 order常用詞,“非正式或個人之間下的命令”,可作動詞,也可作名詞,跟名詞性從句中用虛擬語氣。She ordered the baggage to be brought to the hotel. command:指“權威方面正式下令”,可作動詞,也可作名詞,其所跟名詞性從句也要用虛擬語氣。The general commanded his men to attack the city. instruct:含義是“指示,命令,指導”,屬正式用語,強調“有系統地指導”。She instructed him(in) how to do the experiment.
3.stress n.壓力,重壓;強調;重音;vt. 著重;強調;重讀導學P-1
stressed: adj. 焦慮的,緊張的(不位于名詞前,且常修飾人) stressful: adj. 產生壓力的,使緊迫的
lay/place/put stress on把重點放在…上;在…上用力
under the stress of:為…所迫
cause/reduce stress造成/減少壓力
stress the importance of:強調…的重要性
4.resign v. 辭職;放棄(工作,職位等)
resignation: n. 放棄,辭職導學P-2
resign from... 辭去…職務
resign oneself to (doing) sth... 聽任(某種影響);只好(做某事) resign sb. to... 把某人托交給……
resign oneself to extinction 束手待斃
contribution: n.貢獻;稿件 導學P-2
make contributions to (doing) sth.: 對(做)某事做出貢獻
Charlie Chaplin made a great contribution to the film industry.contribute: vt.& vi. 捐贈捐款,貢獻出,有助于投稿常和to搭配contribute (sth.) to/towards sth.:向…捐贈…,向…投稿
contribute to sth.促成某事物
Cigarette smoking is a major factor which contributes to cancer.
吸煙是導致癌癥的主要因素。
adj. 軟的柔軟的;(聲音)溫柔輕柔的; (顏色光線)柔和的; 柔弱嬌嫩的; 溫和和藹的; 不含酒精的.Snail is a small plant-eating creature with a soft body.
蝸牛是一種軟體草食動物。
The soft music put her to sleep.柔和的音樂使她睡著了。
The dog has a soft, silky coat.這條狗有一身柔滑而有光澤的皮毛。
Baby has a soft skin. 嬰兒皮膚很細嫩。Kids were getting soft these days. 孩子如今變得嬌嫩了。
You are too soft with him.你對他太溫和了。
Coca-cola is a soft drink.可口可樂是一種不含酒精的軟性飲料。
.condition n. [U]狀態,狀況 [C]條件the condition of affairs事態導學Pbe in good condition (=be in a good state)(人) 健康狀況好;(東西)保存/保養得好 out of / in bad condition
(人) 身體不適健康狀況不佳;(物)保養得不好conditions of success 成功的條件 (常用復數形式) 環境,情況,形勢working/living/housing conditions 工作/生活/居住條件 economic conditions 經濟形勢in difficult conditions 在困難的條件下in/under favorable conditions 在有利的形勢下 on condition that...(so long as;if)只要條件是…
on this/that condition 在這種/那種條件下
The car is still in good condition. You don't need to buy a new one.
Often, factory workers lived in poor and crowded conditions. 工廠工人常在貧困擁擠的條件下生活。
He is overweight and out of condition. 他太胖了,健康狀況不佳。
The car is still in good condition though it a used one.雖然是舊車但車況良好。
You can go out to play on condition that you finish you homework.完成作業才能出去玩兒。
state:常用詞,指“人或物存在或所處的狀態”,但不著重于“這種狀態和具體原因或條件的關系”。He is in a good state.
situation:指多種具體情況造成的綜合狀態,常著重“這種狀態的影響和處于該狀態的事物的關系”。We are in a difficult situation.
position:指(影響自己的行動能力的)處境、形勢。也可表示職位、地點、位置等。You've put me in a very difficult position.
1.be at war with...:與…交戰
反義短語為be at peace with。 短語中均無冠詞。
導學P57-3Ancient China was a place where states were often at war with each other.
古代中國是一個各諸侯不斷發生戰爭之地。a civil war內戰a cold war冷戰declare war on對……宣戰go to war訴諸武力、出征win a war贏得戰爭(在這些短語后使用介詞against接敵方;for接友方,也可接敵方)
“at+n.”構成短語,表示“處于一種什么樣的狀態”at war 在交戰中,在戰爭中
at peace 處于和平狀態
at
在工作
at school在上學
at 在吃飯
at sea在航海 at best 在…的最佳狀態
3) 比較in the war和in battle:
in the war意為“在戰爭中”,in battle強調“處于戰斗之中”,與in the war有時可以通用,不過battle往往指局部戰斗,war指全面戰爭。
bring up 撫養養育;培養;教育;提出;嘔吐導學P He was brought up by his aunt. 他是他嬸嬸養大的。1) 與bring搭配的短語:bring about 引起;致使;造成;達成
bring along/on 帶來bring back 使記起;歸還;恢復bring down 使減低;降低;挫傷(傲氣)bring forth 引起;提出;產生;造成
bring forward 提出;出示;展示bring out拿出;出版;揭露;顯示,解釋 bring to (oneself) 使復蘇 bring in收插入引入;引進引來賺得
2) bring up也可作“嘔吐”解,與throw up同義。例如:
He felt so sick that he brought up everything. 他感到很惡心,把東西全吐出來了。
3) bring up 也可作“提出(供討論)”解。例如:
He brought up a new suggestion at the meeting. 在會上他提出了一個新的設想。
3、become interested in 對……感興趣become(變得)+interested (有興趣)+in(在…)
After graduation, he became interested in planting vegetables. 畢業后,對種菜了興趣。
注意:一般來說,v.ing形容詞有主動或進行的含義,而v.ed形容詞通常有被動或已完成的含義,特別是在表達人的情感或心理變化時,可以用be/get/become+v.ed形式表達。
4、be proud of 為……自豪導學P
Liu Xiang is a man whom China can be proud of. 劉翔是一位讓中國為之自豪的人。
1) 同義詞組take pride in,意“為……自豪”。
2) 聯想be proud to do 為(能)做……自豪;be proud that...自豪的是
3) 辨析be proud of 和be proud about
兩個短語之后都可以接名詞、代詞或動名詞。但有一些差別。
be proud of正當; 或表示尊重,常用于褒義。如:
We are proud of our great motherland. 我們為我們偉大的祖國而自豪。
be proud about自覺了不起,高于別人而盛氣凌人;常用于貶義。如:
We've nothing to be proud about. 我們沒什么值得驕傲的。
in conclusion 總之;最后,作為結束
導學PIn conclusion I think cars are very useful because travel is easy with a car.
總之,我認為車非常有用,因為有了車旅行就容易多了。reach/draw a conclusion 得出結論,下結論come to a conclusion 得出結論;結束 arrive at a conclusion得出下結論jump to conclusions草率地下結論 conclude v.結束;下結論;推斷
conclude that = draw a conclusion that下結論 o conclude: adv. 總而言之,總之,最后
6、for the first time 第一次
With the Industrial Revolution, factories appeared and mass production became possible for the first time.隨著工業革命的開始,工廠出現了,大規模生產第一次成為可能。
與time搭配的特殊結構,相當于連接時間狀語從句的連詞詞組。例如:
the first / second... / last time ... 第一、二次/……上次(最后一次)……
last ( next, any) time...上次/下次/任何時候
each time, every time 每一次/次次
all the time/the whole time 一直;總在
by the time到……時候,常用過去完成時或將來完成時。