定語從句

　　一、用適當的介詞＋關系代詞完成句子。

　　1.I need to call my friend Mary, ________ ________ the book was left in my office.

　　答案　of whom

　　2.Eric received training in computer for one year, ________ ________ he found a job in a big company.

　　答案　after which

　　3.A lot of clubs have been organized in the school, ________ ________ students can get enriched and improve themselves.

　　答案　in which

　　4.The place ________ ________ the bridge is supposed to be built should be where the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.

　　答案　at which

　　5. Mark was a student at this university from 2002 to 2006, ________ ________ ________ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students' Union.

　　答案　during which time

　　6.Walkers can unconsciously damage the fragile environment ________ ________ the birds live.

　　答案　in which

　　7.This was returned because the person ________ ________ this letter was addressed had died three years ago.

　　答案　to whom

　　8.This is my pair of glasses, ________ ________ I cannot see clearly.

　　答案　without which

　　9.The letter ________ ________ he has been waiting is from his former head teacher.

　　答案　for which

　　10. Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, ________ ________ everyone is clapping and appreciating your music？

　　答案　at which

　　二、下列句子中均有一處關系詞使用錯誤，請改正。

　　1.This is the hospital when her sister had an operation.

　　答案　when→where

　　2.The whole city, 75% of its factories and buildings were gone, lay in ruins.

　　答案　its→whose

　　3.Can you think of some cases in that drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didn't obey them？

　　答案　that→which

　　4.There are two lakes, where cover nearly one thousand square kilometers.

　　答案　where→which

　　5.The yellow house which windows face south is the place where I spent my childhood.

　　答案　which→whose

　　6.Everyone has periods in their lives that everything seems very hard.

　　答案　that→when或during which

　　7.John once talked to his mom about the people and cities which he had visited abroad.

　　答案　which→that

　　8.Those which were trapped under the ruins finally got rescued.

　　答案　which→who

　　9.The couple will fly to France for their honeymoon on their first stop, which they plan to stay for three days.

　　答案　which→where或在其前加in

　　10.I gave that boy so difficult a math problem which he couldn't work out.

　　答案　which→as

　　三、根據句意用適當的定語從句的關系詞填空。

　　1.He returned to his hometown ________ he lived with his family after graduating from the university.

　　答案　where

　　2.In a sports team each player has a clear role, and there are few occasions ________ members are confused or uncertain of their roles.

　　答案　when

　　3.I don't know the reason ________ you lied to your parents, but you'd better explain.

　　答案　why

　　4.I will never forget the three years ________ I spent in the junior middle school.

　　答案　that/which

　　5.The audience, most of ________ were students, were very excited to see Li Yang performing on the stage.

　　答案　whom

　　6.I have lost a book ________ title escapes me at the moment.

　　答案　whose

　　7.We are likely drawn to those ________ have a good opinion of us.

　　答案　who

　　8.Li Jiacheng, for ________ life had once been very hard, got success and became the richest man in China.

　　答案　whom

　　9.Respecting others' property and personal space, ________ is the foundation to maintain peace in the dormitory, should be obeyed.

　　答案　which

　　10.The number of the young people in the United States ________ can't read is large.

　　答案　who/that

　　11.His brother, ________ is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.

　　答案　who

　　12.He set free the birds happily, ________ was a celebration for his success.

　　答案　which

　　13.There seems to be nothing ________ seems impossible for him in the world.

　　答案　that

　　14.In a situation ________ two teams are equally matched, the field advantage becomes a factor.

　　答案　where

　　15.He has been to Paris several times, ________ I don't believe.

　　答案　which

　　四、語法填空

　　(2024·吉林長春質監)

　　A man went to a barbershop to have his hair cut. As soon as the barber began to work, they started chatting. They talked __1__ so many things and various subjects. When they __2__ (final) touched on the subject of God, the barber said: “I don't believe that God exists.”

　　“Why do you say that？” asked the customer.

　　“Well, you just have to go out in __3__ street to prove that. Tell me, if God existed, would there be so many sick people? Would there be abandoned children? If God existed, there __4__ be neither suffering nor pain. I can't imagine __5__ (love) a God who would allow all of these things to happen.”

　　The customer thought for a moment, but didn't respond because he didn't want to start an __6__ (argue). After everything __7__ (do) and just after he left the barber's, he saw a man in the street with long dirty hair. The customer entered the barber's again and said, “You know what? __8__ do not exist.”

　　“How can you say that？” asked the surprised barber. “I am here, and I am a barber. And I just __9__ (work) on you！”

　　“No！” the customer said. “Barbers don't exist because __10__ they did, there would be no people with long dirty hair, like that man outside.”

　　答案與解析　

　　語篇解讀　本文是一個小故事，講述的是一位男士到理發店去理發時發生的事。

　　1.about　考查介詞。talk about sth.表示“討論某事”，為固定搭配。

　　2.finally　考查詞類轉換。修飾動詞touched應用final的副詞形式finally。

　　3.the　考查冠詞。in the street表示“在街上”，為固定搭配。

　　4.would/should/could/might　考查虛擬語氣。此處虛擬條件句表示對現在的虛擬，主句謂語形式為“would/could/might/should＋動詞原形”。

　　5.loving　考查固定用法。imagine doing sth.表示“想象做某事”。

　　6.argument　考查詞類轉換。根據前面的不定冠詞an可知，此處需要用名詞argument。

　　7.was done　考查動詞的時態和語態。由后面的left可知，此處應用一般過去時，又因do和everything是動賓關系，故填was done。

　　8.Barbers　考查語境理解。由“I am here, and I am a barber...”可知填Barbers。

　　9.worked　考查動詞的時態和語態。“我”剛剛給你理了頭發。此處是描述過去發生的事，故應用一般過去時。I與work為主謂關系，故填worked。

　　10.if　考查連詞。if引導條件狀語從句，意為“如果”。

　　五、閱讀理解

　　(2024·四川卷)

　　Their cheery song brightens many a winter's day. But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing all night—as well as during the day, British-based researchers say.

　　David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.

　　Dr Dominoni, who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could put the birds' health at risk. His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day. And the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night.

　　He told people at a conference, “There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy.”

　　And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. Dr Dominoni said, “In Glasgow where I live, gulls are a serious problem. I have people coming to me saying ‘You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill these gulls？’. During the breeding (繁殖) season, between April and June, they are very active at night and very noisy and people can't sleep.”

　　Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution, other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise.

　　However, some birds thrive (興旺) in noisy environments. A study from California Polytechnic State University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery. It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators (天敵) fleeing to quieter areas.

　　語篇解讀　本文是一篇研究類文章。夜間燈光及嘈雜的城市環境導致知更鳥整夜長鳴，這不僅會消耗它們的能量，而且對它們的健康有害。

　　1.According to Dr Dominoni's study, what causes robins to sing so much？

　　A. The breeding season.

　　B. The light in modern life.

　　C. The dangerous environment.

　　D. The noise from heavy machinery.

　　答案與解析　B　考查細節理解。根據第二段中的“light from street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep”可知答案為B。

　　2.What is the researchers' concern over the increase of birds' song output？

　　A. The environment might be polluted.

　　B. The birds' health might be damaged.

　　C. The industry cost might be increased.

　　D. The people's hearing might be affected.

　　答案與解析　B　考查細節理解。根據第一段中的“But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much”及第四段中的最后一句可知答案為B。

　　3.What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean？

　　A. Active at night.

　　B. Inactive at night.

　　C. Active during the day.

　　D. Inactive during the day.

　　答案與解析　A　考查詞義猜測。根據畫線詞所在段中的“being kept awake”及“During the breeding (繁殖) season, between April and June, they are very active at night”可知，nocturnal的意思應是“夜間活動的”，故選A。

　　4.Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments？

　　A. Because there are fewer dangers.

　　B. Because there is more food to eat.

　　C. Because there is less light pollution.

　　D. Because there are more places to take shelter.

　　答案與解析　A　考查推理判斷。根據最后一段中的“It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators (天敵) fleeing to quieter areas”可推知A項正確。

　　六、短文改錯

　　(2024·江西九江統考)

　　One day, I saw a poster which reads that a speech contest with the topic “honesty” would be held at the lecture hall the next Saturday morning.

　　With my parents' encourage, I joined in the contest. At first I felt at loss about my speech draft. After referred to some magazines, I got down to my draft. Having tailored it for several time, I practiced my speech at home every day. My parents were more than pleased to see us so devoted.

　　Then came the day for my speech. A few bit nervous as I was, I managed to deliver my speech fluently. I've learned a lot of from the contest. Confidence comes hand to hand with adequate preparations. Well prepared, I can do everything successful.

　　答案　

　　One day, I saw a poster which

　　that a speech contest with the topic “honesty” would be held at the lecture hall the next Saturday morning.

　　With my parents' ， I joined in the contest. At first I felt at

　　loss about my speech draft. After

　　to some magazines, I got down to my draft. Having tailored it for several ， I practiced my speech at home every day. My parents were more than pleased to see

　　so devoted. Then came the day for my speech. A few

　　little或few bit nervous as I was, I managed to deliver my speech fluently. I've learned a lot of

　　from the contest. Confidence comes hand

　　hand with adequate preparations. Well prepared, I can do everything .

　　定語從句

　　一、用適當的介詞＋關系代詞完成句子。

　　1.I need to call my friend Mary, ________ ________ the book was left in my office.

　　答案　of whom

　　2.Eric received training in computer for one year, ________ ________ he found a job in a big company.

　　答案　after which

　　3.A lot of clubs have been organized in the school, ________ ________ students can get enriched and improve themselves.

　　答案　in which

　　4.The place ________ ________ the bridge is supposed to be built should be where the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.

　　答案　at which

　　5. Mark was a student at this university from 2002 to 2006, ________ ________ ________ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students' Union.

　　答案　during which time

　　6.Walkers can unconsciously damage the fragile environment ________ ________ the birds live.

　　答案　in which

　　7.This was returned because the person ________ ________ this letter was addressed had died three years ago.

　　答案　to whom

　　8.This is my pair of glasses, ________ ________ I cannot see clearly.

　　答案　without which

　　9.The letter ________ ________ he has been waiting is from his former head teacher.

　　答案　for which

　　10. Have you ever dreamed of playing in front of thousands of people at a concert, ________ ________ everyone is clapping and appreciating your music？

　　答案　at which

　　二、下列句子中均有一處關系詞使用錯誤，請改正。

　　1.This is the hospital when her sister had an operation.

　　答案　when→where

　　2.The whole city, 75% of its factories and buildings were gone, lay in ruins.

　　答案　its→whose

　　3.Can you think of some cases in that drivers obviously knew the traffic rules but didn't obey them？

　　答案　that→which

　　4.There are two lakes, where cover nearly one thousand square kilometers.

　　答案　where→which

　　5.The yellow house which windows face south is the place where I spent my childhood.

　　答案　which→whose

　　6.Everyone has periods in their lives that everything seems very hard.

　　答案　that→when或during which

　　7.John once talked to his mom about the people and cities which he had visited abroad.

　　答案　which→that

　　8.Those which were trapped under the ruins finally got rescued.

　　答案　which→who

　　9.The couple will fly to France for their honeymoon on their first stop, which they plan to stay for three days.

　　答案　which→where或在其前加in

　　10.I gave that boy so difficult a math problem which he couldn't work out.

　　答案　which→as

　　三、根據句意用適當的定語從句的關系詞填空。

　　1.He returned to his hometown ________ he lived with his family after graduating from the university.

　　答案　where

　　2.In a sports team each player has a clear role, and there are few occasions ________ members are confused or uncertain of their roles.

　　答案　when

　　3.I don't know the reason ________ you lied to your parents, but you'd better explain.

　　答案　why

　　4.I will never forget the three years ________ I spent in the junior middle school.

　　答案　that/which

　　5.The audience, most of ________ were students, were very excited to see Li Yang performing on the stage.

　　答案　whom

　　6.I have lost a book ________ title escapes me at the moment.

　　答案　whose

　　7.We are likely drawn to those ________ have a good opinion of us.

　　答案　who

　　8.Li Jiacheng, for ________ life had once been very hard, got success and became the richest man in China.

　　答案　whom

　　9.Respecting others' property and personal space, ________ is the foundation to maintain peace in the dormitory, should be obeyed.

　　答案　which

　　10.The number of the young people in the United States ________ can't read is large.

　　答案　who/that

　　11.His brother, ________ is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.

　　答案　who

　　12.He set free the birds happily, ________ was a celebration for his success.

　　答案　which

　　13.There seems to be nothing ________ seems impossible for him in the world.

　　答案　that

　　14.In a situation ________ two teams are equally matched, the field advantage becomes a factor.

　　答案　where

　　15.He has been to Paris several times, ________ I don't believe.

　　答案　which

　　四、語法填空

　　(2024·吉林長春質監)

　　A man went to a barbershop to have his hair cut. As soon as the barber began to work, they started chatting. They talked __1__ so many things and various subjects. When they __2__ (final) touched on the subject of God, the barber said: “I don't believe that God exists.”

　　“Why do you say that？” asked the customer.

　　“Well, you just have to go out in __3__ street to prove that. Tell me, if God existed, would there be so many sick people? Would there be abandoned children? If God existed, there __4__ be neither suffering nor pain. I can't imagine __5__ (love) a God who would allow all of these things to happen.”

　　The customer thought for a moment, but didn't respond because he didn't want to start an __6__ (argue). After everything __7__ (do) and just after he left the barber's, he saw a man in the street with long dirty hair. The customer entered the barber's again and said, “You know what? __8__ do not exist.”

　　“How can you say that？” asked the surprised barber. “I am here, and I am a barber. And I just __9__ (work) on you！”

　　“No！” the customer said. “Barbers don't exist because __10__ they did, there would be no people with long dirty hair, like that man outside.”

　　答案與解析　

　　語篇解讀　本文是一個小故事，講述的是一位男士到理發店去理發時發生的事。

　　1.about　考查介詞。talk about sth.表示“討論某事”，為固定搭配。

　　2.finally　考查詞類轉換。修飾動詞touched應用final的副詞形式finally。

　　3.the　考查冠詞。in the street表示“在街上”，為固定搭配。

　　4.would/should/could/might　考查虛擬語氣。此處虛擬條件句表示對現在的虛擬，主句謂語形式為“would/could/might/should＋動詞原形”。

　　5.loving　考查固定用法。imagine doing sth.表示“想象做某事”。

　　6.argument　考查詞類轉換。根據前面的不定冠詞an可知，此處需要用名詞argument。

　　7.was done　考查動詞的時態和語態。由后面的left可知，此處應用一般過去時，又因do和everything是動賓關系，故填was done。

　　8.Barbers　考查語境理解。由“I am here, and I am a barber...”可知填Barbers。

　　9.worked　考查動詞的時態和語態。“我”剛剛給你理了頭發。此處是描述過去發生的事，故應用一般過去時。I與work為主謂關系，故填worked。

　　10.if　考查連詞。if引導條件狀語從句，意為“如果”。

　　五、閱讀理解

　　(2024·四川卷)

　　Their cheery song brightens many a winter's day. But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much. Robins are singing all night—as well as during the day, British-based researchers say.

　　David Dominoni, of Glasgow University, said that light from street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep.

　　Dr Dominoni, who is putting cameras inside nesting boxes to track sleeping patterns, said lack of sleep could put the birds' health at risk. His study shows that when robins are exposed to light at night in the lab, it leads to some genes being active at the wrong time of day. And the more birds are exposed to light, the more active they are at night.

　　He told people at a conference, “There have been a couple of studies suggesting they are increasing their song output at night and during the day they are still singing. Singing is a costly behaviour and it takes energy. So by increasing their song output, there might be some costs of energy.”

　　And it is not just robins that are being kept awake by artificial light. Blackbirds and seagulls are also being more nocturnal. Dr Dominoni said, “In Glasgow where I live, gulls are a serious problem. I have people coming to me saying ‘You are the bird expert. Can you help us kill these gulls？’. During the breeding (繁殖) season, between April and June, they are very active at night and very noisy and people can't sleep.”

　　Although Dr Dominoni has only studied light pollution, other research concluded that robins living in noisy cities have started to sing at night to make themselves heard over loud noise.

　　However, some birds thrive (興旺) in noisy environments. A study from California Polytechnic State University found more hummingbirds in areas with heavy industrial machinery. It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators (天敵) fleeing to quieter areas.

　　語篇解讀　本文是一篇研究類文章。夜間燈光及嘈雜的城市環境導致知更鳥整夜長鳴，這不僅會消耗它們的能量，而且對它們的健康有害。

　　1.According to Dr Dominoni's study, what causes robins to sing so much？

　　A. The breeding season.

　　B. The light in modern life.

　　C. The dangerous environment.

　　D. The noise from heavy machinery.

　　答案與解析　B　考查細節理解。根據第二段中的“light from street lamps, takeaway signs and homes is affecting the birds' biological clocks, leading to them being wide awake when they should be asleep”可知答案為B。

　　2.What is the researchers' concern over the increase of birds' song output？

　　A. The environment might be polluted.

　　B. The birds' health might be damaged.

　　C. The industry cost might be increased.

　　D. The people's hearing might be affected.

　　答案與解析　B　考查細節理解。根據第一段中的“But robins are in danger of wearing themselves out by singing too much”及第四段中的最后一句可知答案為B。

　　3.What does the underlined word “nocturnal” in Paragraph 5 mean？

　　A. Active at night.

　　B. Inactive at night.

　　C. Active during the day.

　　D. Inactive during the day.

　　答案與解析　A　考查詞義猜測。根據畫線詞所在段中的“being kept awake”及“During the breeding (繁殖) season, between April and June, they are very active at night”可知，nocturnal的意思應是“夜間活動的”，故選A。

　　4.Why do some birds thrive in noisy environments？

　　A. Because there are fewer dangers.

　　B. Because there is more food to eat.

　　C. Because there is less light pollution.

　　D. Because there are more places to take shelter.

　　答案與解析　A　考查推理判斷。根據最后一段中的“It is thought that they are capitalising on their predators (天敵) fleeing to quieter areas”可推知A項正確。

　　六、短文改錯

　　(2024·江西九江統考)

　　One day, I saw a poster which reads that a speech contest with the topic “honesty” would be held at the lecture hall the next Saturday morning.

　　With my parents' encourage, I joined in the contest. At first I felt at loss about my speech draft. After referred to some magazines, I got down to my draft. Having tailored it for several time, I practiced my speech at home every day. My parents were more than pleased to see us so devoted.

　　Then came the day for my speech. A few bit nervous as I was, I managed to deliver my speech fluently. I've learned a lot of from the contest. Confidence comes hand to hand with adequate preparations. Well prepared, I can do everything successful.

　　答案　

　　One day, I saw a poster which

　　that a speech contest with the topic “honesty” would be held at the lecture hall the next Saturday morning.

　　With my parents' ， I joined in the contest. At first I felt at

　　loss about my speech draft. After

　　to some magazines, I got down to my draft. Having tailored it for several ， I practiced my speech at home every day. My parents were more than pleased to see

　　so devoted. Then came the day for my speech. A few

　　little或few bit nervous as I was, I managed to deliver my speech fluently. I've learned a lot of

　　from the contest. Confidence comes hand

　　hand with adequate preparations. Well prepared, I can do everything .