Unit 2　Robots

　?、?單項(xiàng)填空

　　1．(2024·吉安市西路片七校聯(lián)考) Jack opened the door; there ________ he had never seen before.

　　A．a(chǎn) woman did stand B．a(chǎn) woman stood

　　C．did a woman stand

　　D．stood a woman

　　答案：D　考查倒裝。地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)there放在句首，而且句子的主語(yǔ)是名詞a woman，所以應(yīng)該用全部倒裝。

　　2．(2024·新余高三質(zhì)檢)________ of danger in the street at night, she had to go home, with a friend ________ her.

　　A．Warned; accompanied

　　B．Warning; accompanying

　　C．Having warned; accompanied

　　D．Having been warned; accompanying

　　答案：D　句意：因?yàn)楸痪嬉估锷辖钟形ｋU(xiǎn)，所以她不得不在一個(gè)朋友陪伴下回家。第一個(gè)空強(qiáng)調(diào)“被警告”的動(dòng)作發(fā)生于“回家”之前，故用現(xiàn)在分詞完成時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；第二個(gè)空accompany和a friend構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。

　　3．(2024·山東壽光一中高三質(zhì)檢)—My parents died when I was very small, and I started to make a living by selling newspapers at the age of ten.

　　—I really have much ________ for you.

　　A．belief

　　B．pride

　　C．sympathy

　　D．strength

　　答案：C　考查名詞詞義。句意：——我很小的時(shí)候，父母就去世了，我十歲時(shí)就開(kāi)始以賣報(bào)為生。——我真的很同情你。sympathy意為“同情；同情心”；have sympathy for意為“對(duì)……表示同情”。

　　4．(2024·莆田高三質(zhì)檢)My little daughter's wish is ________ to Disneyland this summer holiday.

　　A．to take

　　B．to be taken

　　C．to have been taken

　　D．to be taking

　　答案：B　句意：我小女兒的愿望是這個(gè)暑假帶她去迪斯尼樂(lè)園。當(dāng)不定式動(dòng)詞與其邏輯主語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系時(shí)，不定式要用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。

　　5．(2024·江西撫州一中高三測(cè)試)The couple ________ some money every month for their future use even though their income can only make ends meet.

　　A．put off

　　B．put up

　　C．set down

　　D．set aside

　　答案：D　考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：這對(duì)夫妻每個(gè)月都存一些錢以備將來(lái)使用，盡管他們的收入只能勉強(qiáng)維持生計(jì)。set aside“省出；留出(錢或時(shí)間)”。

　　6．(2024·江西會(huì)昌中學(xué)月考)After a whole afternoon's heated discussion, they finally ________ to us what had been decided.

　　A．told

　　B．declared

　　C．stated

　　D．made

　　答案：B　考查動(dòng)詞詞義。句意：經(jīng)過(guò)一下午熱烈的討論，最后他們向我們宣布了決定的事情。declare to sb.“向某人宣布”，與句意相符。

　　7．(2024·山東高考預(yù)測(cè)卷)Faced with such a hard financial problem, Jack tried to stand on his own two feet rather than ________ his parents.

　　A．turn on

　　B．turn to

　　C．turn around

　　D．turn off

　　答案：B　考查短語(yǔ)意義。句意：面對(duì)如此困難的經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題，杰克努力靠自己而不是向父母求助。turn to“向某人尋求幫助”，符合句意。turn on“打開(kāi)；使高興；興奮”；turn off“關(guān)上電視、收音機(jī)、自來(lái)水等；掃某人的興致”；turn around“轉(zhuǎn)身”。

　　8．(2024·濟(jì)南一中階段測(cè)試)Sometimes, while living in a foreign country, one ________ special dish from home.

　　A．longs

　　B．desires

　　C．cooks

　　D．brings

　　答案：B　考查動(dòng)詞詞義。long“渴望”，句型搭配為long for sth.；C，D兩項(xiàng)不符合題意。desire“渴望；想要”，符合句意。

　　9．(2024·福建高三質(zhì)檢)The lady dressed in the latest Paris fashion is ________ in her appearance but rude in her speech.

　　A．a(chǎn)bsurd

　　B．elegant

　　C．funny

　　D．impolite

　　答案：B　考查形容詞詞義。句意：這位身著時(shí)髦巴黎時(shí)裝的女士外表優(yōu)雅，可言語(yǔ)粗俗。題干中in her appearance與in her speech相對(duì)，而選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)elegant是rude的反義詞。

　　10．(2024·山東四市聯(lián)考)He only ________ the list of names, for there's little time left before the meeting began.

　　A．studied

　　B．scanned

　　C．glanced

　　D．stared

　　答案：B　考查動(dòng)詞詞義。句意：他只是瀏覽了一下名單，因?yàn)殚_(kāi)會(huì)前所剩時(shí)間不多了。scan意為“瀏覽”，與句意相符。

　　11．(2024·九江一中月考)—How did you find the film?

　　—It was a(n) ________ one, no better than the one we saw last week.

　　A．satisfying

　　B．a(chǎn)wful

　　C．remarkable

　　D．embarrassing

　　答案：B　考查形容詞詞義。答句句意：很糟糕，和上周看的一樣差。awful意為“討厭的；糟糕的”，與句意相符。

　　12．(2024·大連高三質(zhì)檢)—Ring me ________ every day, will you?

　　—With pleasure. Do ring ________， please.

　　A．up; back

　　B．back; back

　　C．back; up

　　D．on; for

　　答案：A　句意：——每天給我打電話，好嗎？——好的，請(qǐng)給我回電話。ring up“打電話”；ring back“回電話”。

　　13．(2024·山東寧陽(yáng)一中模擬)There I saw ten children ________， two of whom were from Class 3.

　　A．in all

　　B．a(chǎn)t all

　　C．for all

　　D．a(chǎn)bove all

　　答案：A　考查短語(yǔ)意義。句意：在那里我總共看到了10個(gè)孩子，其中有兩個(gè)是三班的。in all“總共”，符合句意。at all“根本”；for all“盡管”；above all“最重要的是”。

　　14．(2024·青島高三質(zhì)檢)Nearly every teacher likes students who ________ and save a lot of trouble, although he knows that such students may lack the creative potentiality.

　　A．fight

　　B．refuse

　　C．resist

　　D．obey

　　答案：D　考查動(dòng)詞詞義。句意：幾乎每個(gè)老師都喜歡聽(tīng)話惹事少的學(xué)生，盡管知道這樣的學(xué)生可能沒(méi)有創(chuàng)造的潛力。obey“服從”，與句意相符。

　　15．(2024·大同高三質(zhì)檢)The project ________ by the end of 2024 will expand the city's network to cover 2,000,000 users.

　　A．being accomplished

　　B．a(chǎn)ccomplished

　　C．to be accomplished

　　D．having been accomplished

　　答案：C　句意：到2024年年底要完成的這項(xiàng)工程將把這座城市的網(wǎng)絡(luò)擴(kuò)大到能覆蓋200萬(wàn)用戶。不定式表將來(lái)，故選C。A項(xiàng)表示正在進(jìn)行；B項(xiàng)表示已經(jīng)完成；D項(xiàng)不能作定語(yǔ)。

　?、?閱讀理解

　　A

　　(2024·江西六校聯(lián)考)

　　We can make all the jokes we want about taking baths ourselves, but if we are ill in bed and can't get up, we'll be thankful to the nurses who help us get clean. While I am not a nurse, and have never given anyone a bath, I would imagine that it would take a lot of sympathy (同情) and patience to do so.

　　Yet those who attended the International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems last month were introduced to Cody, a robot that can bathe human beings.

　　The robot has a base that can be turned to all directions, two human-like arms, and movable wrists (腕). It uses a camera to locate parts of the human body.

　　It then uses bath gloves to clean with a little pressure.

　　The robot was designed at the Georgia Institute of Technology. Charles Kemp of the Healthcare Robotics Lab is the senior researcher for the project. In a test run, Cody

　　was able to remove 96% of a test subject's dirt—not bad

　　for a robot.

　　But don't go asking for Cody yet—he's still a model.

　　Yet researchers believe that one day Cody may take the

　　place of nurses for this task.

　　Researchers say that Cody

　　will give patients dignity and protect their personal information. I suppose that would depend on the patient.

　　I'm

　　not sure whether a robot using a camera would make me

　　feel very dignified.

　　Even so, I can appreciate the need.

　　We don't have

　　enough nurses to go around, and those places that are the

　　most short-handed, for example, nursing homes, are those

　　that have the most patients who are unable to bathe themselves. Still, before I get there, I hope they think of a better way to solve the problem.

　　文章大意：美國(guó)科研人員設(shè)計(jì)出一種能給臥床不起的病人洗澡的機(jī)器人。

　　1．The writer thinks bathing others must ________.

　　A．be a lot of fun

　　B．make you feel thankful

　　C．take a lot of patience

　　D．make you feel dignified

　　答案：C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第一段的“I would imagine that it would take a lot of... patience to do so”可知C項(xiàng)正確。

　　2．What is the third paragraph mainly about?

　　A．Why and where Cody was designed.

　　B．What Cody looks like and who designed it.

　　C．What Cody can do and where it will work soon.

　　D．How Cody works and what has made that possible.

　　答案：D　主旨大意題。第三段的第一句話介紹了機(jī)器人的部件，后兩句介紹了它是如何工作的，正是前面所述的這些部件使得機(jī)器人得以工作。

　　3．We know from the fourth and fifth paragraphs that ________.

　　A．Cody can bathe patients better than a real nurse can

　　B．robots like Cody are being produced in large numbers

　　right now

　　C．Cody can take the place of nurses completely in hospitals

　　D．researchers think Cody can protect patients' personal information

　　答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從第五段的“Researchers say that Cody will... protect their personal information”可知D項(xiàng)正確。

　　4．There is a need for Cody because ________.

　　A．people are becoming lazier

　　B．it can bring down the cost of nursing

　　C．there are not enough nurses

　　D．there are too many nursing homes

　　答案：C　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從最后一段的“We don't have enough nurses to go around, and those places that are the most short-handed...”可知答案為C項(xiàng)。

　　5．In the writer's opinion, Cody is ________.

　　A．a(chǎn)cceptable but not perfect

　　B．strange but not creative

　　C．clever and strong

　　D．lovely and careful

　　答案：A　作者觀點(diǎn)題。從第五段的最后一句和最后一段的第一句和最后一句可知A項(xiàng)說(shuō)明了作者的態(tài)度。

　　B

　　(2024·東北三省三校第二次聯(lián)考)

　　Deception (騙術(shù)) is something that people do all the time, and it plays an important role in

　　military (軍事的) strategy. Now some researchers are trying to figure out how to get robots to do

　　it, by looking at the behavior of squirrels and birds.

　　At Georgia Tech, a team led by Ronald Arkin, a professor at the School of Interactive Computing, studied the literature on squirrels hiding their acorns (橡果). Squirrels will hide their food in a certain place, but when they see other squirrels trying to steal from them, they attempt to fool the thieves by running to a false location.

　　Ronald Arkin and his Ph. D. student Jaeeun Shim used that as a model for robot behavior. They programmed the robot into tricking a “predator (捕食者)” machine by doing what a squirrel does: showing the enemy a false location for an important resource.

　　The team also looked at how other animals—in this case, a species of bird called Arabian babbler—drive off predators. A babbler will make an alarm call when they see a predator and other babblers will join the bird and make more calls. They then surround the predator, all the while flapping (拍打) wings and making noises. The babblers don't ever actually fight the animal they want to drive off; they just make enough noises and flaps around enough so that it seems that attacking a babbler isn't worth it.

　　They found that the deception works when the group reaches a certain size—essentially, when enough birds arrive to convince the enemy that it's best to back off. Davis modeled that behavior in software using a military scene and found that it worked even if the group didn't have the firepower to confront the enemy directly.

　　The military is interested in this because a robot that can fool an opponent is a valuable tool. It could lead an enemy down a false trail or make itself look more dangerous than it actually is.

　　文章大意：本文是一篇議論文。文章主要介紹了騙術(shù)在軍事策略中起著重要的作用，一些研究人員正在通過(guò)研究松鼠和鳥(niǎo)類的活動(dòng)，希望機(jī)器人能模仿這些行為，以便能有效地應(yīng)用于軍事中。

　　6．Why does the military want to take advantage of squirrels' trick?

　　A．It can reduce the use of firepower to confront the enemy.

　　B．It can fool the enemy into believing it is more dangerous.

　　C．It can lead the enemy in a wrong direction to avoid losing resources.

　　D．It can scare the enemy away who wants to destroy the acorns.

　　答案：C　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段最后一句“... they attempt to fool the thieves by running to a false location.”可知，松鼠為了保護(hù)自己的橡果不被其他松鼠吃掉，會(huì)朝別的方向奔跑，由此可推知，C項(xiàng)正確。

　　7．Which of the following is NOT the way Arabian babblers drive off predators?

　　A．One bird makes an alarm call and other birds will join it.

　　B．They fight the enemy bravely face to face.

　　C．They make noises and flaps around the predator.

　　D．They force the predator aware that it isn't worthwhile to attack.

　　答案：B　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第三段中Arabian babbler趕走predator的過(guò)程可知，B項(xiàng)不是Arabian babbler趕走掠奪者的方法。故B項(xiàng)正確。

　　8．What is the main idea of the passage?

　　A．Animals' behaviors are researched to be applied to the study of military robots.

　　B．Robots' fooling tricks are applied to the study of animals' behaviors.

　　C．Birds and squirrels are the animals that are good at deception.

　　D．Researchers are interested in animals' military-related behaviors.

　　答案：A　主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講述了松鼠和Arabian babbler在生存中如何利用騙術(shù)擊退敵人保護(hù)自己的過(guò)程，研究人員希望機(jī)器人也能模仿這些行為，從而有效地運(yùn)用于軍事戰(zhàn)略當(dāng)中。故A項(xiàng)正確。