2024屆高三英語一輪復習課件(安徽用)M4_Unit 12 Culture Shock
漢譯英。 1. 他懂一點法語。
He knows a bit of French.
2. 一點也不冷。
It's not a bit cold.
3. 你的兒子有點膽小。Your son is a bit of a coward.
4. 他一點也不在乎。
He doesn't care a bit.
()(2010·湖北卷) It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ______ favors to them. A. in preference to
B. in place of C. in agreement with
D. in exchange for
D in preference to 優先于; in exchange for 交換;in place of 代替; in agreement with 同意,與……一致。
…it's really easy to exchange traveller's cheques at banks or hotels…(P36) 段落的基本結構
在學會寫句的基礎上,就可以開始學習如何將句子有序地連貫起來,這就組成了段落。段落是構成語篇的基礎。 1. 段落的基本結構
段落(Paragraph)是由闡述同一主題緊密相關的若干句子組成,是一則語意完整、和諧統一的語篇。一般說來,一個段落由3部分組成:主題句、擴展句和結論句。主題句提出論述的主題,擴展句利用必要的細節對主題加以論證說明,結論句總結全文,在論證的基礎上得出結論。三者相輔相成,按邏輯順序安排句子,并通過一些過渡句,構成一完整短文。 On Safety
①Accidents are today's most frequent cause of death in Children. ②Accidents occur to children in all sorts of places — at home, on the street, at school, on public playgrounds, at places to swim, and on camping trips. ③There are now many more chances for accidents than there used to be. ④Automobiles, power tools, electric wiring, and easy ways of starting fire are some examples. ⑤Most accidents are caused by carelessness. ⑥A great deal of effort should be taken to let children know the importance of safety. ⑦Safety is everyone's business.
分析:在這一段落中,句①即為主題句,闡述段落的中心思想;句②,③,④,⑤和⑥為發展句,列舉原因、例子等來豐富和闡明中心思想;句⑦為結尾句,與主題句相呼應,概括該段落的真正含義。
2. 段落的主題句
主題句(Topic sentence)概括段落的主要內容,交代下文欲加以說明、解釋、論證的觀點,限制著主題在段落中討論的范圍、文章發展的模式,是整個段落的綱領。 3. 段落的擴展句
擴展句(Supporting sentence)的作用是豐富、支持、擴展主題句的內涵。擴展部分的闡述要透徹,證明要充分,舉例有條理,符合思想邏輯。擴展句的表達形式多種多樣,可以按時間或空間順序,從整體到局部或從局部到整體的方法進行敘述、描寫、說明或議論,也可用比較、對比、比喻、推導、歸納、演繹等手段來展現。擴展句須服從主題表達的需要,不應該涉及與主題無關或關系較遠的內容。 4. 段落的結論句
結論句(Concluding sentence)也稱總結句,它標志著段落的結束,自然應位于一段的結尾。結論句可用來重述主題、提供問題的解決方式,對未來進行預測,提出問題讓讀者思考,或對全段內容加以概述。結論之前常會出現in short, in a word, therefore等詞語。但并非所有的段落都需要結論句,有的也可采用自然結束的方式。
結論句在注意總結與呼應主題句的基礎上,用一個短短的感嘆句、問句、概括句、比喻句、挑戰性的話或一句名言將全段“拔高”一下,效果會更好。 參閱下面主題句與結論句呼應的例子: ①主題句: Only a mother's love is selfless love!
結尾句: What great love this is! ②主題句:Life is limited, but knowledge is boundless.
結尾句: How important it is to read good books!
從以上的例子,我們可以清楚地看出主題句和結論句的關系,結論句在意思上和主題句保持一致,與主題句緊密呼應,但又不是簡單的重復。例①運用感嘆句,能起到強化主題思想的作用,給讀者留下較深的印象。 結論句并非必不可少,但它能起到以下的作用: (1)表示段落的結束; (2)總結要點,與主題句相呼應; (3)使讀者就本段落的主要內容和見解有一個深刻的印象或進行思考。 Part1 M4.Unit12 Unit12 Culture Shock Module4 1、owe vt.
①欠某人某物 owe sth. to sb./owe sb. sth.
You owe me a favour!你還欠我一個人情呢!
We owe $5, 000 to the bank. =We owe the bank $5, 000. 我們欠銀行5, 000美元。 ② 歸功于, 歸因于
I owe my success to hard work. 我把成功歸功于勤奮工作。 ③ 應當給予 I think we're owed an apology.
我認為得有人向我們道歉。 ④ 感激
I owe you a lot for all you did for me when I was young. 我十分感激你在我年幼時為我做的一切。 owing to (doing) sth. “由于”;在句中作狀語。 Owing to the shower, the baseball game was broken off.
由于驟雨突至, 那場棒球賽被迫中止了。 完成句子。 1. 買這些雜貨我得給你多少錢? How much do I owe you for the groceries?
2. 與下屬坦誠相待,這是你對他們應有的態度。 You owe it to your staff to be honest with them.
3. 我的一切都歸功于他。 I owe everything to him.
2、absorb vt.
① 吸收(液體, 氣體等) Plants absorb carbon dioxide. 植物吸收二氧化碳。 ② 吸取, 掌握(知識等)
I haven't really had time to absorb everything that he said. 事實上我還沒有時間弄懂他說的一切。 ③ 吸引(注意力等) absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意力 be absorbed in專心于, 全神貫注于
完成句子。 1. 作家全神貫注地寫作, 以至于忘了彈去雪茄的煙灰。
The writer was so absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.
2. 這項工作已使他沉迷了好幾年。
This work has absorbed him for several years.
3、afford v.
① 買得起;承擔得起(后果),有能力做,搭配: afford to do sth. Can we afford a new car? 我們買得起一輛新車嗎? He says he really can't afford to wait another day.
他說他確實一天也等不了啦。 ② 給予, 使得到 The tree afforded us shelter from the rain.
樹給我們遮雨。 完成句子。 1. 我倒想去度假, 可是抽不出時間來。 I'd love to go on a holiday but I can't afford the time.
2. 與你共餐將是我的一大樂事。 It will afford me great pleasure to have dinner with you.
3. 要我離崗3周是不行的。 I can't afford three weeks away from work.
4. 你的來信使我很高興。 Your letter has afforded me much pleasure .
4、exchange vt. 交換, 交流, 兌換 n. 交換(物), 兌換;交易所 ① exchange A for B以A換B
You can exchange your currency for dollars in the hotel. 你可以在賓館把你的錢兌換成美元。 ② exchange sth. with sb. 與某人交換某物 ③ in exchange (for) 作為交換, 和……交換 exchangeable adj. 可交換的, 可更換的 change vt. 改變;變化;常與for, into和from等連用。 完成句子。 1. 你愿意和我交換座位嗎?
Will you exchange seats with me? 2. 他教她中文。作為交換,她教他英文。
He's teaching her Chinese in exchange for teaching him English.
3. 這些禮券只能用來兌取光盤。 These tokens are exchangeable for CDs only.
4. 我正在考慮換輛大車。 I'm thinking of changing my car for a bigger one.
5. 在一個童話故事里, 巫婆把王子變成了青蛙。 In a fairy tale, the witch changed the prince
into
a frog.
5、consider ① vt.&vi. 考慮 consider sth. consider doing sth. consider wh- to do ② vt. 認為;把……視為(其后常接that從句或復合結構) I consider that it was a very good film.
我認為這是一部很好的影片。 considerable adj. 值得考慮的;重要的;相當大/多的 considerate adj. 考慮周到的;為他人著想的 consideration n. 考慮;體貼;關心 considering prep.&conj. 就……而論, 考慮到 be under consideration正在考慮之中 give consideration to考慮 all things considered從各方面考慮起來 take…into consideration/account 把……考慮在內 完成句子。 1. 我們正在考慮去北京。 We are considering going to Beijing.
2. 我們考慮下一步怎么辦。 We considered what to do next.
3.我認為他是一個聰明的人。 I consider him to be a clever fellow.
漢譯英。 4. 我考慮這個周末去看看我的叔叔。
I'm considering paying a visit to my uncle this weekend.
5. Jean認為自己很幸運。
Jean considered herself (to be) very lucky. 6、manner n. 禮貌;風格;方式;習慣;舉止 I thought I noticed a certain coldness in his manner. 我想我覺察到他的態度有些冷淡。 ① in a…manner 以……方式/方法 She answered in a businesslike manner.
她回答時顯出一副公事公辦的樣子。 ② all manner of 各種各樣的;形形色色的 ③ in a manner of speaking 不妨說;從某種意義上說 漢譯英。 1. 他經常以這種古怪的方式講話。
He often speaks in such a strange manner.
2. 他們問了我各種各樣的問題。
They asked me all manner of questions.
7、insist v. 堅持
insist on堅決要求, 堅持認為。是對要求、看法、意見或主張的“堅持”, on是介詞, 后面接名詞或動名詞作賓語。
She insisted on her opinion at the meeting.
她在會上堅持自己的意見。 insist接that從句, 有兩種情況 ①表示“堅決認為(主張)”, 從句用陳述語氣。
Though all his friends criticized him, he insisted he had done nothing wrong.
盡管所有的朋友都指責他, 但他堅持認為自己沒有做錯事。 ②表示“堅決要, 堅決要求”, 這時從句謂語常用虛擬語氣。 He insists that she (should) go. 他堅決要她去。 完成句子。 1. 他堅持說他是無罪的。
He insisted on his innocence.
2. 他堅持要邀請她參加我們的聚會。
He insists she should be invited to our party.
3. 她堅持要他穿西裝。
She insisted on his/him wearing a suit.
8、belong “屬于”;后面與to搭配,只用于主動語態, 不能用于被動語態;只用于一般時態, 不用于進行時態。 I don't know to whom the bike belongs.
我不知道這輛自行車是誰的。 漢譯英。 1. 那本詞典是湯姆的。
That dictionary belongs to Tom.
2. 你是哪個俱樂部的?
Which club do you belong to? 3. 中國是個發展中國家, 屬于第三世界。
China is a developing country, belonging to the Third World.
9、I kept_saying that I knew the way myself, but it just did not work. (P40)
我重復著說我自己知道路,但是這不起作用。
keep (on) doing sth. 繼續做某事, 重復做某事
We kept (on) working in the field in spite of the rain.
盡管下雨, 我們還是堅持在地里干活。
keep doing與keep on doing ①重復性較強的時候, 多用keep doing (sth.)。
She kept coughing all night. 她整夜咳嗽。 ②keep on后接行為動詞, 不能接sitting, standing, lying, sleeping等表示靜態的動詞。如不能說:He kept on sitting. 但可以說:keep lying/standing/sitting there。
keep的幾個常用短語: ① keep watch守望,值班;放哨 ② keep back 隱瞞;保留,扣除 ③ keep in touch 保持聯系 ④ keep my promise/word 履行諾言 ⑤ keep up (vi.)使……繼續;不落后;使不下降;跟上(+with)
⑥ keep off 防止,避開;使免受……影響 ⑦ keep out阻止……進入;不卷入,避開(+of)
漢譯英。 1. 我父母總是反復叮囑我應當努力學習。
My parents always keep (on) saying to me that I should study hard.
2. 希望你別老打斷我!
I wish you wouldn't keep on interrupting me!
10、In Melbourne, the_only_place we ever see kangaroos is on the menu in a restaurant.(P42)
在墨爾本,我們能看到袋鼠的唯一地方是在餐廳的菜單上。
當“the only+名詞(單數)”作主語時, 其謂語動詞也應用單數。
He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.
他是唯一一個3年來都獲得獎學金的學生。
漢譯英。 1. 她是受到老師表揚的女生之一。
She is one of the girls who are praised by the teacher.
2. 她是唯一受到老師表揚的女生。
She is the only one of the girls who is praised by the teacher.
11、The government is trying to improve things, but it seems a_bit late.(P42)
政府嘗試做些改進,但似乎有點晚了。 ①a bit“一點點, 有點”,可用來修飾形容詞、副詞或它們的比較級;若修飾名詞需加介詞of。 My foot is better but it still hurts a bit.
我的腳好一些了, 但還是有點痛。 ② not a bit=not at all; not in the least 一點也不 not a little=very much非常
漢譯英。 1. 他懂一點法語。
He knows a bit of French.
2. 一點也不冷。
It's not a bit cold.
3. 你的兒子有點膽小。Your son is a bit of a coward.
4. 他一點也不在乎。
He doesn't care a bit.
()(2010·湖北卷) It is illegal for a public official to ask people for gifts or money ______ favors to them. A. in preference to
B. in place of C. in agreement with
D. in exchange for
D in preference to 優先于; in exchange for 交換;in place of 代替; in agreement with 同意,與……一致。
…it's really easy to exchange traveller's cheques at banks or hotels…(P36) 段落的基本結構
在學會寫句的基礎上,就可以開始學習如何將句子有序地連貫起來,這就組成了段落。段落是構成語篇的基礎。 1. 段落的基本結構
段落(Paragraph)是由闡述同一主題緊密相關的若干句子組成,是一則語意完整、和諧統一的語篇。一般說來,一個段落由3部分組成:主題句、擴展句和結論句。主題句提出論述的主題,擴展句利用必要的細節對主題加以論證說明,結論句總結全文,在論證的基礎上得出結論。三者相輔相成,按邏輯順序安排句子,并通過一些過渡句,構成一完整短文。 On Safety
①Accidents are today's most frequent cause of death in Children. ②Accidents occur to children in all sorts of places — at home, on the street, at school, on public playgrounds, at places to swim, and on camping trips. ③There are now many more chances for accidents than there used to be. ④Automobiles, power tools, electric wiring, and easy ways of starting fire are some examples. ⑤Most accidents are caused by carelessness. ⑥A great deal of effort should be taken to let children know the importance of safety. ⑦Safety is everyone's business.
分析:在這一段落中,句①即為主題句,闡述段落的中心思想;句②,③,④,⑤和⑥為發展句,列舉原因、例子等來豐富和闡明中心思想;句⑦為結尾句,與主題句相呼應,概括該段落的真正含義。
2. 段落的主題句
主題句(Topic sentence)概括段落的主要內容,交代下文欲加以說明、解釋、論證的觀點,限制著主題在段落中討論的范圍、文章發展的模式,是整個段落的綱領。 3. 段落的擴展句
擴展句(Supporting sentence)的作用是豐富、支持、擴展主題句的內涵。擴展部分的闡述要透徹,證明要充分,舉例有條理,符合思想邏輯。擴展句的表達形式多種多樣,可以按時間或空間順序,從整體到局部或從局部到整體的方法進行敘述、描寫、說明或議論,也可用比較、對比、比喻、推導、歸納、演繹等手段來展現。擴展句須服從主題表達的需要,不應該涉及與主題無關或關系較遠的內容。 4. 段落的結論句
結論句(Concluding sentence)也稱總結句,它標志著段落的結束,自然應位于一段的結尾。結論句可用來重述主題、提供問題的解決方式,對未來進行預測,提出問題讓讀者思考,或對全段內容加以概述。結論之前常會出現in short, in a word, therefore等詞語。但并非所有的段落都需要結論句,有的也可采用自然結束的方式。
結論句在注意總結與呼應主題句的基礎上,用一個短短的感嘆句、問句、概括句、比喻句、挑戰性的話或一句名言將全段“拔高”一下,效果會更好。 參閱下面主題句與結論句呼應的例子: ①主題句: Only a mother's love is selfless love!
結尾句: What great love this is! ②主題句:Life is limited, but knowledge is boundless.
結尾句: How important it is to read good books!
從以上的例子,我們可以清楚地看出主題句和結論句的關系,結論句在意思上和主題句保持一致,與主題句緊密呼應,但又不是簡單的重復。例①運用感嘆句,能起到強化主題思想的作用,給讀者留下較深的印象。 結論句并非必不可少,但它能起到以下的作用: (1)表示段落的結束; (2)總結要點,與主題句相呼應; (3)使讀者就本段落的主要內容和見解有一個深刻的印象或進行思考。 Part1 M4.Unit12 Unit12 Culture Shock Module4 1、owe vt.
①欠某人某物 owe sth. to sb./owe sb. sth.
You owe me a favour!你還欠我一個人情呢!
We owe $5, 000 to the bank. =We owe the bank $5, 000. 我們欠銀行5, 000美元。 ② 歸功于, 歸因于
I owe my success to hard work. 我把成功歸功于勤奮工作。 ③ 應當給予 I think we're owed an apology.
我認為得有人向我們道歉。 ④ 感激
I owe you a lot for all you did for me when I was young. 我十分感激你在我年幼時為我做的一切。 owing to (doing) sth. “由于”;在句中作狀語。 Owing to the shower, the baseball game was broken off.
由于驟雨突至, 那場棒球賽被迫中止了。 完成句子。 1. 買這些雜貨我得給你多少錢? How much do I owe you for the groceries?
2. 與下屬坦誠相待,這是你對他們應有的態度。 You owe it to your staff to be honest with them.
3. 我的一切都歸功于他。 I owe everything to him.
2、absorb vt.
① 吸收(液體, 氣體等) Plants absorb carbon dioxide. 植物吸收二氧化碳。 ② 吸取, 掌握(知識等)
I haven't really had time to absorb everything that he said. 事實上我還沒有時間弄懂他說的一切。 ③ 吸引(注意力等) absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意力 be absorbed in專心于, 全神貫注于
完成句子。 1. 作家全神貫注地寫作, 以至于忘了彈去雪茄的煙灰。
The writer was so absorbed in his writing that he forgot to flick the ashes from his cigar.
2. 這項工作已使他沉迷了好幾年。
This work has absorbed him for several years.
3、afford v.
① 買得起;承擔得起(后果),有能力做,搭配: afford to do sth. Can we afford a new car? 我們買得起一輛新車嗎? He says he really can't afford to wait another day.
他說他確實一天也等不了啦。 ② 給予, 使得到 The tree afforded us shelter from the rain.
樹給我們遮雨。 完成句子。 1. 我倒想去度假, 可是抽不出時間來。 I'd love to go on a holiday but I can't afford the time.
2. 與你共餐將是我的一大樂事。 It will afford me great pleasure to have dinner with you.
3. 要我離崗3周是不行的。 I can't afford three weeks away from work.
4. 你的來信使我很高興。 Your letter has afforded me much pleasure .
4、exchange vt. 交換, 交流, 兌換 n. 交換(物), 兌換;交易所 ① exchange A for B以A換B
You can exchange your currency for dollars in the hotel. 你可以在賓館把你的錢兌換成美元。 ② exchange sth. with sb. 與某人交換某物 ③ in exchange (for) 作為交換, 和……交換 exchangeable adj. 可交換的, 可更換的 change vt. 改變;變化;常與for, into和from等連用。 完成句子。 1. 你愿意和我交換座位嗎?
Will you exchange seats with me? 2. 他教她中文。作為交換,她教他英文。
He's teaching her Chinese in exchange for teaching him English.
3. 這些禮券只能用來兌取光盤。 These tokens are exchangeable for CDs only.
4. 我正在考慮換輛大車。 I'm thinking of changing my car for a bigger one.
5. 在一個童話故事里, 巫婆把王子變成了青蛙。 In a fairy tale, the witch changed the prince
into
a frog.
5、consider ① vt.&vi. 考慮 consider sth. consider doing sth. consider wh- to do ② vt. 認為;把……視為(其后常接that從句或復合結構) I consider that it was a very good film.
我認為這是一部很好的影片。 considerable adj. 值得考慮的;重要的;相當大/多的 considerate adj. 考慮周到的;為他人著想的 consideration n. 考慮;體貼;關心 considering prep.&conj. 就……而論, 考慮到 be under consideration正在考慮之中 give consideration to考慮 all things considered從各方面考慮起來 take…into consideration/account 把……考慮在內 完成句子。 1. 我們正在考慮去北京。 We are considering going to Beijing.
2. 我們考慮下一步怎么辦。 We considered what to do next.
3.我認為他是一個聰明的人。 I consider him to be a clever fellow.
漢譯英。 4. 我考慮這個周末去看看我的叔叔。
I'm considering paying a visit to my uncle this weekend.
5. Jean認為自己很幸運。
Jean considered herself (to be) very lucky. 6、manner n. 禮貌;風格;方式;習慣;舉止 I thought I noticed a certain coldness in his manner. 我想我覺察到他的態度有些冷淡。 ① in a…manner 以……方式/方法 She answered in a businesslike manner.
她回答時顯出一副公事公辦的樣子。 ② all manner of 各種各樣的;形形色色的 ③ in a manner of speaking 不妨說;從某種意義上說 漢譯英。 1. 他經常以這種古怪的方式講話。
He often speaks in such a strange manner.
2. 他們問了我各種各樣的問題。
They asked me all manner of questions.
7、insist v. 堅持
insist on堅決要求, 堅持認為。是對要求、看法、意見或主張的“堅持”, on是介詞, 后面接名詞或動名詞作賓語。
She insisted on her opinion at the meeting.
她在會上堅持自己的意見。 insist接that從句, 有兩種情況 ①表示“堅決認為(主張)”, 從句用陳述語氣。
Though all his friends criticized him, he insisted he had done nothing wrong.
盡管所有的朋友都指責他, 但他堅持認為自己沒有做錯事。 ②表示“堅決要, 堅決要求”, 這時從句謂語常用虛擬語氣。 He insists that she (should) go. 他堅決要她去。 完成句子。 1. 他堅持說他是無罪的。
He insisted on his innocence.
2. 他堅持要邀請她參加我們的聚會。
He insists she should be invited to our party.
3. 她堅持要他穿西裝。
She insisted on his/him wearing a suit.
8、belong “屬于”;后面與to搭配,只用于主動語態, 不能用于被動語態;只用于一般時態, 不用于進行時態。 I don't know to whom the bike belongs.
我不知道這輛自行車是誰的。 漢譯英。 1. 那本詞典是湯姆的。
That dictionary belongs to Tom.
2. 你是哪個俱樂部的?
Which club do you belong to? 3. 中國是個發展中國家, 屬于第三世界。
China is a developing country, belonging to the Third World.
9、I kept_saying that I knew the way myself, but it just did not work. (P40)
我重復著說我自己知道路,但是這不起作用。
keep (on) doing sth. 繼續做某事, 重復做某事
We kept (on) working in the field in spite of the rain.
盡管下雨, 我們還是堅持在地里干活。
keep doing與keep on doing ①重復性較強的時候, 多用keep doing (sth.)。
She kept coughing all night. 她整夜咳嗽。 ②keep on后接行為動詞, 不能接sitting, standing, lying, sleeping等表示靜態的動詞。如不能說:He kept on sitting. 但可以說:keep lying/standing/sitting there。
keep的幾個常用短語: ① keep watch守望,值班;放哨 ② keep back 隱瞞;保留,扣除 ③ keep in touch 保持聯系 ④ keep my promise/word 履行諾言 ⑤ keep up (vi.)使……繼續;不落后;使不下降;跟上(+with)
⑥ keep off 防止,避開;使免受……影響 ⑦ keep out阻止……進入;不卷入,避開(+of)
漢譯英。 1. 我父母總是反復叮囑我應當努力學習。
My parents always keep (on) saying to me that I should study hard.
2. 希望你別老打斷我!
I wish you wouldn't keep on interrupting me!
10、In Melbourne, the_only_place we ever see kangaroos is on the menu in a restaurant.(P42)
在墨爾本,我們能看到袋鼠的唯一地方是在餐廳的菜單上。
當“the only+名詞(單數)”作主語時, 其謂語動詞也應用單數。
He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.
他是唯一一個3年來都獲得獎學金的學生。
漢譯英。 1. 她是受到老師表揚的女生之一。
She is one of the girls who are praised by the teacher.
2. 她是唯一受到老師表揚的女生。
She is the only one of the girls who is praised by the teacher.
11、The government is trying to improve things, but it seems a_bit late.(P42)
政府嘗試做些改進,但似乎有點晚了。 ①a bit“一點點, 有點”,可用來修飾形容詞、副詞或它們的比較級;若修飾名詞需加介詞of。 My foot is better but it still hurts a bit.
我的腳好一些了, 但還是有點痛。 ② not a bit=not at all; not in the least 一點也不 not a little=very much非常