動詞的時態、語態和語氣

　　Ⅰ.單句語法填空(2024·高考安徽卷改編)Just as I got to the school gate____________ (leave) my book in the cafe.

　　解析：句意：我剛一到學校門口就意識到我把書落在餐館了。realized后省略了that這里是一個賓語從句從句時態與答案：had left(2024·高考北京卷改編)In the last few years____________(make) great achievements in environmental protection.

　　解析：句意：在過去的這些年里中國在環境保護中取得了很大的成in the last few years可推知動作從過去一段時間持續到現在并對現在造成影響用現在完成時。答案：has made(2024·高考北京卷改編)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.____________ (call) him later.

　　解析：句意：——Dr.Jackson現在不在辦公室。——好的我待會再打給他。由later可知表示的是將來要執行的動作用一般將來時。答案：will call(2024·高考湖南卷改編)I wasn’t able to hide my eagerness when I ____________ (ask)？”解析句意：我不能隱藏我的渴望當我問道你現在希望我做些什么？”此題主句的時態為一般過去時表示這個事情和動作發生在過去故從句時態也要用一般過去時。答案：asked(2024·高考陜西卷改編)Marty ____________(work)really hard on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.解析：句意：馬蒂一直在非常努力地寫書他認為他將在周五前完成。由后文提示he’ll have finished it by Friday可知這一動作發生在過去一直延續到現在并且現在還在進行故要用現在完成進行時。答案：has been working(2024·高考北京卷改編) If I ____________ (not see) it with my own eyes解析：句意：如果不是我親眼看到我不會相信。根據后半句wouldn’t have believed可以判斷是對過去的虛擬。所以從句是if＋主語＋had＋done的形式。答案：hadn’t seen(2024·高考陜西卷改編) Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I ____________(dance) as well as her.解析：句意：埃倫是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一樣好那該有多好啊。I wish后接從句從句用虛擬語氣。敘述與現在事實相反的情況謂語動詞用過去式(be用were)；敘述與將來事實相反的情況時謂語動詞用could/should/would/might do敘述與過去事實相反的情況時謂語動詞用had done。由語境可知此處敘述的是與現在事實相反的情況故謂語動詞用過去式。答案：danced(2024·高考北京卷改編)—Did you enjoy the party?____________(treat) well by our hosts.

　　解析：句意：——你喜歡這個聚會嗎？——是的我們受到了主人很好的招待。根據上一句中的did可知用一般過去時；且we和treat是動賓關系用被動語態。設空處故用一般過去時的被動答案：were treated9.If you ____________(refer) to the failed experiences，you would not have made such a mistake in your homework.

　　解析：句意：如果你參考一下這些失敗的教訓的話你就不會在你的作業中犯下這樣的錯誤。根據主句would not have made可知表示對過去事實相反的假設故從句用had done。答案：had referred____________ (be)not wrong and ____________(send)back to the classroom.

　　解析：句意：那女孩堅持說她沒錯并堅決要求把她送回教室。insist作“堅持認為”時要用陳述語氣；作“答案：was；(should) be sent語篇填空(用所給動詞的適當形式填空)____________ (watch) his mother turning the wheel of her sewing-machine with her hand.

　　“Wouldn’t it work quicker if a machine turned the wheel for you？” he asked.____________

　　(know) she always had a lot of work，and he wanted to help her.

　　Up in his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father

　　3.____________ (buy) him as a gift.“I 4.____________

　　(make) better use of it，” little Christopher said to himself.So，when his mother 5.____________

　　(not use) her sewing-machine，he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it.When the job 6.____________ (finish)，he was quite pleased，thinking his mother

　　7.____________

　　(like) it.

　　“Very clever，” his mother said，when she

　　8.____________

　　(see) it.Then she sat down and went on turning the wheel by hand.“I

　　9.____________ (work) like this for too many years，”she explained.

　　This taught Christopher Cockerell the lesson that any-one who tries to improve anything 10.____________ (have) to learn: Many people don’t like new ideas.

　　答案：1.watched　2.knew　3.had bought　4.shall/will make　5.was not using　6.was finished　7.would like　9.have been working　10.has

　　動詞的時態、語態和語氣

　　Ⅰ.單句語法填空(2024·高考安徽卷改編)Just as I got to the school gate____________ (leave) my book in the cafe.

　　解析：句意：我剛一到學校門口就意識到我把書落在餐館了。realized后省略了that這里是一個賓語從句從句時態與答案：had left(2024·高考北京卷改編)In the last few years____________(make) great achievements in environmental protection.

　　解析：句意：在過去的這些年里中國在環境保護中取得了很大的成in the last few years可推知動作從過去一段時間持續到現在并對現在造成影響用現在完成時。答案：has made(2024·高考北京卷改編)—Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment.____________ (call) him later.

　　解析：句意：——Dr.Jackson現在不在辦公室。——好的我待會再打給他。由later可知表示的是將來要執行的動作用一般將來時。答案：will call(2024·高考湖南卷改編)I wasn’t able to hide my eagerness when I ____________ (ask)？”解析句意：我不能隱藏我的渴望當我問道你現在希望我做些什么？”此題主句的時態為一般過去時表示這個事情和動作發生在過去故從句時態也要用一般過去時。答案：asked(2024·高考陜西卷改編)Marty ____________(work)really hard on his book and he thinks he’ll have finished it by Friday.解析：句意：馬蒂一直在非常努力地寫書他認為他將在周五前完成。由后文提示he’ll have finished it by Friday可知這一動作發生在過去一直延續到現在并且現在還在進行故要用現在完成進行時。答案：has been working(2024·高考北京卷改編) If I ____________ (not see) it with my own eyes解析：句意：如果不是我親眼看到我不會相信。根據后半句wouldn’t have believed可以判斷是對過去的虛擬。所以從句是if＋主語＋had＋done的形式。答案：hadn’t seen(2024·高考陜西卷改編) Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I ____________(dance) as well as her.解析：句意：埃倫是一位了不起的舞蹈家。要是我能跳得像她一樣好那該有多好啊。I wish后接從句從句用虛擬語氣。敘述與現在事實相反的情況謂語動詞用過去式(be用were)；敘述與將來事實相反的情況時謂語動詞用could/should/would/might do敘述與過去事實相反的情況時謂語動詞用had done。由語境可知此處敘述的是與現在事實相反的情況故謂語動詞用過去式。答案：danced(2024·高考北京卷改編)—Did you enjoy the party?____________(treat) well by our hosts.

　　解析：句意：——你喜歡這個聚會嗎？——是的我們受到了主人很好的招待。根據上一句中的did可知用一般過去時；且we和treat是動賓關系用被動語態。設空處故用一般過去時的被動答案：were treated9.If you ____________(refer) to the failed experiences，you would not have made such a mistake in your homework.

　　解析：句意：如果你參考一下這些失敗的教訓的話你就不會在你的作業中犯下這樣的錯誤。根據主句would not have made可知表示對過去事實相反的假設故從句用had done。答案：had referred____________ (be)not wrong and ____________(send)back to the classroom.

　　解析：句意：那女孩堅持說她沒錯并堅決要求把她送回教室。insist作“堅持認為”時要用陳述語氣；作“答案：was；(should) be sent語篇填空(用所給動詞的適當形式填空)____________ (watch) his mother turning the wheel of her sewing-machine with her hand.

　　“Wouldn’t it work quicker if a machine turned the wheel for you？” he asked.____________

　　(know) she always had a lot of work，and he wanted to help her.

　　Up in his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father

　　3.____________ (buy) him as a gift.“I 4.____________

　　(make) better use of it，” little Christopher said to himself.So，when his mother 5.____________

　　(not use) her sewing-machine，he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it.When the job 6.____________ (finish)，he was quite pleased，thinking his mother

　　7.____________

　　(like) it.

　　“Very clever，” his mother said，when she

　　8.____________

　　(see) it.Then she sat down and went on turning the wheel by hand.“I

　　9.____________ (work) like this for too many years，”she explained.

　　This taught Christopher Cockerell the lesson that any-one who tries to improve anything 10.____________ (have) to learn: Many people don’t like new ideas.

　　答案：1.watched　2.knew　3.had bought　4.shall/will make　5.was not using　6.was finished　7.would like　9.have been working　10.has