情態動詞與虛擬語氣

　　一、單句填空

　　1．(2024·北京，29改編)—Can't you stay a little longer?

　　—It's getting late.I really________go now. My daughter is home alone.

　　答案：must　句意為：——你不能再呆一會兒嗎？——天色晚了。我真的必須得走了。我女兒一個人在家。根據語境中“天晚了”和“女兒一個人在家”可知，這里表示必須得走了。must意為“必須”。

　　2．(2024·安徽黃山第二次質檢改編)—I'm afraid I have to leave now, for you see, he is waiting for me.

　　—Well, if you ________， at least wait till the heavy rain stops.

　　答案：must　句意為：——恐怕現在我不得不離開了，因為你知道，他在等我?！玫模绻惴堑米?，至少要等到大雨停了再走。根據語境可知填must，意為“偏要；非得”。

　　3．(2024·陜西，25改編)My book，The House of Hades, is missing.Who ______ have taken it?

　　答案：could　句意為：我那本《決戰冥王圣殿》不見了。誰會把它拿走了呢？由句意可知，設空處表示說話者對過去發生事情的一種疑問的推測，故填could。

　　4．(2024·安徽，32改編)It is lucky we booked a room，or we ________have nowhere to stay now.

　　答案：would/could/should/might　句意為：幸虧我們預訂了一個房間，要不然我們現在就無處可呆了。根據語境可知，or后面的句子表示與現在事實相反的情況，此處為含蓄虛擬語氣，句子謂語動詞用“would/could/should/might＋動詞原形”結構。

　　5．(2024·四川成都二診改編)Film reviewers are surprised to find that Han Han's first film, The Contrinent, ________ be such a huge success.

　　答案：should　句意為：影評家們很吃驚地發現韓寒的第一部電影《后會無期》，竟然獲得如此巨大的成功。表示“竟然”應用should。

　　6．(2024·浙江杭州地區七校模擬改編)When you phoned me, I was having a meeting; how I wish I ________(answer) your call.

　　答案：had answered　句意為：當你給我打電話的時候，我正在開會。我多么希望我(之前)接了你的電話。wish后的從句中用虛擬語氣，根據句意可知是對過去情況的虛擬，所以謂語動詞用had done形式。

　　7．(2024·湖南懷化質檢改編)Had it not been for my teacher's help, I wouldn't________(win)the first place in contest.

　　答案：have won　條件從句中的謂語動詞用“had＋過去分詞”，主句中的謂語動詞用“should/would/could/might＋have done”。根據句意答案為have won。

　　8．(2024·湖南，22改編)If Mr.Dewey ______(be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.

　　答案：had been　句意為：如果杜威先生在場的話，他就會為那里的人提供任何可能的幫助。從主句中的would have offered可以看出，從句表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，故應用過去完成時。

　　9．(2024·甘肅天水一中段考改編)John wants to see me now, but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he ________(come) tomorrow than today.

　　答案：came　would rather后面接從句時，從句中的謂語動詞通常要用一般過去時，表示對現在或將來的假設。

　　10．(2024·陜西，17改編)If my car______(be)more reliable，I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.

　　答案：had been　句意為：如果我的車更可靠點兒的話，我去年夏天就會開車去拉薩，而不是坐飛機去了。根據語境可知，此處是對過去事實的虛擬，故if條件句用過去完成時，主句謂語用“would/could/might/should＋have＋過去分詞”。

　　11．(2024·北京，34改編)If I________(see) it with my own eyes，I wouldn't have believed it.

　　答案：hadn't seen　根據主句中“wouldn't have believed”可以判斷是對過去的虛擬。句意：如果不是我親眼看到，我不會相信。

　　12．(2024·天津，7改編)I ________have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me.

　　答案：needn't　needn't have done為情態動詞中表虛擬的用法，意思為“本不必做某事卻做了”。

　　13．(2024·陜西，21改編)You ________feel all the training a waste of time，but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.

　　答案：may　情態動詞may表推測時，意為“或許，可能”。句意：你或許覺得所有的訓練都是浪費時間，但是我敢百分百保證，你以后一定會感恩你這么做了。

　　14．(2024·陜西，23改編)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I ________(dance) as well as her.

　　答案：danced　wish后接從句，從句用虛擬語氣。敘述與現在事實相反，謂語動詞用過去式(be用were)；敘述與將來事實相反，謂語動詞用could/should/would do；敘述與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用had done。由語境可知，此處表示與現在事實相反，故謂語動詞用過去式。句意：艾倫是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一樣好那該有多好啊。

　　15．(2024·福建，27改編)—Sorry，Mum！I failed the job interview again.

　　—Oh，it's too bad.You ________ have made full preparations.

　　答案：should　should have done本應該干某事而事實上沒干。由failed可知“我”沒做好充分的準備，因此用should have done。

　　二、語法填空

　　(2024·廣東省六校聯考改編)

　　Drunk driving, a major concern currently, is not a funny thing, __1__ has killed many people and ruined the lives of many others.

　　At present,

　　traffic accidents become “the world's first harm”．

　　Two months ago, after __2__(drink) a lot of alcohol, my friend's uncle drove his car home. He was __3__(heavy) drunk, but he still drove home by himself. On the road near his home, an old lady was going across the road, __4__ his uncle didn't notice her and he was still moving on under the influence of alcohol. And __5__ old lady didn't see his uncle, either. In the end, the lady died.

　　__6__ it not been for his uncle's drunkenness, the terrible accident would not have happened. If the lady __7__(die), she would live a happy life with her daughters and sons. And his uncle's home was also destroyed by his uncle.

　　Therefore,

　　two __8__(family) were destroyed.

　　I wish more people __9__(can) realize the seriousness

　　of

　　drunk

　　driving

　　and

　　obey

　　the

　　traffic regulationsfaithfully.Alwaysremember：refuse __10__(drink) and drive, and give a safe world to you and me!

　　1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______

　　6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______

　　答案：

　　1．which　thing后是非限制性定語從句，引導詞在從句中作主語，故填which。

　　2．drinking　after在此是介詞，后跟動名詞。

　　3．heavily　修飾was drunk用副詞。

　　4．but　由didn't notice判斷，該空所用詞表示轉折，故填but。

　　5．the　特指上文提到的lady，故填定冠詞。

　　6．Had　根據主句中的would not have happened判斷，逗號前面是一個虛擬語氣的條件句，句子的謂語應用had done形式；但是因為省略了if，所以要把had提前到句首，由此可判斷出該空填Had。

　　7．hadn't died　if引導的是一個與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣句子，故應用過去完成時，填hadn't died。

　　8．families　集體名詞family在此是被看作整體，此處指“兩個家庭”，應用其復數形式families。

　　9．could　wish后的從句用虛擬語氣，此處表示與現在事實相反的情況，所以填could。

　　10．to drink　refuse后用動詞不定式作賓語，refuse to do sth.“拒絕做某事”。

　　三、語法填空

　　(2024·長春市二模)

　　A man went to a barbershop to have his hair cut. As the barber began to work, they started chatting. They talked __1__ so many things and various subjects. When they __2__(final) touched on the subject of God, the barber said，“I don't believe that God exists.”

　　“Why do you say that？” asked the customer.

　　“Well, you just have to go out in

　　__3__

　　street to prove that. Tell me, if God existed, would there be so many sick people? Would there be abandoned children? If God existed, there

　　__4__ be neither suffering nor pain. I can't imagine __5__(love) a God who would allow all of these things to happen.”

　　The customer thought for a moment, but didn't respond because he didn't want to start an __6__(argue). After everything __7__(do) and just after he left the barber's, he saw a man in the street with long dirty hair. The customer entered the barber's again and said, “You know what?

　　__8__ do not exist. ”

　　“How can you say that？” asked the surprised Barber. “I am here, and I am a barber. And I just __9__(work) on you！”

　　“No！” the customer said. “barbers don't exist because __10__

　　they did, there would be no people with dirty long hair, like that man outside.”

　　1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______

　　6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______

　　文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文，講述了一名機智的顧客用詼諧的語言來反駁理發師的“上帝不存在”觀點的故事。

　　1．答案：about　talk about sth.為固定短語，意為“談論某事”。故填about。

　　2．答案：finally　空格處修飾整個時間狀語從句，應用副詞。故填finally。

　　3．答案：the　in the street為固定短語，意為“在大街上”。故填the。

　　4．答案：would/should/could/might　分析句子結構可知，此句為表示與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣，主句應用“would/should/could/might＋do”形式。故填would/should/could/might。

　　5．答案：loving　imagine后的動詞應用-ing形式，故填loving。

　　6．答案：argument　因為空格前有不定冠詞an，所以空格處應用argue的名詞形式。故填argument。

　　7．答案：was done　分析句子結構可知，此處缺少謂語動詞，且應用被動語態。再結合文章的時態是一般過去時可知，應填was done。

　　8．答案：Barbers　根據下文中的“Barbers don't exist”可知，此處應填Barbers。

　　9．答案：worked　分析句子結構可知，此處缺少謂語動詞，且由于理發師剛給這位顧客理了發，故應用一般過去時。故填worked。

　　10．答案：if　此處缺少引導條件狀語從句“________ they did”的連詞if，表示“如果理發師真的存在……”。

　　四、短文改錯

　　Nothing is impossible! If you have a dream, your dream will must come true as long as you always work hard. To tell you truth, my dream is common. I want to be a doctor. There was a time that I was in hospital. I saw with my own eyes that a doctor fights all night to save a baby's life. I was touched by the kindly behavior of the doctor. I think doctors are the greatest. We can make patients recover from a disease. However, I am determined to be a doctor to help whomever suffers from illnesses. I hope that I am able to help people keep healthy. At the same time, I will devote myself to treat patients. In a word, if I become a doctor in the future, I will try my best to help each patient. From now on, I will spare no effort to study every subjects so that I can go to a key university.

　　答案：

　　Nothing is impossible! If you have a dream, your dream will must come true as long as you always work hard. To tell you

　　truth, my dream is common. I want to be a doctor. There was a time

　　I was in hospital. I saw with my own eyes that a doctor

　　all night to save a baby's life. I was touched by the

　　behavior of the doctor. I think doctors are the greatest.

　　can make patients recover from a disease. ， I am determined to be a doctor to help

　　suffers from illnesses. I hope that I am able to help people keep healthy. At the same time, I will devote myself to

　　patients. In a word, if I become a doctor in the future, I will try my best to help each patient. From now on, I will spare no effort to study every

　　so that I can go to a key university.

　　解析：

　　第一處：去掉must　will后跟實義動詞，不可跟情態動詞。

　　萋二處：you后加the　to tell you the truth是固定表達，意為“說實話”。

　　第三處：that→when　定語從句修飾先行詞a time，引導詞在從句中作時間狀語，故用when。

　　第四處：fights→fought　描述過去的故事，要用一般過去時，fight的過去式是fought。

　　第五處：kindly→kind　修飾名詞behavior要用形容詞。

　　第六處：We→They　指代前一句中的doctors，用第三人稱they。

　　第七處：However→Therefore　根據上下文的邏輯關系可知此處表示“因此”，引出結果；however表轉折關系。

　　第八處：whomever→whoever　賓語從句引導詞在從句中作主語，要用whoever。

　　第九處：treat→treating　devote oneself to結構中的to是介詞，后跟名詞或動名詞。

　　第十處：subjects→subject　every后跟可數名詞單數。

　　情態動詞與虛擬語氣

　　一、單句填空

　　1．(2024·北京，29改編)—Can't you stay a little longer?

　　—It's getting late.I really________go now. My daughter is home alone.

　　答案：must　句意為：——你不能再呆一會兒嗎？——天色晚了。我真的必須得走了。我女兒一個人在家。根據語境中“天晚了”和“女兒一個人在家”可知，這里表示必須得走了。must意為“必須”。

　　2．(2024·安徽黃山第二次質檢改編)—I'm afraid I have to leave now, for you see, he is waiting for me.

　　—Well, if you ________， at least wait till the heavy rain stops.

　　答案：must　句意為：——恐怕現在我不得不離開了，因為你知道，他在等我?！玫?，如果你非得走，至少要等到大雨停了再走。根據語境可知填must，意為“偏要；非得”。

　　3．(2024·陜西，25改編)My book，The House of Hades, is missing.Who ______ have taken it?

　　答案：could　句意為：我那本《決戰冥王圣殿》不見了。誰會把它拿走了呢？由句意可知，設空處表示說話者對過去發生事情的一種疑問的推測，故填could。

　　4．(2024·安徽，32改編)It is lucky we booked a room，or we ________have nowhere to stay now.

　　答案：would/could/should/might　句意為：幸虧我們預訂了一個房間，要不然我們現在就無處可呆了。根據語境可知，or后面的句子表示與現在事實相反的情況，此處為含蓄虛擬語氣，句子謂語動詞用“would/could/should/might＋動詞原形”結構。

　　5．(2024·四川成都二診改編)Film reviewers are surprised to find that Han Han's first film, The Contrinent, ________ be such a huge success.

　　答案：should　句意為：影評家們很吃驚地發現韓寒的第一部電影《后會無期》，竟然獲得如此巨大的成功。表示“竟然”應用should。

　　6．(2024·浙江杭州地區七校模擬改編)When you phoned me, I was having a meeting; how I wish I ________(answer) your call.

　　答案：had answered　句意為：當你給我打電話的時候，我正在開會。我多么希望我(之前)接了你的電話。wish后的從句中用虛擬語氣，根據句意可知是對過去情況的虛擬，所以謂語動詞用had done形式。

　　7．(2024·湖南懷化質檢改編)Had it not been for my teacher's help, I wouldn't________(win)the first place in contest.

　　答案：have won　條件從句中的謂語動詞用“had＋過去分詞”，主句中的謂語動詞用“should/would/could/might＋have done”。根據句意答案為have won。

　　8．(2024·湖南，22改編)If Mr.Dewey ______(be) present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.

　　答案：had been　句意為：如果杜威先生在場的話，他就會為那里的人提供任何可能的幫助。從主句中的would have offered可以看出，從句表示與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣，故應用過去完成時。

　　9．(2024·甘肅天水一中段考改編)John wants to see me now, but I have so much work on hand that I would rather he ________(come) tomorrow than today.

　　答案：came　would rather后面接從句時，從句中的謂語動詞通常要用一般過去時，表示對現在或將來的假設。

　　10．(2024·陜西，17改編)If my car______(be)more reliable，I would have driven to Lhasa instead of flying last summer.

　　答案：had been　句意為：如果我的車更可靠點兒的話，我去年夏天就會開車去拉薩，而不是坐飛機去了。根據語境可知，此處是對過去事實的虛擬，故if條件句用過去完成時，主句謂語用“would/could/might/should＋have＋過去分詞”。

　　11．(2024·北京，34改編)If I________(see) it with my own eyes，I wouldn't have believed it.

　　答案：hadn't seen　根據主句中“wouldn't have believed”可以判斷是對過去的虛擬。句意：如果不是我親眼看到，我不會相信。

　　12．(2024·天津，7改編)I ________have worried before I came to the new school，for my classmates here are very friendly to me.

　　答案：needn't　needn't have done為情態動詞中表虛擬的用法，意思為“本不必做某事卻做了”。

　　13．(2024·陜西，21改編)You ________feel all the training a waste of time，but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.

　　答案：may　情態動詞may表推測時，意為“或許，可能”。句意：你或許覺得所有的訓練都是浪費時間，但是我敢百分百保證，你以后一定會感恩你這么做了。

　　14．(2024·陜西，23改編)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I ________(dance) as well as her.

　　答案：danced　wish后接從句，從句用虛擬語氣。敘述與現在事實相反，謂語動詞用過去式(be用were)；敘述與將來事實相反，謂語動詞用could/should/would do；敘述與過去事實相反，謂語動詞用had done。由語境可知，此處表示與現在事實相反，故謂語動詞用過去式。句意：艾倫是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一樣好那該有多好啊。

　　15．(2024·福建，27改編)—Sorry，Mum！I failed the job interview again.

　　—Oh，it's too bad.You ________ have made full preparations.

　　答案：should　should have done本應該干某事而事實上沒干。由failed可知“我”沒做好充分的準備，因此用should have done。

　　二、語法填空

　　(2024·廣東省六校聯考改編)

　　Drunk driving, a major concern currently, is not a funny thing, __1__ has killed many people and ruined the lives of many others.

　　At present,

　　traffic accidents become “the world's first harm”．

　　Two months ago, after __2__(drink) a lot of alcohol, my friend's uncle drove his car home. He was __3__(heavy) drunk, but he still drove home by himself. On the road near his home, an old lady was going across the road, __4__ his uncle didn't notice her and he was still moving on under the influence of alcohol. And __5__ old lady didn't see his uncle, either. In the end, the lady died.

　　__6__ it not been for his uncle's drunkenness, the terrible accident would not have happened. If the lady __7__(die), she would live a happy life with her daughters and sons. And his uncle's home was also destroyed by his uncle.

　　Therefore,

　　two __8__(family) were destroyed.

　　I wish more people __9__(can) realize the seriousness

　　of

　　drunk

　　driving

　　and

　　obey

　　the

　　traffic regulationsfaithfully.Alwaysremember：refuse __10__(drink) and drive, and give a safe world to you and me!

　　1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______

　　6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______

　　答案：

　　1．which　thing后是非限制性定語從句，引導詞在從句中作主語，故填which。

　　2．drinking　after在此是介詞，后跟動名詞。

　　3．heavily　修飾was drunk用副詞。

　　4．but　由didn't notice判斷，該空所用詞表示轉折，故填but。

　　5．the　特指上文提到的lady，故填定冠詞。

　　6．Had　根據主句中的would not have happened判斷，逗號前面是一個虛擬語氣的條件句，句子的謂語應用had done形式；但是因為省略了if，所以要把had提前到句首，由此可判斷出該空填Had。

　　7．hadn't died　if引導的是一個與過去事實相反的虛擬語氣句子，故應用過去完成時，填hadn't died。

　　8．families　集體名詞family在此是被看作整體，此處指“兩個家庭”，應用其復數形式families。

　　9．could　wish后的從句用虛擬語氣，此處表示與現在事實相反的情況，所以填could。

　　10．to drink　refuse后用動詞不定式作賓語，refuse to do sth.“拒絕做某事”。

　　三、語法填空

　　(2024·長春市二模)

　　A man went to a barbershop to have his hair cut. As the barber began to work, they started chatting. They talked __1__ so many things and various subjects. When they __2__(final) touched on the subject of God, the barber said，“I don't believe that God exists.”

　　“Why do you say that？” asked the customer.

　　“Well, you just have to go out in

　　__3__

　　street to prove that. Tell me, if God existed, would there be so many sick people? Would there be abandoned children? If God existed, there

　　__4__ be neither suffering nor pain. I can't imagine __5__(love) a God who would allow all of these things to happen.”

　　The customer thought for a moment, but didn't respond because he didn't want to start an __6__(argue). After everything __7__(do) and just after he left the barber's, he saw a man in the street with long dirty hair. The customer entered the barber's again and said, “You know what?

　　__8__ do not exist. ”

　　“How can you say that？” asked the surprised Barber. “I am here, and I am a barber. And I just __9__(work) on you！”

　　“No！” the customer said. “barbers don't exist because __10__

　　they did, there would be no people with dirty long hair, like that man outside.”

　　1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______

　　6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______

　　文章大意：本文是一篇記敘文，講述了一名機智的顧客用詼諧的語言來反駁理發師的“上帝不存在”觀點的故事。

　　1．答案：about　talk about sth.為固定短語，意為“談論某事”。故填about。

　　2．答案：finally　空格處修飾整個時間狀語從句，應用副詞。故填finally。

　　3．答案：the　in the street為固定短語，意為“在大街上”。故填the。

　　4．答案：would/should/could/might　分析句子結構可知，此句為表示與現在事實相反的虛擬語氣，主句應用“would/should/could/might＋do”形式。故填would/should/could/might。

　　5．答案：loving　imagine后的動詞應用-ing形式，故填loving。

　　6．答案：argument　因為空格前有不定冠詞an，所以空格處應用argue的名詞形式。故填argument。

　　7．答案：was done　分析句子結構可知，此處缺少謂語動詞，且應用被動語態。再結合文章的時態是一般過去時可知，應填was done。

　　8．答案：Barbers　根據下文中的“Barbers don't exist”可知，此處應填Barbers。

　　9．答案：worked　分析句子結構可知，此處缺少謂語動詞，且由于理發師剛給這位顧客理了發，故應用一般過去時。故填worked。

　　10．答案：if　此處缺少引導條件狀語從句“________ they did”的連詞if，表示“如果理發師真的存在……”。

　　四、短文改錯

　　Nothing is impossible! If you have a dream, your dream will must come true as long as you always work hard. To tell you truth, my dream is common. I want to be a doctor. There was a time that I was in hospital. I saw with my own eyes that a doctor fights all night to save a baby's life. I was touched by the kindly behavior of the doctor. I think doctors are the greatest. We can make patients recover from a disease. However, I am determined to be a doctor to help whomever suffers from illnesses. I hope that I am able to help people keep healthy. At the same time, I will devote myself to treat patients. In a word, if I become a doctor in the future, I will try my best to help each patient. From now on, I will spare no effort to study every subjects so that I can go to a key university.

　　答案：

　　Nothing is impossible! If you have a dream, your dream will must come true as long as you always work hard. To tell you

　　truth, my dream is common. I want to be a doctor. There was a time

　　I was in hospital. I saw with my own eyes that a doctor

　　all night to save a baby's life. I was touched by the

　　behavior of the doctor. I think doctors are the greatest.

　　can make patients recover from a disease. ， I am determined to be a doctor to help

　　suffers from illnesses. I hope that I am able to help people keep healthy. At the same time, I will devote myself to

　　patients. In a word, if I become a doctor in the future, I will try my best to help each patient. From now on, I will spare no effort to study every

　　so that I can go to a key university.

　　解析：

　　第一處：去掉must　will后跟實義動詞，不可跟情態動詞。

　　萋二處：you后加the　to tell you the truth是固定表達，意為“說實話”。

　　第三處：that→when　定語從句修飾先行詞a time，引導詞在從句中作時間狀語，故用when。

　　第四處：fights→fought　描述過去的故事，要用一般過去時，fight的過去式是fought。

　　第五處：kindly→kind　修飾名詞behavior要用形容詞。

　　第六處：We→They　指代前一句中的doctors，用第三人稱they。

　　第七處：However→Therefore　根據上下文的邏輯關系可知此處表示“因此”，引出結果；however表轉折關系。

　　第八處：whomever→whoever　賓語從句引導詞在從句中作主語，要用whoever。

　　第九處：treat→treating　devote oneself to結構中的to是介詞，后跟名詞或動名詞。

　　第十處：subjects→subject　every后跟可數名詞單數。