閱讀理解精講精煉17

　　87.

　　Wilderness

　　“In wilderness (荒野) is the preservation of the world.” This is a famous saying from a writer regarded as one of the fathers of environmentalism. The frequency with which it is borrowed mirrors a heated debate on environmental protection: whether to place wilderness at the heart of what is to be preserved.

　　As John Sauven of Greenpeace UK points out, there is a strong appeal in images of the wild, the untouched; more than anything else, they speak of the nature that many people value most dearly. The urge to leave the subject of such images untouched is strong, and the danger exploitation(開發)brings to such landscapes(景觀)is real. Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities. To Mr. Sauven, these “ecosystem services” far outweigh the gains from exploitation.

　　Lee Lane, a visiting fellow at the Hudson Institute, takes the opposing view. He acknowledges that wildernesses do provide useful services, such as water conservation. But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation. There are ever more people on the Earth, and they reasonably and rightfully want to have better lives, rather than merely struggle for survival. While the ways of using resources have improved, there is still a growing need

　　for raw materials, and some wildernesses contain them in abundance. If they can be tapped without reducing the services those wildernesses provide, the argument goes, there is no further reason not to do so. Being untouched is not, in itself, a characteristic worth valuing above all others.

　　I look forward to seeing these views taken further, and to their being challenged by the other participants. One challenge that suggests itself to me is that both cases need to take on the question of spiritual value a little more directly. And there is a practical question as to whether wildernesses can be exploited without harm.

　　This is a topic that calls for not only free expression of feelings, but also the guidance of reason. What position wilderness should enjoy in the preservation of the world obviously deserves much more serious thinking.

　　67．John Sauven holds that ________.

　　A．many people value nature too much

　　B．exploitation of wildernesses is harmful

　　C．wildernesses provide humans with necessities

　　D．the urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong

　　68．What is the main idea of Para.3?

　　A．The exploitation is necessary for the poor people.

　　B．Wildernesses cannot guarantee better use of raw materials.

　　C．Useful services of wildernesses are not the reason for no exploitation.

　　D．All the characteristics concerning the exploitation should be treated equally.

　　69．What is the author's attitude towards this debate?

　　A．Objective.

　　B．Disapproving.

　　C．Sceptical.

　　D．Optimistic.70．Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

　　CP：Central Point　P：Point　Sp：Sub-point(次要點)

　　C：Conclusion

　　【要點綜述】本文是一篇關于荒野保護的文章。作者從兩個方面論述了人們的觀點，并對于這一論題提出了自己的看法。

　　67. B　細節理解題。作者在第二段中主要論述不應該開發荒野的觀點，并通過John Sauven 的視角“and the danger exploitation(開發) brings to such landscapes(景觀) is real.”予以說明。所以正確答案應為B。

　　68. C　細節理解題。作者在第三段主要論述可以開發荒野的觀點，并通過Lee Lane 的視角“But that is not, he argues, a reason to avoid all human presence, or indeed commercial and industrial exploitation.”說明荒野可以開發。所以選C。

　　69. A　推理判斷題。 作者從正反兩方面對荒野開發進行了論述，謹慎地發表了看法，所以態度比較客觀，故選A。objective客觀的；disapproving反對的；sceptical懷疑的；optimistic樂觀的。

　　70. D　文章結構題。 本文作者首先提出中心論點，然后從正反兩個方面進行了論述，然后回到自己的觀點，最后對自己的觀點做了進一步的闡釋。因此D為最佳答案。

　　In 1986，when Carlo Petrini first coined the term “Slow Food，” he organized locally in his native Italy to preserve the food and wine culture and protest fast food.

　　Today, slow food has spread to 132 countries with over 85, 000 members, addressing worldwide issues like farmer equity and

　　environmental_stewardship—the actions people take to respect the rights of all living things and all environments, to contribute to healthy and livablecommunities.

　　Characterized by Slow Food International as “good, clean, and fair food，” slow food must enrich the eaters' life，have no negative impact on human or environmental health，and compensatefairly for food producers' work.

　　The average American meal travels about 1,500 miles to its final destination, with producing of food traveling by plane from overseas and other items shipped across the country.

　　However，cost for food travel and heavy processing are not the only problems in the foodindustry that the environment faces. Industrial agriculture also has unsustainable practices likeinefficient water use and decreased biodiversity. Our ideas in feeding ourselves are exceptional,but at various points our technologies come into conflict with nature's ways of doing things. A great many of the health and environmental problems created by our food system owe to our attempts tooversimplify natures complexities, at both the growing and the eating ends of our food chain.

　　“Slowing” food, by purchasing locally and sustainably, allows consumers to reduce theimpact of “food miles” and develop a closer relationship with their food producers.“ We need tochange our food system，” said David Prior, organizer of Slow Food Nation Eat-In. “Our currentfood system is sick and we need to support farmers and agriculture to ensure that everyone has theright to nutritious food.”

　　36．The main idea of the passage can be summarized as________.

　　A．why slow food is so important

　　B．the food and wine culture is rich in Italy

　　C．what you're eating always travels a long way

　　D．slow food makes the current food system sick

　　37．According to the second paragraph, “environmental stewardship”refers to________.

　　A．measures of environmental protections

　　B．ways to establish healthy and livable communities

　　C．people's admiration for all the creatures on the earth

　　D．actions to protect the rights of all living things and environment

　　38．Slow food's characteristic doesn't lie in________.

　　A．improving the quality of eaters' life

　　B．providing a fair pay for food workers

　　C．being friendly to human and environmental health

　　D．developing a loose relationship with food producers

　　39．What is David Prior's attitude towards current food system?

　　A．Suspicious.

　　B．Unsatisfied.

　　C．Indifferent.

　　D．Supportive.

　　【要點綜述】本文的作者告訴我們，如果想吃得更健康、更營養，那就提倡“慢食物”吧！

　　36．A　主旨大意題。本文主要探討“慢食物”的重要性，以及“慢食物”給人們帶來的好處，故答案選A項。

　　37．D　細節理解題。從第二段中的“environmental stewardship—the actions people take to respect the rights of all living things

　　and all environments”可知，環境管理(environmental stewardship)的內容就是“破折號”后的解釋，即“人們尊重所有生物和環境的權利的行動”，故D項正確。

　　38．D　細節理解題。從第三段可知，“慢食物運動”的特色就在于改善飲食者的飲食質量；不對人類健康和環境衛生產生副作用；給食物供應商以合理的報酬。D項則沒有提到，故答案選D項。

　　39．B　推理判斷題。從最后一段David Prior所說的話可知，他認為當前的食物系統很糟糕，需要改進，所以他的態度應該是不滿意的(unsatisfied)。A項表示“懷疑的”；C項表示“漠不關心的”；D項表示“支持的”，都不符合語境。

　　“Children should not be left unsupervised(無人監督的) to play with a dog.”say experts in this week's British Medical Journal.Their advice is part of a review aimed at doctors who deal with dog bites.

　　“Dog bites and maulings are a worldwide problem, particularly in children.” write Marina Morgan and John Palmer.Every year 250,000 people who have been bitten by dogs attend minor injuries and emergency units in the United Kingdom, and half of all children are reportedly bitten by dogs at some time, boys more than girls.

　　Accurate death figures are difficult to obtain, but in the past five years, two to three cases a year have made news headlines.

　　Based on the latest medical evidence, they advise doctors how to examine and treat a patient presenting with a dog bite.They discuss the risk of infection and when to refer to specialist care.For travelers bitten abroad, they suggest assessing the risk of rabies(狂犬病)．

　　In terms of prevention, they suggest that children should be taught to treat dogs with respect, avoid direct eye contact, and not tease them.They should be taught not to approach an unfamiliar dog; play with any dog unless under close supervision; run or scream in the presence of a dog; pet a dog without first letting it sniff you; or disturb a dog that is eating, sleeping, or caring for puppies.

　　“Dog owners also need to change their behavior”， says Rachel Besser, a children's doctor and lifetime dog owner, in an article.

　　“It is clear that not all dog owners appreciate that children should not be left unsupervised with a dog”， she says.Just as some parents are obliged to take parenting classes, she would like to see compulsive classes for expectant dog owners to teach them about the responsibilities of dog ownership.Educational programs are also needed to teach children about some precautionary behaviors around dogs.

　　Finally, she would like to see vets advising dog owners about bite prevention, and doctors promoting bite prevention when treating patients who have been bitten by dogs.

　　16．Dog biting studied by the experts is a problem ________.

　　A．that doctors dealing with dog bites should pay attention to

　　B．happening only to a few children of the world

　　C．only boys may meet with

　　D．about which experts get accurate statistics from the news headlines

　　17．The underlined word “they” in paragraph 4 refers to “________”．

　　A．doctors

　　B．parents

　　C．experts

　　D．dog owners

　　18．To avoid dog bites, a child should ________.

　　A．treat dogs with respect and direct eye contact

　　B．approach an unfamiliar dog

　　C．run or scream in the presence of a dog

　　D．leave a dog feeding itself

　　19．What are Rachel Besser's words mainly about?

　　A．All the dog owners would like children to be left unsupervised with a dog.

　　B．All the dog owners have a correct behavior toward dogs.

　　C．Not all dog owners appreciate that children should be left with dogs under supervision.

　　D．Not all dog owners should attend classes about the responsibilities of dog ownership.

　　20．Which of the following can be the best title for the passage?

　　A．Dogs, Dangerous To Children

　　B．Children Should Know Behaviors Around Dogs

　　C．Doctors, Treat Dog Bites Correctly

　　D．Never Leave Children Unsupervised With Dogs

　　【要點綜述】 狗咬人，尤其是狗咬小孩的現象尤其需要引起關注，為此，需要采取一定的措施。

　　16. A　細節理解題。根據第一段“Their advice is part of a review aimed at doctors who deal with dog bites.”可知，專家所研究的狗咬人的問題也應該是相關醫生應給予重視的問題，故答案選A項。

　　17. C　代詞指代題。第四段共有三句，其主語均為“they”，應指同樣的人，根據“Based on the latest medical evidence”再結合第一段專家的講話可推斷，“他們”指研究狗咬人這一問題的專家們，故選C項。

　　18. D　細節理解題。根據第五段“They should be taught not to approach an unfamiliar dog; play with any dog unless under close supervision; run or scream in the presence of a dog; pet a dog without first letting it sniff you; or disturb a dog that is eating, sleeping, or caring for puppies.”可知，為了避免狗咬，小孩應該讓狗自己吃，而不要去打擾它，故選D項。

　　19. C　細節理解題。根據第七段“It is clear that not all dog owners appreciate that children should not be left unsupervised with a dog”可知，雷切爾醫生認為，并非所有的狗的主人都認為孩子們和狗在一起的時候要有大人的照看。由此判斷選C項。

　　20. D　主旨大意題。狗咬人，尤其是狗咬小孩的現象比較嚴重，那么如何避免狗咬小孩呢？這才是本文的寫作重點，而只有D項更能說明此問題，故正確答案選D項。

　　In his 1930 essay “Economic Possibilities for Our Grandchildren”， John Keynes，a famous

　　economist, wrote that human needs fall into two classes: absolute needs, which are independent of what others have, and relative needs, which make us feel superior to our fellows. He thought that although relative needs may indeed be insatiable(無止境的), this is not true of absolute needs.

　　Keynes was surely correct that only a small part of total spending is decided by the desire for superiority. He was greatly mistaken, however, in seeing this desire as the only source of insatiable demands.

　　Decisions to spend are also driven by ideas of quality which can influence the demand for almost all goods, including even basic goods like food. When a couple goes out for an anniversary dinner, for example, the thought of feeling superior to others probably never comes to them. Their goal is to share a special meal that stands out from other meals.

　　There are no obvious limits to the escalation of demands for quality. For example, Porsche, a famous car producer, has a model which was considered perhaps the best sports car on the market. Priced at over $120,000, it handles perfectly well and has great speed acceleration. But in 2004, the producer introduced some changes which made the model slightly better in handling and acceleration. People who really care about cars find these small improvements exciting. To get them, however, they must pay almost four times the price.

　　By placing the desire to be superior to others at the heart of his description of insatiable demands, Keynes actually reduced such demands. However, the desire for higher quality has no natural limits.

　　72. According to the passage, John Keynes believed that________.

　　A. desire is the root of both absolute and relative needs

　　B. absolute needs come from our sense of superiority

　　C. relative needs alone lead to insatiable demands

　　D. absolute needs are stronger than relative needs

　　73. What do we know about the couple in Paragraph 3?

　　A. They want to show their superiority.

　　B. They find specialty important to meals.

　　C. Their demands for food are not easily satisfied.

　　D. Their choice of dinner is related to ideas of quality.

　　74. What does the underlined word “escalation” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

　　A. Understanding.

　　B. Increase.

　　C. Difference.

　　D. Study.

　　75. The author of the passage argues that ________.

　　A. absolute needs have no limits

　　B. demands for quality are not insatiable

　　C．human desires influence ideas of quality

　　D. relative needs decide most of our spending

　　【要點綜述】本文就人的需要的分類進行了論述。作者首先敘述了對John Keynes觀點的部分認同，但其后則是對其觀點的批駁。該文作者認為，人的需要在很大程度上是對質量的無盡追求。