Book 5 Unit 1 Great scientists

　　Ⅰ.聯(lián)想記憶(根據(jù)提示寫(xiě)出相應(yīng)的詞匯以及相關(guān)短語(yǔ))

　　1．conclude vt.& vi.推斷出；結(jié)束→draw/come to/reach/arrive at a conclusion得出結(jié)論

　　2．a(chǎn)ttend v．出席，參加；照顧→attend to處理；照顧；專心于

　　3．expose vt.暴露→expose...to暴露；使顯露

　　4．cure vt. & n．治愈→cure sb.of sth.治愈某人……

　　5．a(chǎn)bsorb v．吸收；使專心→be absorbed_in 專心于……

　　6．blame vt. & n．責(zé)備→be to_blame應(yīng)受責(zé)備

　　7．link...to...將……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來(lái)→connect...with...把……和……聯(lián)系或連接起來(lái)→be linked_to...和……有關(guān)

　　8．a(chǎn)nnounce vt.宣布；通告→make an_announcement 宣布

　　9．contribute vt. & vi.捐獻(xiàn)；貢獻(xiàn)→contribute to為……做貢獻(xiàn)；有助于→make contributions_to 為……做貢獻(xiàn)

　　10．(be) strict_with...對(duì)……嚴(yán)格的→be hard_on 對(duì)……苛刻

　　11．make_sense講得通；有意義→make sense of 弄懂

　　12．reject vt.拒絕；拋棄→refuse v．拒絕→deny v．婉言謝絕

　　13．construction n．建設(shè)→under_construction正在建設(shè)中

　　Ⅱ.構(gòu)詞記憶(根據(jù)提示寫(xiě)出相應(yīng)的詞匯及其派生詞)

　　1．scientific adj.科學(xué)的→science n．科學(xué)→scientist n．科學(xué)家

　　2．challenge n．& vt.挑戰(zhàn)→challenging adj.困難的；挑戰(zhàn)性的

　　3．construct vt.建設(shè)；修建→construction n．建設(shè)

　　4．enthusiastic adj.熱情的→enthusiasm n．熱情

　　5．cautious adj.謹(jǐn)慎的→caution n．謹(jǐn)慎

　　6．universe n．宇宙→universal adj.普遍的；宇宙的

　　Ⅲ.語(yǔ)境填詞(根據(jù)提示用適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語(yǔ)填空)

　　1．At the meeting, he put_forward(提出) a proposal that children be exposed_to(暴露) challenges(挑戰(zhàn)) but his proposal was rejected(反對(duì)) by the family.

　　2．The outbreak(爆發(fā)) of the deadly(致命的) disease urged a cure(療法) be found，which was a challenge(挑戰(zhàn)) but the experts(專家) and physicians(醫(yī)生) were determined to defeat(打敗) it.

　　3．After some research, the police drew_a_conclusion(得出結(jié)論) that the factory was to_blame(應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)) for the pollution(污染)．

　　4．It makes_good_sense(合情合理的) for parents to be strict_with(對(duì)……嚴(yán)格要求) their kids but severe(嚴(yán)重的) punishment is not suggested.

　　5．It has been announced(宣布) that apart_from(除……之外) Tom, two others are also suspected(懷疑) of the theft.

　　Ⅳ.語(yǔ)境記憶(背誦語(yǔ)段，記憶單元詞匯)

　　From the scientific analysis，the experts who attend the meeting conclude that it is really a challenge to cure these infected patients.They announce they will be positive and enthusiastic about making contributions to it.

　　Ⅴ.課文原句背誦

　　1．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.

　　人們既不明白它的起因，也不知道它的治療方式。

　　2．So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak.

　　每一次(霍亂)爆發(fā)，都有很多人在恐懼中死去。

　　3．It seemed that the water was_to_blame.

　　看來(lái)水是罪魁禍?zhǔn)住?/p>

　　Ⅰ.單項(xiàng)填空

　　1．Only after Mary read her composition the second time________the spelling mistake.

　　(2024·天津，6)

　　A．did she notice

　　B．she noticed

　　C．does she notice

　　D．she has noticed

　　答案　A

　　解析　句意為：只有到瑪麗再次讀她的作文之后她才注意到這個(gè)拼寫(xiě)錯(cuò)誤。“only＋狀語(yǔ)從句”位于句首時(shí)，主句須用倒裝語(yǔ)序。after引導(dǎo)的是時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，接在only之后，位于句首，所以主句要用倒裝，可排除B、D兩項(xiàng)。而且根據(jù)語(yǔ)境知read和notice都是過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以答案為A項(xiàng)。

　　(教材原句：Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.)

　　2．After completing and signing it，please return the form to us in the envelope ________.

　　(2024·山東，35)

　　A．providing

　　B．provided

　　C．having provided

　　D．provide

　　答案　B

　　解析　句意為：填完并簽字后，把表格裝在提供的信封里給我們帶回來(lái)。envelope與provide之間存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)中只有B項(xiàng)為過(guò)去分詞表被動(dòng)，故為正確答案。

　　(考查單元語(yǔ)法)

　　3．________ good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.

　　(2011·福建，22)

　　A．Far from

　　B．Apart from

　　C．Instead of

　　D．Regardless of

　　答案　B

　　解析　句意為：除了良好的服務(wù)以外，這家餐館還提供不同種類的傳統(tǒng)福建美食。far from離……遠(yuǎn)，遠(yuǎn)非；apart from除……之外(還)；instead of代替，而不是；regardless of不管。由句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。

　　(教材原句：Apart from the construction mentioned above，you have also learned the following phrases.)

　　4．Planning so far ahead ________ no sense—so many things will have changed by next year. (2011·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)，23)

　　A．made

　　B．is making

　　C．makes

　　D．has made

　　答案　C

　　解析　句意為：這么早就作計(jì)劃是沒(méi)有意義的——到了明年，有許多情況會(huì)發(fā)生變化。此處說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的事實(shí)，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。部分考生由于受so far的影響會(huì)誤選D，其實(shí)這兒的so far不是表示“到目前為止”的那個(gè)短語(yǔ)so far，此處so是用來(lái)修飾短語(yǔ)far ahead的，far ahead很早，so far ahead如此早。B項(xiàng)is making為現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，不合題意，可排除；根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)一致原則，A項(xiàng)made也可排除。

　　(教材原句：Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.)

　　5．The island，________ to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to.(2011·大綱全國(guó)Ⅱ，15)

　　A．joining

　　B．to join

　　C．joined

　　D．having joined

　　答案　C

　　解析　句意為：這個(gè)島嶼由一座橋和大陸相連，很容易到達(dá)。join與the island之間是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故此處用過(guò)去分詞。

　　(考查單元語(yǔ)法)

　　Ⅱ.完形、閱讀——英譯漢

　　1．I tend to accept any idea put forward by experts on TV.(2024·湖北·完形)

　　我往往接受電視上的專家所提出的想法。

　　2．As I grew older and was exposed to more, my interests in the world of dance certainly varied but that little girl’s dream of someday becoming a dancer in the company never left me.

　　(2024·北京·完形)

　　隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)和與外界接觸的越來(lái)越多，我對(duì)舞蹈的興趣當(dāng)然有所變化，但是那個(gè)小女孩要當(dāng)舞蹈家的夢(mèng)想從沒(méi)離開(kāi)過(guò)我。

　　3．Some of these adults simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are talented.

　　(2011·廣東·完形)

　　有些大人就得出結(jié)論說(shuō)應(yīng)為那些有天賦的人設(shè)立特殊班。

　　4．Drivers who cause traffic accidents, or who commit a moving traffic offence or are being suspected of drink driving will be tested.

　　(2011·福建·閱讀A)

　　那些導(dǎo)致交通事故或者違反現(xiàn)行的交通法或被懷疑酒后駕駛的司機(jī)都要經(jīng)過(guò)酒精測(cè)試。

　　Ⅲ.書(shū)面表達(dá)——漢譯英

　　1．他突然想到第二天早晨他有個(gè)會(huì)議要參加。(attend)

　　(2011·湖北·完成句子)

　　It (suddenly) occurred to him that he had an important conference to attend the next morning.

　　2．實(shí)話實(shí)說(shuō)，這件事怪蘇，但是李也應(yīng)受指責(zé)。(be to blame)

　　(2011·湖北·短文寫(xiě)作)

　　To be honest, it was Su’s fault but Li was also to blame.

　　歷年高考熱點(diǎn)：apart from，make sense，put forward，

　　expert，expose，conclude，suspect，attend，blame等的用法。

　　2024考點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)：attend，defeat，contribute，absorb，blame，

　　conclude，apart from，make sense，put forward等的用法。

　　1

　　雙語(yǔ)釋義 v．出席，參加(be present)；處理，對(duì)付(deal with)；照料，護(hù)理(take care of)

　　學(xué)情診斷

　　(1)用attend，join，join in，take part in的適當(dāng)形式填空

　　①He joined the army three years ago.

　　②All children between the ages of 5 and 16 must attend school.

　　③A lot of students took_part_in the protest in 1949.

　　④Would you like to join_in_ the basketball game?

　　⑤A

　　nurse attended to his needs constantly.

　　(2)I always have so many things to________when I come back to the company after a trip abroad.

　　A．a(chǎn)dd to

　　B．contribute to

　　C．a(chǎn)ttend to

　　D．a(chǎn)ppeal to

　　答案　C

　　解析　句意為：每當(dāng)我出國(guó)回到公司時(shí)，我總有很多事情要處理。attend to處理，符合句意。add to增加；contribute to起作用，導(dǎo)致；appeal to懇求，請(qǐng)求；吸引，均不合題意。

　　歸納拓展

　　attend a lecture/a meeting/a conference/school/class

　　聽(tīng)講座/出席會(huì)議/上學(xué)/上課

　　attend to處理；照顧

　　attend on/upon sb.伺候/照顧某人

　　attendance n.出席，參加；上學(xué)；到場(chǎng)

　　attendant n.服務(wù)員，侍者，侍從，隨從；護(hù)理者

　　易混辨析　attend，join，take part in，join in

　　這些動(dòng)詞或詞組均含“參加，加入”之意。

　　attend側(cè)重參加或出席會(huì)議或?qū)W術(shù)活動(dòng)等。

　　join普通用詞，指加入黨派、團(tuán)體或游戲活動(dòng)等。

　　take part in側(cè)重參加某項(xiàng)群眾性、集體性的事業(yè)、工作或活動(dòng)，突出參加者在其中發(fā)揮一定的作用。

　　join in 后接活動(dòng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)與他人一起參與某一活動(dòng)。

　　2

　　雙語(yǔ)釋義 v．擊敗；戰(zhàn)勝(beat)；使困惑；難住(puzzle)；使失敗；阻撓；挫敗(stop...from success)；n.失敗；戰(zhàn)敗(failure)；挫敗；擊敗；戰(zhàn)勝(winning)

　　學(xué)情診斷

　　(1)用defeat的適當(dāng)形式填空

　　①The army was well trained and well armed，and had little difficulty defeating the enemy.

　　②The world-famous tennis player was_defeated in an important match yesterday，which disappointed most of his fans.

　　③The government has suffered a serious defeat.

　　(2)He succeeded in his efforts to________his fatal weakness.

　　A．win

　　B．beat

　　C．defeat

　　D．overcome

　　答案　D

　　解析　句意為：經(jīng)過(guò)努力，他成功地克服了自己的致命弱點(diǎn)。overcome戰(zhàn)勝，壓倒，克服，符合句意。

　　歸納拓展

　　serious defeat嚴(yán)重受挫

　　admit defeat承認(rèn)失敗

　　defeat sb.by...以……擊敗對(duì)手

　　易混辨析　defeat，beat，win

　　defeat 接sb.作賓語(yǔ)，既可指比賽，也可指在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上戰(zhàn)勝對(duì)手，還可指(希望、計(jì)劃等)受挫或失敗。

　　beat接sb.作賓語(yǔ)，側(cè)重于在比賽中擊敗對(duì)手，還有連續(xù)敲打、(心臟)跳動(dòng)之意。

　　win 的賓語(yǔ)通常是比賽、戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、獎(jiǎng)品或表尊重、崇拜之類的詞。

　　活學(xué)活用

　　用defeat，beat，win的適當(dāng)形式填空

　　(1)I can beat/defeat you at swimming.

　　(2)Listen! The rain is beating against the window.

　　(3)To our surprise，he was badly

　　defeated in the election.

　　(4)Who do you think will win the beauty contest?

　　3

　　雙語(yǔ)釋義 v．捐獻(xiàn)；捐助(give money or goods to...)；是……的原因之一(be one of the causes of sth.)；投稿(write for)

　　學(xué)情診斷

　　(1)同義詞語(yǔ)替換

　　Various factors contributed_to his downfall(倒臺(tái))．led_to/resulted_in

　　(2)Eating too much fat can ________ heart diseases and cause high blood pressure.

　　A．result from

　　B．contribute to

　　C．a(chǎn)ttend to

　　D．a(chǎn)ppeal to

　　答案　B

　　解析　句意為：吃太多脂肪會(huì)導(dǎo)致心臟病和引起高血壓。contribute to對(duì)……起促成作用，導(dǎo)致，符合句意。

　　歸納拓展

　　contribute...to...把……貢獻(xiàn)給……

　　contribute to有助于；導(dǎo)致；把時(shí)間投入……

　　contribution n.貢獻(xiàn)；捐款

　　make a contribution/contributions to對(duì)……作出貢獻(xiàn)

　　圖解助記

　　寫(xiě)作句組　滿分作文之佳句背誦

　　a．Now I am writing to contribute my topic to you.

　　(2009·重慶)

　　b．Chinese use the most plastic bags, which makes a great contribution to the “white pollution”．

　　c．As for forest resources protection, I can also make my own contributions.

　　d．I prefer to regard Lei Feng as my idol on account that he contributed so much to the whole country.

　　4

　　雙語(yǔ)釋義 v．吸收(液體、氣體等)(take in)；使并入，吞并；吸引(attract)；使專心(interest sb.)

　　學(xué)情診斷

　　(1)寫(xiě)出下列句子中absorb的漢語(yǔ)意思

　　①Absorbed in his work, he simply forgot food and sleep.專心于

　　②The surrounding villages have been absorbed by the growing city.吞并

　　③Black walls absorb a lot of heat during the day.吸收

　　(2)So________was he in his work that he didn’t notice that it was raining hard.

　　A．taken

　　B．devoted

　　C．a(chǎn)bsorbed

　　D．interesting

　　答案　C

　　解析　句意為：他是如此專心于工作，以致于沒(méi)注意到下大雨。此處用了倒裝。be absorbed in專心于，符合句意。be taken in 受騙，被接納；be devoted to致力于；be interested in對(duì)……感興趣。

　　歸納拓展

　　absorb one’s attention吸引某人的注意力

　　absorbed adj.專心致志的；全神貫注的

　　be absorbed in 專心于……；全神貫注于；熱衷于……

　　be absorbed by/into被……吞并；為……所吸收

　　思考　你知道的表示“全神貫注；專心于”的短語(yǔ)還有哪些？

　　be buried in, be lost in, fix one’s attention on，concentrate one’s mind on等。

　　5

　　雙語(yǔ)釋義 v．把……歸咎于，責(zé)怪，指責(zé)(say or think sb. is responsible for)；n.責(zé)任(responsibility)，責(zé)備，指責(zé)

　　學(xué)情診斷

　　(1)一句多譯

　　他因?yàn)檫@起事故受到他們的責(zé)備。

　　①They_blamed_him_for_the_accident.

　　②They_blamed_the_accident_on_him.

　　③He_was_to_blame_for_the_accident.

　　(2)I feel it is your husband who________for the spoiled child.

　　A．is to blame

　　B．is going to blame

　　C．is to be blamed

　　D．should blame

　　答案　A

　　解析　句意為：我認(rèn)為應(yīng)該是你的丈夫?yàn)檫@個(gè)寵壞的孩子負(fù)責(zé)。be to blame for...應(yīng)該為……負(fù)責(zé)。

　　歸納拓展

　　blame sb.for ?doing?sth.為?做?某事責(zé)備某人