2024年普通高考英語(yǔ)科語(yǔ)法知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò) 專題12定語(yǔ)從句
2024年普通高考英語(yǔ)科語(yǔ)法知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)
專題12
定語(yǔ)從句
I. 定語(yǔ)從句起了形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，并與先行詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。
關(guān)系詞 先行詞 從句成分 例
句 備
注
關(guān)系代 詞 who 人 主語(yǔ) Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常可以省略，但介詞提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用that
whom 人 賓語(yǔ) Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose 人或物 定語(yǔ) I like those books whose topics are about history.
The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
that 人或物 主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ) A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which 物 主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ) The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as 人或物 主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ) He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
as做賓語(yǔ)一般不省略
關(guān)系副 詞 when 時(shí)間 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which
where 地點(diǎn) 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) This is the house where I was born. 可用in which
why 原因 原因狀語(yǔ) I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which
II. that與which, who, whom的用法區(qū)別
情
況 用法說(shuō)明 例
句
只用that的情況 1.先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代詞時(shí)
2.先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修飾時(shí)
3.先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)
4.先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)
5.先行詞被the only, the very修飾時(shí)
6.句中已經(jīng)有who或which時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)時(shí) 1.He told me everything that he knows.
2.All the books that you offered has been given out.
3.This is the best film that I have ever read.
4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
5.He is the only man that I want to see.
6.Who is the man that is making a speech?
只用which, who, whom的情況 1.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人
2.在由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。
3.先行詞本身是that時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用which, 先行詞為those, one, he時(shí)多用who。
1.He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.
2.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.
3.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
III. as、which和that的區(qū)別
從句 區(qū)
別 例
句
限制性
定語(yǔ)從句中 名詞前有such和the same修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用as,不能用which He is not such a fool as he looks.
Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
非限制性
定語(yǔ)從句中 as和which都可以指代前面整個(gè)主句。如果有“正如，象”的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放主句后，并無(wú)“正如”的意思。 They won the game, as we had expected.
They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.
As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
the same... as和the same ...that the same... as指同類事物
the same ...that 指原物 That’s the same tool as I used last week.（同類工具，不是同一把）
That’s the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用過(guò)的工具。
注意：the way 做先行詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句可由that, in which 引導(dǎo)或不用引導(dǎo)詞。IV.定語(yǔ)從句與其它從句（句型）的區(qū)別
類
別 區(qū)
別 例
句
定語(yǔ)從句
與
并列句 定語(yǔ)從句與并列句的主要區(qū)別在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列連詞或兩個(gè)句子用分號(hào)連接，這時(shí)就不能再用引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞了。 ①M(fèi)r Li has three daughters，none of _____ is an engineer．
②Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _____ is a dancer．
從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，①小題是定語(yǔ)從句，故填whom；
②小題有并列連詞but，是并列句，故填代詞 them。
定語(yǔ)從句
與
狀語(yǔ)從句 定語(yǔ)從句的前面有名詞作先行詞，而狀語(yǔ)從句沒(méi)有先行詞。 This is the place where we used to live a few years ago.
這是幾年前我們居住的地方。（定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為the place）
Let’s go where we can find a better job.
我們到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句）
定語(yǔ)從句修飾、限制、說(shuō)明名詞，只能放在先行詞的后面，而狀語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的情況，并且可以放在主句的前面。 Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下課的時(shí)間嗎？（定語(yǔ)從句）
It was already five o’clock when the class was over.
=When the class was over, it was already five o’clock.
當(dāng)下課時(shí)己經(jīng)是5點(diǎn)了。（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）
When, where和why在引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以用“介詞＋which”的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)替換，在引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)卻不行。 This is the factory in which (where) his father once worked.
這就是他的父親曾經(jīng)工作過(guò)的那個(gè)工廠。（定語(yǔ)從句）
Put back the book where it was. 把書(shū)放回原處。（狀語(yǔ)從句）
定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)某種句子成分，因此去掉它則從句成分不完整；而結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞在從句中不作任何成分，去掉后從句的成分仍然完整。 It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我們大家都喜歡的如此有趣的書(shū)。
（as用作動(dòng)詞like的賓語(yǔ)，它引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句）
It is such an interesting book that we all like it.
它是一本如此有趣的書(shū)，我們大家都喜歡它。
（that不充當(dāng)句子成分，故它引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）
定語(yǔ)從句
與
同位語(yǔ)從句 定語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中相當(dāng)于形容詞，對(duì)先行詞起修飾、描述或限制的作用，與先行詞之間有從屬關(guān)系。同位語(yǔ)的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，對(duì)前面的名詞給予補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或進(jìn)一步解釋，是前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容,與先行詞之間是同位關(guān)系。 The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy.
她考試及格的消息使她父母很高興。此句中的同位語(yǔ)從句 The news that he had passed the exam
可以改寫(xiě)成表語(yǔ)從句：The news is that he passed the exam. The news that he told us interested all of us.
他告訴我們的消息使大家都感興趣。The news that he told us 是定語(yǔ)從句，此句不能為：The news is that he told?us.
2024年普通高考英語(yǔ)科語(yǔ)法知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)
專題12
定語(yǔ)從句
I. 定語(yǔ)從句起了形容詞的作用，在句中修飾一個(gè)名詞或代詞。被修飾的詞叫做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語(yǔ)從句中間起了連接作用，二是在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，并與先行詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致。
關(guān)系詞 先行詞 從句成分 例
句 備
注
關(guān)系代 詞 who 人 主語(yǔ) Do you know the man who is talking with your mother? whom, which和that在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常可以省略，但介詞提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用that
whom 人 賓語(yǔ) Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working
The boy (whom) she loved died in the war..
whose 人或物 定語(yǔ) I like those books whose topics are about history.
The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate.
that 人或物 主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ) A plane is a machine that can fly.
She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.
which 物 主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ) The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.
The picture which was about the accident was terrible.
as 人或物 主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ) He is such a person as is respected by all of us.
This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.
as做賓語(yǔ)一般不省略
關(guān)系副 詞 when 時(shí)間 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) I will never forget the day when we met there. 可用on which
where 地點(diǎn) 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) This is the house where I was born. 可用in which
why 原因 原因狀語(yǔ) I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. 可用for which
II. that與which, who, whom的用法區(qū)別
情
況 用法說(shuō)明 例
句
只用that的情況 1.先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代詞時(shí)
2.先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修飾時(shí)
3.先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)
4.先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)
5.先行詞被the only, the very修飾時(shí)
6.句中已經(jīng)有who或which時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)時(shí) 1.He told me everything that he knows.
2.All the books that you offered has been given out.
3.This is the best film that I have ever read.
4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.
5.He is the only man that I want to see.
6.Who is the man that is making a speech?
只用which, who, whom的情況 1.在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人
2.在由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。
3.先行詞本身是that時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用which, 先行詞為those, one, he時(shí)多用who。
1.He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.
2.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.
3.Those who respect others are usually respected by others.
III. as、which和that的區(qū)別
從句 區(qū)
別 例
句
限制性
定語(yǔ)從句中 名詞前有such和the same修飾時(shí)，關(guān)系代詞用as,不能用which He is not such a fool as he looks.
Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
非限制性
定語(yǔ)從句中 as和which都可以指代前面整個(gè)主句。如果有“正如，象”的含義，并可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放主句后，并無(wú)“正如”的意思。 They won the game, as we had expected.
They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.
As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s.
the same... as和the same ...that the same... as指同類事物
the same ...that 指原物 That’s the same tool as I used last week.（同類工具，不是同一把）
That’s the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用過(guò)的工具。
注意：the way 做先行詞時(shí)，定語(yǔ)從句可由that, in which 引導(dǎo)或不用引導(dǎo)詞。IV.定語(yǔ)從句與其它從句（句型）的區(qū)別
類
別 區(qū)
別 例
句
定語(yǔ)從句
與
并列句 定語(yǔ)從句與并列句的主要區(qū)別在于：并列句有像and，but，so等并列連詞或兩個(gè)句子用分號(hào)連接，這時(shí)就不能再用引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞了。 ①M(fèi)r Li has three daughters，none of _____ is an engineer．
②Mr Li has three daughters，but none of _____ is a dancer．
從結(jié)構(gòu)上看，①小題是定語(yǔ)從句，故填whom；
②小題有并列連詞but，是并列句，故填代詞 them。
定語(yǔ)從句
與
狀語(yǔ)從句 定語(yǔ)從句的前面有名詞作先行詞，而狀語(yǔ)從句沒(méi)有先行詞。 This is the place where we used to live a few years ago.
這是幾年前我們居住的地方。（定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為the place）
Let’s go where we can find a better job.
我們到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。（地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句）
定語(yǔ)從句修飾、限制、說(shuō)明名詞，只能放在先行詞的后面，而狀語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生的情況，并且可以放在主句的前面。 Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下課的時(shí)間嗎？（定語(yǔ)從句）
It was already five o’clock when the class was over.
=When the class was over, it was already five o’clock.
當(dāng)下課時(shí)己經(jīng)是5點(diǎn)了。（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句）
When, where和why在引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)可以用“介詞＋which”的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)替換，在引導(dǎo)狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)卻不行。 This is the factory in which (where) his father once worked.
這就是他的父親曾經(jīng)工作過(guò)的那個(gè)工廠。（定語(yǔ)從句）
Put back the book where it was. 把書(shū)放回原處。（狀語(yǔ)從句）
定語(yǔ)從句中的關(guān)系詞在從句中充當(dāng)某種句子成分，因此去掉它則從句成分不完整；而結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中的連接詞在從句中不作任何成分，去掉后從句的成分仍然完整。 It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我們大家都喜歡的如此有趣的書(shū)。
（as用作動(dòng)詞like的賓語(yǔ)，它引導(dǎo)的是定語(yǔ)從句）
It is such an interesting book that we all like it.
它是一本如此有趣的書(shū)，我們大家都喜歡它。
（that不充當(dāng)句子成分，故它引導(dǎo)的是結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）
定語(yǔ)從句
與
同位語(yǔ)從句 定語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中相當(dāng)于形容詞，對(duì)先行詞起修飾、描述或限制的作用，與先行詞之間有從屬關(guān)系。同位語(yǔ)的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，對(duì)前面的名詞給予補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明或進(jìn)一步解釋，是前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容,與先行詞之間是同位關(guān)系。 The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy.
她考試及格的消息使她父母很高興。此句中的同位語(yǔ)從句 The news that he had passed the exam
可以改寫(xiě)成表語(yǔ)從句：The news is that he passed the exam. The news that he told us interested all of us.
他告訴我們的消息使大家都感興趣。The news that he told us 是定語(yǔ)從句，此句不能為：The news is that he told?us.
