一、名詞性從句的定義、種類及引導詞

　　在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句 (Noun Clauses)。 名詞性從句可分為主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。名詞性從句的引導詞有：

　　連接詞(5個)：that，if/whether(是否)，as though和 as if

　　連接代詞(9個)：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever

　　連接副詞(7個)：when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however

　　1．主語從句：作句子主語的從句叫主語從句。

　　That she will do well in her exam is certain.

　　她將考得好是肯定的。

　　Who will win the match is still unknown.

　　誰能贏得這場比賽還不得而知。

　　2．賓語從句：作句子賓語的從句叫賓語從句。

　　He told us that he felt better.

　　Tom wanted to know where the meeting would be held.

　　3．表語從句：作句子表語的從句叫表語從句。表語從句位于系動詞后。其基本結構為：

　　主語＋系動詞(be/seem/remain/look/appear, etc.)＋表語從句。

　　The fact is that we have lost the game.

　　事實是我們已經輸了這場比賽。

　　This is where our problem lies.

　　這就是我們的問題所在。

　　常用的還有The reason is that… 和It is because 等結構。

　　The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.

　　4．同位語從句

　　作名詞同位語的從句叫同位語從句，同位語從句說明其前面的名詞(如advice，demand，doubt，fact，hope，idea，information，message，news，order，problem，promise，question，request，suggestion，truth，wish，word等)的具體內容。同位語從句通常由that引導，不能省略。同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。

　　The news that we won the game is exciting.

　　我們贏得這場比賽的消息令人激動。

　　I have no idea when he will come back home.

　　我不知道他什么時候回家。

　　He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.

　　他從瑪莉那里得知運動會推遲了。

　　二、考點薈萃

　　1．考點1　形式主語it 在含有主語從句的句子中的運用

　　用it 作形式主語的結構有：1)It is ＋名詞＋從句

　　It is a fact that… 事實是……

　　It is an honor that… 非常榮幸……

　　It is common knowledge that … ……是常識

　　It is common sense that… ……是常識

　　It is a surprise that… 令人驚奇的是……

　　It is a pity that… 遺憾的是……

　　2)It is ＋形容詞＋從句

　　It is natural that… 很自然……

　　It is strange that… 奇怪的是……

　　It is necessary that… 有必要……

　　It is important that… 重要的是……

　　It is obvious that… 很明顯……

　　3)It＋不及物動詞＋從句

　　It seems that… 似乎……

　　It occurred to me that…我突然想起……

　　It happened that… 碰巧……

　　4)It ＋過去分詞＋從句

　　It is reported that…據報道……

　　It is believed that…人們相信……

　　It is known to all that…眾所周知……

　　It has been decided that…已決定……

　　It has been proved that…已證實……

　　2．考點2　形式賓語it 在含有賓語從句的句子中的運用

　　it 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語，而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。用it 作形式賓語的結構有：

　　1)動詞＋it＋賓補(形容詞、過去分詞或名詞)＋that從句

　　I think it important that we should keep calm.

　　He's made it clear that he won't agree to the plan.

　　We find it necessary that we practise English daily.

　　I heard it said that she had gone abroad.

　　She made it a duty that she takes care of her sick mother.

　　2)介詞/動詞＋it＋that從句的特殊結構(it 作引導詞)

　　You may depend on it that they'll support you.

　　I take it that you don't agree with me.

　　You can count on it that he is very smart.

　　I shall see to it that he is taken good care of.

　　3．考點3　名詞性從句中what與 that的區別

　　that引導的名詞性從句表事實，that在從句中不充當句子成分；what引導的名詞性從句表疑問或肯定，what在句中充當主語、賓語或表語。

　　I want to know what you are going to do tomorrow.

　　What we need is more time.

　　I know that you're better now.

　　4．考點4　名詞性從句的語序應用陳述語序：主語＋謂語

　　He asked how much I paid for a violin.

　　5．考點5　賓語從句的時態呼應

　　當主句動詞是現在時，從句根據自身的句子情況，而使用不同時態。當主句動詞是過去時(could/would除外)，從句則要用相應的過去時態；當從句表示的是客觀真理、科學原理、自然現象時，則從句仍用一般現在時態。

　　I know (that) he will study English next year.(從句用一般將來時)

　　I know he has studied English since 1998.(從句用現在完成時)

　　The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America.(從句用過去完成時)

　　The teacher told us that the earth goes round the sun.(從句用一般現在時)

　　6．考點6　that 不可省略的情況

　　1) 由連接詞that引導賓語從句時，that常被省去，但如果從句是并列句時，第二個或以后幾個分句前的that不能省略。

　　2) 從句作介詞but，except，in等的賓語時that不可省。

　　3) 在主＋謂＋it (形式賓語)＋賓補＋that從句(真正賓語) 的句型中不能省略。

　　4) that引導的同位語從句、表語從句和主語從句。

　　We must make it clear that we mean what we say.

　　We must never think we are good in everything and that others are good in nothing.

　　I know nothing about him except that he is from the north.

　　7．考點7　同位語從句和定語從句的區別

　　同位語從句對先行詞起解釋說明的作用，而定語從句對先行詞起修飾限制的作用。當用that引導定語從句，that在從句中作賓語時可以省略； 當that引導同位語從句時，that一般不能省略。

　　I had no idea that you were here.(that引導同位語從句，不能省略)

　　Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？(that引導定語從句，作give的直接賓語，可以省略)

　　8．考點8　只用whether的情況，不用if 的情況

　　1)在動詞不定式之前。

　　I can't decide whether to stay here.

　　2)在whether…or not 的固定搭配中。

　　I want to know whether it's good news or not.

　　3)在介詞后，只能用whether。

　　His father is worried about whether he lost his work.

　　4)同位語從句、表語從句，主語從句位于句首及賓語從句放在句首表示強調時。

　　They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy.(同位語從句)

　　Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved.(主語從句位于句首)

　　The point is whether we should lend him the money.(表語從句)

　　Whether this is true or not, I really don't know.(賓語從句放在句首表示強調)

　　9．考點9　疑問詞＋ever和no matter＋疑問詞的區別

　　1)疑問詞＋ever(無論……)可以引導名詞性從句和讓步狀語從句。

　　Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.(名詞性從句，作主語)

　　Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished.(讓步狀語從句，作狀語)

　　＝No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.

　　2)no matter＋疑問詞，只能引導讓步狀語從句

　　No matter who breaks the rule, he must be punished.

　　10．考點10　賓語從句中的虛擬語氣、否定前移

　　1)在demand，order，suggest，decide，insist, desire, request, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動詞后，賓語從句常用“(should)＋動詞原形”。

　　I insist that she (should) do her work alone.

　　我堅持要她自己工作。

　　2)賓語從句的否定前移。think, believe, imagine, suppose等動詞引導的否定性賓語從句中，要把上述主句中的動詞變為否定式，即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。

　　I don't think this dress fits you well.

　　我認為這件衣服不適合你穿。

　　I don't believe he will do so, will he?

　　我相信他不會這樣做，是嗎？

　　11．考點11　名詞性從句中的插入成分

　　1)用于陳述句的插入語結構。

　　含think, suppose, guess, say, imagine, expect, believe等動詞的插入語，直接將疑問詞放在句子中間，不用逗號隔開。

　　2)用于疑問句的插入語結構。

　　含think, suppose, guess, say, imagine, expect, believe等動詞的疑問句，后接含疑問詞的賓語從句時，要將疑問詞放在句首。

　　三、名詞性從句考點評析

　　在2007－2009三年的廣東高考英語試卷語法填空題中，分別考查了一個名詞性從句：

　　2007：When I realized that the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to_______should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house.

　　【答案】who　由who 引導的名詞性從句，who 在句中作主語，引導as to 的賓語從句。

　　2008：One day, he came up with an idea ______ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.

　　2009：She remembered how difficult______was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.

　　【答案】that　由that引導的同位語從句，解釋說明an idea 的具體內容。

　　【答案】it　考查的是remembered的賓語從句，it 在句中作形式主語。

　　2008：One day, he came up with an idea ______ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.

　　2009：She remembered how difficult______was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.

　　【答案】that　由that引導的同位語從句，解釋說明an idea 的具體內容。

　　【答案】it　考查的是remembered的賓語從句，it 在句中作形式主語。

　　名詞性從句歷年來都是高考必考的語法項目之一，同學們要學會熟練運用定語從句。

　　一、用適當的詞填空。

　　1．The companies are working together to create________they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century.

　　2. She is very dear to us.We have been prepared to do ________ it takes to save her life.

　　3．The fact has worried many scientists ________ the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.

　　4．Could I speak to__________is in charge of International Sales please?

　　5．Tomorrow is Tom's birthday.Have you got any idea ________the party is to be held?

　　what

　　whatever

　　that

　　whoever

　　where

　　6．Having checked the doors were closed，and________all the lights were off，the boy opened the door to his bedroom.

　　7．Lei Feng was always thinking of________ he could help others.

　　8．________ is known to us all is that the 2008 Olympic Games took place in Beijing.

　　9．It is obvious to the students ________ they should get well prepared for their future.

　　10．Is there any possibility ________ you could pick me up at the airport?

　　that

　　how

　　What　

　　that　

　　that

　　11．________ he passed the examination or not was not our concern.

　　12．Since you have seen both boxers, ________ do you think will win?

　　13．The little girl who got lost decided to remain ________she was and wait for her mother.

　　14．The last time we had great fun was ________ we were visiting the Water Park.

　　15．________team wins on Saturday will go through to the national championships.

　　Whether　

　　who　

　　where

　　when

　　Whichever

　　16．That is just ________ they are mistaken.

　　17．—What did your parents think about your decision?

　　—They always let me do__________I think I should.

　　18．________makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.

　　19．Mary wrote an article on________the team had failed to win the game.

　　20．There are so many kinds of dictionaries in the shop.I can't decide ________ dictionary I should buy.

　　where

　　what　

　　What　

　　why

　　which

　　二、用名詞性從句完成下面句子。

　　1．The news_______________________________(那棟房子被燒毀) last night surprised everyone.

　　2．____________________________(他是否出過國)doesn't make much difference.

　　3．____________________(無論誰來這兒) will be welcome.

　　4．No one can be sure________________________________ (人類看上去將會是什么樣) in million years.

　　5．It is obvious to the students_____________________________________ (他們應該為將來作好充分的準備)their future.

　　that the house was burnt down　

　　Whether he has been abroad or not　

　　Whoever comes here

　　what man will look like

　　that they should get well prepared for

　　6．_____________________________________ (我們去哪里過周末) has not been decided yet.

　　7．That is ______________ (我昨天沒來的原因) yesterday.

　　8．His suggestion is_________________________________ (我們要保護當地的環境) while developing economy is highly thought of by government.

　　9．_____________________ (讓我最吃驚的) was that he wrote some of his best pieces after he became deaf.

　　10．You are saying that everyone should be equal, and this is__________________ (我不同意之處)．

　　Where we are going to spend the weekend　

　　why I didn't come

　　that we (should) protect local environment

　　What surprised me most

　　where I disagree

　　三、根據短文意思，在橫線上填上適當的詞。

　　I am going to tell you 1.________ happened in my restaurant today.