考研英語時文閱讀：Plumper
SOME of the concerns surrounding Turkeys application to join the European Union, to be voted on by the EUs Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the countrys relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 , and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007.
Furthermore, the countrys recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, stunning . GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a rate of growth that no EU country comes close to matching. Turkeys inflation rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country reached agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic programme that will, according to the IMFs managing director, Rodrigo Rato, help Turkey... reduce inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economys resilience .
Resilience has not historically been the countrys economic strong point. As recently as 2001, GDP fell by over 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by just under 5% in 1999. Indeed, throughout the 1990s growth oscillated like an electrocardiogram recording a violent heart attack. This irregularity has been one of the main reasons why the country has failed dismally to attract much-needed foreign direct investment. Its stock of such investment is lower now than it was in the 1980s, and annual inflows have scarcely ever reached $1 billion .
One deterrent to foreign investors is due to disappear on January 1st 2005. On that day, Turkey will take away the right of virtually every one of its citizens to call themselves a millionaire. Six noughts will be removed from the face value of the lira; one unit of the local currency will henceforth be worth what 1m are now-ie, about ?0.53 . Goods will have to be priced in both the new and old lira for the whole of the year, but foreign bankers and investors can begin to look forward to a time in Turkey when they will no longer have to juggle mentally with indeterminate strings of zeros.
注(1)：本文選自Economist;12/18/2004, p115-115, 2/5p;
注(2)：本文習題命題模仿2004年真題text 1第1題和第3題(1，3)，2001年真題text 1第2題(2)，1999年真題text 2第2題(4)和2002年真題text 3第4題(5);
1. What is Turkeys economic situation now?
Its GDP per head is far lagging behind that of the EU members.
Its inflation rate is still rising.
Its economy grows faster than any EU member.
Its economic resilience is very strong.
2. We can infer from the second paragraph that__________.
Turkey will soon catch the average GDP level of the 15 pre-2004 EU members
inflation rate in Turkey used to be very high
Turkeys economy will keep growing at present rate
IMFs economic program will help Turkey join the EU
3.The word oscillated most probably means_________.
fell
climbed
developed
swang
4. Speaking of Turkeys foreign direct investment, the author implies that_________.
its stock is far less than that of other countries
it does not have much influence on Turkeys economic progress
steady GDP growth will help Turkey attract more foreign direct investment
Turkeys economic resilience relies on foreign direct investment
5. We can draw a conclusion from the text that__________.
foreign investment environment in Turkey will become better
Turkeys citizens will suffer heavy loss due to the change of the face value of the lira
the local currency will depreciate with the removal of six noughts from the face value
prices of goods will go up
答案：C B D C A
篇章剖析
本篇文章是一篇說明文，介紹了土耳其的經濟狀況。第一段將土耳其的經濟情況和其他幾個歐盟新成員國的經濟情況進行了一下對比，說明土耳其的經濟狀況并非如人們擔心的那樣糟糕;第二段對土耳其這幾年的經濟增長情況進行了簡要介紹;第三段說明土耳其的經濟缺乏彈性以及由此帶來的影響;最后一段說明妨礙投資者的一個因素即將消失。
詞匯注釋
GDP: 國內生產總值
accession: n. 添加, 增加
OECD: 經合，經濟合作與發展組織
resilience: n. 彈回, 有彈力, 恢復力,
oscillate: v. 振蕩
electrocardiogram: n. .心電圖, 心動電流圖
inflow: n. 流入, 流入物
deterrent: n. 阻礙物
nought: n. 無, 零
lira: n. 里拉
juggle: v. (常與with連用)耍雜耍
indeterminate: adj. 在程度、體積、性質或數量上沒有準確確定的
難句突破
But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 , and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007.
主體句式：it is not far off thatand it is much the same as..
結構分析：這是一個復雜句，句子主體結構是一個并列句，在第一個并列分句里有一個which引導的定語從句修飾new members，在第二個并列分句里有一個which引導的非限定性定語從句修飾Bulgaria and Romania，還有一個that引導的定語從句，修飾accession talks。
句子譯文：但是和2004年5月1日加入歐盟的十個新成員國之一(拉脫維亞)相比，土耳其差得并不算太遠，而和本周剛剛完成加入歐盟的談判，并將在2007年1月獲得完全成員地位的兩個國家，保加利亞和羅馬尼亞相比則相差無幾。
題目分析
1. 答案為C，屬事實細節題。根據文章第二段，土耳其的經濟發展十分驚人。接著載第二行，作者以數據說明土耳其本年度第二季度的GDP增長no EU country comes close to matching，可見其經濟發展速度超過任何歐盟成員。
2. 答案為B，屬推理判斷題。根據文章第二段土耳其得通貨膨脹率自1972年以來首次跌進各位數可知，以前的通貨膨脹率都在兩位數甚至更多，是非常高的數字。
3. 答案為D，屬猜詞題。這個詞的意思可以根據文中第三段所用的明喻判斷出來。文中說，整個1990年代，土耳其的GDP增長就好像遭受了猛烈的心臟病發作時的心電圖一樣，可見GDP增長時高時低，峰谷之間的差異較大，所以oscillated最有可能的意思就是擺動，震蕩，只有A中的swang意思與之相符。
4. 答案為C，屬推理判斷題。根據文章第三段，GDP的不規律性是導致土耳其難以吸引外國直接投資的主要原因，可見穩定的GDP增長有助于土耳其吸引更多的外國直接投資。
5. 答案為A，屬推理判斷題。文章在第一段和第二段介紹土耳其快速的經濟增長。第三段分析了過去不能吸引急需的外國直接投資的主要原因之一：經濟發展不規律性。文章最后一段介紹了將取消妨礙外國投資者的一個因素。并在文章最末提到：外國銀行家和投資人現在可以期待今后在土耳其再不用快速心算一串串數不清的零了。由此可見，土耳其的外國投資環境將變得更好。
參考譯文
土耳其加入歐盟的申請將于12月17日在歐盟部長會議上進行表決，圍繞該申請的一些顧慮就是經濟問題，尤其是該國的相對貧困問題。其人均GDP還不足2004年之前歐盟15國人均GDP的三分之一。但是和2004年5月1日加入歐盟的十個新成員國之一(拉脫維亞)相比，土耳其差得并不算太遠，而和本周剛剛完成加入歐盟的談判，并將在2007年1月獲得完全成員地位的兩個國家，保加利亞和羅馬尼亞相比則相差無幾。
不但如此，用經濟合作和發展組織秘書長唐納德約翰斯頓的話來說，該國最近的經濟發展十分驚人。本年度第二季度的GDP比去年增長了13.4%，這樣的增長速度是任何歐盟成員國都無法匹敵的。土耳其的通貨膨脹率最近剛從1972年以來首次跌進各位數，本周該國剛剛同國際貨幣基金組織達成一項新的為期三年，總額100億美元的經濟項目協議，按照國際貨幣基金執行總裁羅德里戈萊托的說法，這一項目將會幫助土耳其把通貨膨脹率降到歐盟水平，并且增加其經濟彈性。
歷史上該國經濟并沒有很強的韌性。近期如2001年，它的GDP下降超過7%。而1994年，下降超過5%，1999年僅比5%略低。的確，在整個1990年代，該國的經濟就好像一次猛烈的心臟病發作的心電圖記錄那樣來回擺動。這種不規律性是導致該國很難吸引其急需的外國直接投資的主要原因之一(另外還有繁瑣的公事程序和腐敗)。現在這類投資總額(作為GDP的一個百分點)比1980年代的時候還要低，而每年的外資流入量很少能夠達到10億美元(愛爾蘭僅2003年一年就吸引外資超過250億美元，而巴西從1998年到2000年每年的外資流入量都達到了這個數字。)
從2005年1月1日起，一個妨礙外國投資者的因素將會消失。到那一天，土耳其將取消其公民自稱為百萬富翁的權利。里拉的面值里將減少六個零;這樣，當地貨幣的每個貨幣單位將和現在的1百萬里拉等值---也就是0.53歐元(0.70美元)左右。商品將在一整年內用新舊里拉同時定價，但外國銀行家和投資人現在可以期待今后在土耳其再不用快速心算一串串數不清的零了。
SOME of the concerns surrounding Turkeys application to join the European Union, to be voted on by the EUs Council of Ministers on December 17th, are economic-in particular, the countrys relative poverty. Its GDP per head is less than a third of the average for the 15 pre-2004 members of the EU. But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 , and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007.
Furthermore, the countrys recent economic progress has been, according to Donald Johnston, the secretary-general of the OECD, stunning . GDP in the second quarter of the year was 13.4% higher than a year earlier, a rate of growth that no EU country comes close to matching. Turkeys inflation rate has just fallen into single figures for the first time since 1972, and this week the country reached agreement with the IMF on a new three-year, $10 billion economic programme that will, according to the IMFs managing director, Rodrigo Rato, help Turkey... reduce inflation toward European levels, and enhance the economys resilience .
Resilience has not historically been the countrys economic strong point. As recently as 2001, GDP fell by over 7%. It fell by more than 5% in 1994, and by just under 5% in 1999. Indeed, throughout the 1990s growth oscillated like an electrocardiogram recording a violent heart attack. This irregularity has been one of the main reasons why the country has failed dismally to attract much-needed foreign direct investment. Its stock of such investment is lower now than it was in the 1980s, and annual inflows have scarcely ever reached $1 billion .
One deterrent to foreign investors is due to disappear on January 1st 2005. On that day, Turkey will take away the right of virtually every one of its citizens to call themselves a millionaire. Six noughts will be removed from the face value of the lira; one unit of the local currency will henceforth be worth what 1m are now-ie, about ?0.53 . Goods will have to be priced in both the new and old lira for the whole of the year, but foreign bankers and investors can begin to look forward to a time in Turkey when they will no longer have to juggle mentally with indeterminate strings of zeros.
注(1)：本文選自Economist;12/18/2004, p115-115, 2/5p;
注(2)：本文習題命題模仿2004年真題text 1第1題和第3題(1，3)，2001年真題text 1第2題(2)，1999年真題text 2第2題(4)和2002年真題text 3第4題(5);
1. What is Turkeys economic situation now?
Its GDP per head is far lagging behind that of the EU members.
Its inflation rate is still rising.
Its economy grows faster than any EU member.
Its economic resilience is very strong.
2. We can infer from the second paragraph that__________.
Turkey will soon catch the average GDP level of the 15 pre-2004 EU members
inflation rate in Turkey used to be very high
Turkeys economy will keep growing at present rate
IMFs economic program will help Turkey join the EU
3.The word oscillated most probably means_________.
fell
climbed
developed
swang
4. Speaking of Turkeys foreign direct investment, the author implies that_________.
its stock is far less than that of other countries
it does not have much influence on Turkeys economic progress
steady GDP growth will help Turkey attract more foreign direct investment
Turkeys economic resilience relies on foreign direct investment
5. We can draw a conclusion from the text that__________.
foreign investment environment in Turkey will become better
Turkeys citizens will suffer heavy loss due to the change of the face value of the lira
the local currency will depreciate with the removal of six noughts from the face value
prices of goods will go up
答案：C B D C A
篇章剖析
本篇文章是一篇說明文，介紹了土耳其的經濟狀況。第一段將土耳其的經濟情況和其他幾個歐盟新成員國的經濟情況進行了一下對比，說明土耳其的經濟狀況并非如人們擔心的那樣糟糕;第二段對土耳其這幾年的經濟增長情況進行了簡要介紹;第三段說明土耳其的經濟缺乏彈性以及由此帶來的影響;最后一段說明妨礙投資者的一個因素即將消失。
詞匯注釋
GDP: 國內生產總值
accession: n. 添加, 增加
OECD: 經合，經濟合作與發展組織
resilience: n. 彈回, 有彈力, 恢復力,
oscillate: v. 振蕩
electrocardiogram: n. .心電圖, 心動電流圖
inflow: n. 流入, 流入物
deterrent: n. 阻礙物
nought: n. 無, 零
lira: n. 里拉
juggle: v. (常與with連用)耍雜耍
indeterminate: adj. 在程度、體積、性質或數量上沒有準確確定的
難句突破
But it is not far off that of one of the ten new members which joined on May 1st 2004 , and it is much the same as those of two countries, Bulgaria and Romania, which this week concluded accession talks with the EU that could make them full members on January 1st 2007.
主體句式：it is not far off thatand it is much the same as..
結構分析：這是一個復雜句，句子主體結構是一個并列句，在第一個并列分句里有一個which引導的定語從句修飾new members，在第二個并列分句里有一個which引導的非限定性定語從句修飾Bulgaria and Romania，還有一個that引導的定語從句，修飾accession talks。
句子譯文：但是和2004年5月1日加入歐盟的十個新成員國之一(拉脫維亞)相比，土耳其差得并不算太遠，而和本周剛剛完成加入歐盟的談判，并將在2007年1月獲得完全成員地位的兩個國家，保加利亞和羅馬尼亞相比則相差無幾。
題目分析
1. 答案為C，屬事實細節題。根據文章第二段，土耳其的經濟發展十分驚人。接著載第二行，作者以數據說明土耳其本年度第二季度的GDP增長no EU country comes close to matching，可見其經濟發展速度超過任何歐盟成員。
2. 答案為B，屬推理判斷題。根據文章第二段土耳其得通貨膨脹率自1972年以來首次跌進各位數可知，以前的通貨膨脹率都在兩位數甚至更多，是非常高的數字。
3. 答案為D，屬猜詞題。這個詞的意思可以根據文中第三段所用的明喻判斷出來。文中說，整個1990年代，土耳其的GDP增長就好像遭受了猛烈的心臟病發作時的心電圖一樣，可見GDP增長時高時低，峰谷之間的差異較大，所以oscillated最有可能的意思就是擺動，震蕩，只有A中的swang意思與之相符。
4. 答案為C，屬推理判斷題。根據文章第三段，GDP的不規律性是導致土耳其難以吸引外國直接投資的主要原因，可見穩定的GDP增長有助于土耳其吸引更多的外國直接投資。
5. 答案為A，屬推理判斷題。文章在第一段和第二段介紹土耳其快速的經濟增長。第三段分析了過去不能吸引急需的外國直接投資的主要原因之一：經濟發展不規律性。文章最后一段介紹了將取消妨礙外國投資者的一個因素。并在文章最末提到：外國銀行家和投資人現在可以期待今后在土耳其再不用快速心算一串串數不清的零了。由此可見，土耳其的外國投資環境將變得更好。
參考譯文
土耳其加入歐盟的申請將于12月17日在歐盟部長會議上進行表決，圍繞該申請的一些顧慮就是經濟問題，尤其是該國的相對貧困問題。其人均GDP還不足2004年之前歐盟15國人均GDP的三分之一。但是和2004年5月1日加入歐盟的十個新成員國之一(拉脫維亞)相比，土耳其差得并不算太遠，而和本周剛剛完成加入歐盟的談判，并將在2007年1月獲得完全成員地位的兩個國家，保加利亞和羅馬尼亞相比則相差無幾。
不但如此，用經濟合作和發展組織秘書長唐納德約翰斯頓的話來說，該國最近的經濟發展十分驚人。本年度第二季度的GDP比去年增長了13.4%，這樣的增長速度是任何歐盟成員國都無法匹敵的。土耳其的通貨膨脹率最近剛從1972年以來首次跌進各位數，本周該國剛剛同國際貨幣基金組織達成一項新的為期三年，總額100億美元的經濟項目協議，按照國際貨幣基金執行總裁羅德里戈萊托的說法，這一項目將會幫助土耳其把通貨膨脹率降到歐盟水平，并且增加其經濟彈性。
歷史上該國經濟并沒有很強的韌性。近期如2001年，它的GDP下降超過7%。而1994年，下降超過5%，1999年僅比5%略低。的確，在整個1990年代，該國的經濟就好像一次猛烈的心臟病發作的心電圖記錄那樣來回擺動。這種不規律性是導致該國很難吸引其急需的外國直接投資的主要原因之一(另外還有繁瑣的公事程序和腐敗)。現在這類投資總額(作為GDP的一個百分點)比1980年代的時候還要低，而每年的外資流入量很少能夠達到10億美元(愛爾蘭僅2003年一年就吸引外資超過250億美元，而巴西從1998年到2000年每年的外資流入量都達到了這個數字。)
從2005年1月1日起，一個妨礙外國投資者的因素將會消失。到那一天，土耳其將取消其公民自稱為百萬富翁的權利。里拉的面值里將減少六個零;這樣，當地貨幣的每個貨幣單位將和現在的1百萬里拉等值---也就是0.53歐元(0.70美元)左右。商品將在一整年內用新舊里拉同時定價，但外國銀行家和投資人現在可以期待今后在土耳其再不用快速心算一串串數不清的零了。
