代詞除了替代前面(大多)或后面(有時(shí))的人、物或事之外，在語義上起著銜接作用。因此，代詞的使用，既避免了表達(dá)上的重復(fù)，又使上下文銜接得更加緊密。 高考閱讀理解題中，常要求考生根據(jù)語境判斷代詞(this，that，it，they，them，one等)，或代動(dòng)詞(do， does，did，do that等)究竟指代什么。題干中通常含有refer to。

　　根據(jù)語義銜接判斷指代內(nèi)容

　　一般說來，代詞的指代內(nèi)容大多在這一句的前、后句中(有時(shí))，但也可能在前幾個(gè)句子中，甚至指代前一段話中的某個(gè)內(nèi)容。找到指代的內(nèi)容后把它放在那個(gè)代詞的位置上，看一看這句話是否合理，前后的語義是否連貫，然后再判定它是否為正確答案。 閱讀下列文段， 選擇正確答案。

　　1、替代內(nèi)容在上句

　　[例1](2024廣東) Twain’s racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自傳) about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth—mostly with white men performing in black-face—and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.

　　經(jīng)典例題 Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.

　　What does the underlined word “they” refer to? A. The attacks

　　B. Slavery and prejudice C. White men

　　D. The shows

　　解析：D。結(jié)合前句理解，可知they替代the shows，代入they，全句意為“他對(duì)奴隸制和偏見的不斷攻擊表明深知這些表演并不代表現(xiàn)實(shí)”，上下連貫，故選D。

　　2、替代內(nèi)容在上上句 [例2] (2024四川) Two 12-year-old boys, Christian and Jack, rowed out a boat to search a football. Once they’d rowed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water. The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore. But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control.

　　What does “it” refer to? A. The beach

　　B. The water

　　C. The boat

　　D. The wind

　　解析：D。句中it應(yīng)是替代上上句中的the wind，將其替代it，看看句意是否連貫，“他們劃到了靜水之外，綁在船上的沙灘傘遇到了風(fēng)，把他們的船牽引到開闊的水面。他們驚慌失措，想劃回岸邊。但是他們敵不過風(fēng)，船失去控制”， 上下貫通，語意銜接，故選D。

　　閱讀下列短文的節(jié)選，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 1. What does the underlined word “them” refer to? A. Customers of Sparrow restaurants

　　B. Sparrow restaurants

　　C. Customers of other fast-food chains

　　D. other fast-food chains

　　即學(xué)即用 解析：D

　　代詞指代題。由表示對(duì)比的while可知，麻雀餐館的顧客對(duì)連鎖店持非常肯定的態(tài)度，而別的快餐連鎖店的顧客也不愿意離開“它們”。這個(gè)“它們”應(yīng)是指“別的快餐連鎖店”。

　　2. The underlined part “it” refers to__________. A. a taxi

　　B. the money

　　C. a bomb

　　D. public transport

　　解析：D

　　代替前句中的public transport，將其代入it的位置，理解上下文，看語意是否連貫：現(xiàn)在到了晚上10點(diǎn)鐘后寧愿花一大筆錢搭的也不坐公交車了。我過去常坐公交車，但現(xiàn)在害怕了。上下文語意貫通，故選D。

　　3.The underlined word “they” refers to _______. A. the dogs

　　B. the trainers

　　C. the systems

　　D. the researchers

　　解析：B

　　句中that引導(dǎo)定語從句并代表先行詞dogs作approach的賓語；從句主語they指什么？即需要接近狗的是誰?當(dāng)然是“馴狗師”，故選B。

　　4. The underlined word “one” in the third paragraph refers to__________. A. the President

　　B. the director

　　C. an actor

　　D. a look-alike

　　解析：D

　　聯(lián)系上句可知答案。前句說總統(tǒng)開始在公共場合使用替身(look-alikes)，后來Dave有機(jī)會(huì)成為了其中的一員，可以猜測出one應(yīng)該是a look-alike。

　　代詞除了替代前面(大多)或后面(有時(shí))的人、物或事之外，在語義上起著銜接作用。因此，代詞的使用，既避免了表達(dá)上的重復(fù)，又使上下文銜接得更加緊密。 高考閱讀理解題中，常要求考生根據(jù)語境判斷代詞(this，that，it，they，them，one等)，或代動(dòng)詞(do， does，did，do that等)究竟指代什么。題干中通常含有refer to。

　　根據(jù)語義銜接判斷指代內(nèi)容

　　一般說來，代詞的指代內(nèi)容大多在這一句的前、后句中(有時(shí))，但也可能在前幾個(gè)句子中，甚至指代前一段話中的某個(gè)內(nèi)容。找到指代的內(nèi)容后把它放在那個(gè)代詞的位置上，看一看這句話是否合理，前后的語義是否連貫，然后再判定它是否為正確答案。 閱讀下列文段， 選擇正確答案。

　　1、替代內(nèi)容在上句

　　[例1](2024廣東) Twain’s racial tone was not perfect. One is left uneasy, for example, by the lengthy passage in his autobiography (自傳) about how much he loved what were called “nigger shows” in his youth—mostly with white men performing in black-face—and his delight in getting his mother to laugh at them.

　　經(jīng)典例題 Yet there is no reason to think Twain saw the shows as representing reality. His frequent attacks on slavery and prejudice suggest his keen awareness that they did not.

　　What does the underlined word “they” refer to? A. The attacks

　　B. Slavery and prejudice C. White men

　　D. The shows

　　解析：D。結(jié)合前句理解，可知they替代the shows，代入they，全句意為“他對(duì)奴隸制和偏見的不斷攻擊表明深知這些表演并不代表現(xiàn)實(shí)”，上下連貫，故選D。

　　2、替代內(nèi)容在上上句 [例2] (2024四川) Two 12-year-old boys, Christian and Jack, rowed out a boat to search a football. Once they’d rowed beyond the calm waters, a beach umbrella tied to the boat caught the wind and pulled the boat into open water. The pair panicked and tried to row back to shore. But they were no match for it and the boat was out of control.

　　What does “it” refer to? A. The beach

　　B. The water

　　C. The boat

　　D. The wind

　　解析：D。句中it應(yīng)是替代上上句中的the wind，將其替代it，看看句意是否連貫，“他們劃到了靜水之外，綁在船上的沙灘傘遇到了風(fēng)，把他們的船牽引到開闊的水面。他們驚慌失措，想劃回岸邊。但是他們敵不過風(fēng)，船失去控制”， 上下貫通，語意銜接，故選D。

　　閱讀下列短文的節(jié)選，從每題所給的A、B、C和D項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 1. What does the underlined word “them” refer to? A. Customers of Sparrow restaurants

　　B. Sparrow restaurants

　　C. Customers of other fast-food chains

　　D. other fast-food chains

　　即學(xué)即用 解析：D

　　代詞指代題。由表示對(duì)比的while可知，麻雀餐館的顧客對(duì)連鎖店持非常肯定的態(tài)度，而別的快餐連鎖店的顧客也不愿意離開“它們”。這個(gè)“它們”應(yīng)是指“別的快餐連鎖店”。

　　2. The underlined part “it” refers to__________. A. a taxi

　　B. the money

　　C. a bomb

　　D. public transport

　　解析：D

　　代替前句中的public transport，將其代入it的位置，理解上下文，看語意是否連貫：現(xiàn)在到了晚上10點(diǎn)鐘后寧愿花一大筆錢搭的也不坐公交車了。我過去常坐公交車，但現(xiàn)在害怕了。上下文語意貫通，故選D。

　　3.The underlined word “they” refers to _______. A. the dogs

　　B. the trainers

　　C. the systems

　　D. the researchers

　　解析：B

　　句中that引導(dǎo)定語從句并代表先行詞dogs作approach的賓語；從句主語they指什么？即需要接近狗的是誰?當(dāng)然是“馴狗師”，故選B。

　　4. The underlined word “one” in the third paragraph refers to__________. A. the President

　　B. the director

　　C. an actor

　　D. a look-alike

　　解析：D

　　聯(lián)系上句可知答案。前句說總統(tǒng)開始在公共場合使用替身(look-alikes)，后來Dave有機(jī)會(huì)成為了其中的一員，可以猜測出one應(yīng)該是a look-alike。