高考英語第二輪語法專題復(fù)習(xí)五

　　倒裝句

　　英語的基本句型是主語 + 謂語。如果將主語與謂語調(diào)換, 稱倒裝句。倒裝句分全倒裝句和半倒裝句。

　　全倒裝: 主語與謂語交換位置不需任何助動(dòng)詞, 叫全倒裝。全倒裝有以下三種 情況:

　　1、當(dāng)here, there, out, in, up, down等副詞放在句首時(shí), 句子需全倒裝:

　　There goes the bell! 鈴響了！

　　There lived an old man.

　　Here comes the bus.

　　注意:

　　①在這種情況下倒裝僅限于不及物動(dòng)詞或be動(dòng)詞, 像go, come, mush等。

　?、谥髡Z如果是代詞時(shí)不需倒裝如Away he went. 他走遠(yuǎn)了。

　　2、方位狀語在句首, 如:

　　In front of the house stopped a police car.

　　Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.

　　Under the tree sat a boy.

　　3 、直接引語在句首, 這種情況可倒裝也可不倒裝

　　"What does it mean?" asked the boy或the boy asked.

　　二、半倒裝: 主語與謂語的助動(dòng)詞交換位置稱半倒裝, 有以下數(shù)種情況:

　　否定意義的詞在句首, 句子半倒裝, 例如: little, never, not, no, hardly, rarely, seldom

　　Never shall I forget you.

　　At no time was the man aware of what was happening.

　　Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.

　　幾對并列連詞如not only…but also, hardly… when等連接兩個(gè)并列句, 連詞在句首, 前句半倒裝, 后句不倒裝:

　　Not only was everything he had taker away from him, but also his German citizenship was taken away.

　　No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.

　　注意:

　?、賜ot only…but also連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)不需倒裝, 如:

　　Not only you but also I like playing chess.

　　②neither…nor在句首時(shí), 前后兩句都需倒裝,

　　Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.

　　3、only在句首強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語, 主句半倒裝:

　　Only then did I realize that I was wrong.

　　Only in this way can I learn from my fault.

　　Only when the war was over in 1918, was he able to get back to work.

　　注意: only強(qiáng)調(diào)主語不倒裝:

　　Only the teachers can use the room.

　　4、so…that句型, so在句首時(shí), 主句倒裝, that從句不倒裝:

　　So easy is it that a clild can learn it.

　　So hard did he work that he finally won the fame.

　　I saw the film, so did he.

　　1、倒裝句（Inversion）英語的基本語序是“主語+謂語”。如果將謂語的全部或一部分放在主語之前，這種語序稱為“倒裝”。

　　一、倒裝的類型

　　類型 例

　　句 說

　　明

　　完 全

　　倒 裝 Out rushed the students to welcome the foreign friends.

　　學(xué)生們涌出去歡迎外國朋友。 整個(gè)謂語移至主語之前。

　　部 分

　　倒 裝 Seldom does he go to school late.

　　他上學(xué)很少遲到。 只把系動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，助動(dòng)詞或表語放在主語之前。

　　二、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的基本用法

　　1、由于語法結(jié)構(gòu)的需要而使用的倒裝情 況 例

　　句 說

　　明

　　疑問句中 Have you got a dictionary?

　　你有一本字典嗎？

　　Where did he go last Monday?

　　上星期一他去什么地方了？

　　Are you listening to the radio?

　　你在聽廣播嗎？

　　Who told you the news?

　　誰告訴你那個(gè)消息的？

　　Which boy broke this glass?

　　哪個(gè)男孩子把這個(gè)玻璃打破了？ 用完全或部分倒裝，但以疑問詞或疑問詞修飾的名詞作主語的疑問句要用正常語序。

　　“there be”結(jié)構(gòu)中 There are three wells in our village.

　　我們村里有三口水井。

　　There stands a big paper making factory by the river.

　　河邊有座大型造紙廠。

　　在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down等副詞開頭的句子中 Here is a letter for you.

　　這兒有你一封信。

　　There goes the bell. 鈴響了。

　　Now comes your turn to play.

　　現(xiàn)在輪到你玩了。

　　Away went the crowd one by one .

　　人們一個(gè)一個(gè)地離去。

　　Look, there he comes!

　　看，他來了。

　　Down she went

　　她下來了。 使用完全倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　但如果主語是代詞則用正常語序。

　　在以neither nor 或no more開頭的句子中 I can’t swim, nor (neither)can she .

　　我不會(huì)游泳，她也不會(huì)。

　　He hasn’t been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.

　　他沒有去過農(nóng)村，他也不想去那里。

　　He did not turn up. No more did his wife.

　　他沒有來，他妻子也沒有來。 表示……也不這樣， neither和nor意思相同，可以替換使用，no more表示動(dòng)作的程度并不比前面提到的稍強(qiáng)。意為也不…。

　　用在as（盡管）引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句中 Proud as the nobles are ,he is afraid to see me .

　　盡管這些貴族很傲慢，他卻害怕見我。

　　Young as he is, he knows a lot .

　　雖然他年輕，卻知道很多東西。 從屬連句as用于特殊語序，含義與though, although相同，但“as”這種結(jié)構(gòu)可表示非常強(qiáng)烈的對照，必須用倒裝（表語提前）

　　2、為了加強(qiáng)語氣而使用的倒裝。（使句子更加流暢，更加生動(dòng)）情 況 例

　　句 說

　　明

　　含有否定意義的副詞或連詞放在句首時(shí) Never before have we seen such a sight.

　　以前我們從來沒有見過這樣的情景。

　　Little did I think that he could be back alive.

　　我沒有想到他竟能活著回來。

　　Not until New Year’s Day shall I give you a gift.

　　我要到元旦那天才能給你禮物。

　　Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.

　　不僅他所有的一切被沒收了，而且連他的德國公民權(quán)也被剝奪了。 常用否定詞有：

　　never,not,hardly,

　　scarcely seldom, little, not until, not only…but also, no sooner …than, hardly (scarcely)…when等。一般主句用部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　副詞only放在句首時(shí) Only then did he realize his mistakes .

　　只有在那時(shí)，他才認(rèn)識(shí)到自己的錯(cuò)誤。

　　Only in this way can you learn maths well .

　　只有用這種方法，你才能學(xué)好數(shù)學(xué)。

　　Only Mother can understand me .

　　只有母親最理解我。

　　Only three of us failed in the exam.

　　我們中只有三個(gè)人考試不及格。 only 起強(qiáng)調(diào)作用，其句型為“only +狀語+部分倒裝”。

　　如置于句首的only修飾主語，則不用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。 虛擬語氣條件從句中 Were they here, they would help us .

　　他們要是在這兒，他們會(huì)幫助我們的。

　　Had I been informed earlier. I could have done something.

　　我要是早得到通知，我就能干事了。

　　Should you fail, take more pain and try again.

　　萬一你失敗了，就要更加刻苦，重新再干。

　　把從句中if省略將were，had或should放在主語的前面。

　　直接引語的全部或一部分放在句首時(shí) “He is a clever boy”said the teacher.

　　老師說：“他是個(gè)聰明的孩子。”

　　“Go, Dick, go!”cried Tom,“Go home and get help”“走，狄克，走！”湯姆呼喊著，“快回家去求援”

　　“What do you think of the film? ”he asked.

　　他問“你認(rèn)為這部電影怎么樣？”

　　“I’m leaving for Hongkong next month”Mary told me yesterday.

　　瑪利告訴我“我下月要去香港”。 主句主語和謂語次序顛倒，用完全倒裝。

　　但如果主句主語為代詞時(shí)或謂語部分比主語長，一般不用倒裝。

　　表示祝愿的句子中 May you succeed!

　　祝你成功。

　　Long live the Communist Party of China.

　　中國共產(chǎn)黨萬歲！ 謂語動(dòng)詞或謂語的一部分放在主語的前面。

　　副詞so在句首 He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I .

　　他對流行歌曲感興趣，我也如此。

　　They will learn chemistry next term, so will I .

　　他們下學(xué)期學(xué)化學(xué)，我也學(xué)。

　　I can drive a car, so can my younger brother.

　　我會(huì)開汽車，我弟弟也會(huì)開車。 表示前面所說的情況也適合于另一個(gè)人或另一事物的肯定句中。

　　—Tom won the first prize for the English competition.－So he did.

　　英語競賽湯姆獲得了一等獎(jiǎng)。確實(shí)如此。

　　It was cold yesterday. So it was .

　　昨天天氣冷。的確冷。 如果后面的句子只是單純重復(fù)前句的意思，不表示也適用于另一人或事，則不用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　在頻度狀語often, always, many a time等開頭的句子中 Often did we warn them not to do so.

　　我們曾多次警告他們不要這樣做。

　　Many a time has she helped me with my English.

　　她不止一次地幫助或?qū)W習(xí)英語。

　　在方式狀語thus開頭的句子中及程度狀語so放句首 Thus ended his life.這樣結(jié)束了他的生命。

　　So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him .

　　他講話的聲音那樣大，連隔壁屋子里的人都聽得見。

　　介詞短語作狀語，放在句首 In the middle of the room stood a little girl.

　　在房間中央站著一個(gè)小女孩。

　　In the distance was a horse.

　　馬在遠(yuǎn)處。

　　在強(qiáng)調(diào)表語的句子中 Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.阿爾伯特·曼因斯坦就是這樣一個(gè)人，一個(gè)純樸而又取得巨大成就的人。

　　Such is life. 生活就是這樣。

　　Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.附近有兩只他們來這個(gè)島乘坐的獨(dú)木船。 表語提前，不僅為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，而且為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)達(dá)到平衡協(xié)調(diào)，或使上下文緊密銜接。

　　【專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練】

　?、?、選擇填空

　　1、

　　that we all went out, lying in the sun.

　　A．The weather so fine was

　　B．So fine was the weather

　　C．So the weather was fine

　　D．So was fine weather

　　2、Under his arm

　　a pair of shoes which he had bought from the shop a few days before.

　　A．is

　　B．a(chǎn)re

　　C．was

　　D．were

　　3、

　　who had arrested him three times for carrying drugs.

　　A．Before George stood the policeman

　　B．Before George the policeman stood

　　C．Before the policeman stood George

　　D．Before George did the policeman

　　4、Then

　　we had been looking forward to .

　　A．came the hour

　　B．the hour came

　　C．comes the hour

　　D．the hour is coming

　　5、Only when he started to explain

　　the reason for this.

　　A．she realized

　　B．did she realize

　　C．she had realized

　　D．had she realized

　　6、

　　succeed in doing anything.

　　A．Only by working hard we can

　　B．By only working hard we can

　　C．Only by working hard can we

　　D．Only we can by working hard

　　7、Not for a moment

　　the truth of your story.

　　A．he has doubted

　　B．he doubts

　　C．did he doubt

　　D．he did doubt

　　8、Nowhere else in the world

　　cheaper tailoring than in Hong Kong.

　　A．a(chǎn) tourist can find

　　B．can a tourist find

　　C．a(chǎn) tourist will find

　　D．a(chǎn) tourist has found

　　9、Hardly

　　when the bus suddenly pulled away.

　　A．they had got to the bus-stop

　　B．they got to the bus-stop

　　C．did they get to the bus-stop

　　D．had they got to the bus -stop

　　10、Mary doesn’t speak French, and

　　does Joan.

　　A．not

　　B．neither

　　C．either

　　D．so

　　11、—Do you know Jim quarrelled with his brother?

　　—I don’t know,

　　.

　　A．nor don’t I care

　　B．nor do I care

　　C．I don’t care neither

　　D．I don’t care also

　　12、Not until the early years of the 19th century

　　what heat is.

　　A．man did know

　　B．man knew

　　C．didn’t man know

　　D．did man know

　　13、After that we never saw her again nor

　　from her.

　　A．did we hear

　　B．we heard

　　C．had we heard

　　D．we have heard

　　14、John won the first prize in the contest.

　　.

　　A．So he did.

　　B．So did he.

　　C．So he did, too.

　　D．So did he, too.

　　15、

　　,he doesn’t study well.

　　A．As he is clever

　　B．He is as clever

　　C．Clever as he is

　　D．As clever he is

　　16、You can never use my tape recorder.

　　time should you touch that machine.

　　A．At no

　　B．At any

　　C．Any

　　D．No

　　17、Scarcely

　　the room

　　the phone rang.

　　A．I had entered…when

　　B．Had I entered…then

　　C．had I entered…when

　　D．have I entered…when

　　18、Only

　　save his life.

　　A．can the doctor

　　B．the doctor can

　　C．will the doctor

　　D．could the doctor

　　19、Hardly anybody

　　the boy , because he is rude.

　　A．does like

　　B．likes

　　C．do like

　　D．like

　　20、So well

　　that the teacher praised her.

　　A．she had done her homework

　　B．her homework had been done