重慶市2024高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解選編（44）（附解析）

　　【2024高考模擬題】（由2024·大綱卷D改編）

　　Metro Pocket Guide

　　Metrorail(地鐵)

　　Each passenger needs a farecard to enter and go out. Up to two children under ago five may travel free with a paying customer.

　　Farecard machine are in every station, Bring small bills because there are no change machines in the station and farecard machine only provide up to $ 5 in change.

　　Get one of unlimited Metrorail rides with a One Day Pass. Buy it from a farecard machine in Metro stations. Use it after 9:30 a.m. until closing on weekdays, and all day on weekends and holidays.

　　Hours of Service

　　Open: 5 a.m Mon—Fri

　　7a.m. Sat—Sun.

　　Close: midnight Sun—Thur.

　　3a.m. Fri—Sat. nights

　　Last train time vary. To avoid (避免) missing the last train, please check the last train time posted in the station.

　　Metrobus

　　When paying with exact change, the fare is $ 1.35 . when paying with a smatTrip? CARD the fare is $1.25

　　Fares for the Senior /disabled customers

　　Senior citizens 65 and older and disabled customers may ride for half the regular fare. On Metrorail and Metrobus, use a senior/disabled farecard or SmarTrip? card. For more information about buying senior/disabled farecards, or SmarTrip? cards and passes, please visit MetroOpenDoors.com or call 202-637-7000 and 202-637-8000.

　　Senior citizens and disabled customers can get free guide on how to use proper Metrobus and Metrorail services by calling 202-962-1100

　　Travel tips

　　·Avoid riding during weekday rush periods –before 9:30 a.m. and between 4 and 6 p.m.

　　·If you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at 202-962-1195.

　　1. What should you know about farecard machines?

　　A. They start selling tickets at 9:30 a.m.

　　B. They are connected to change machines.

　　C. They offer special service to the elderly.

　　D. They make change for no more than $5.

　　2. At what time does Metrorail stop service on Saturday?

　　A. At midnight

　　B. at 3 a.m.

　　C. at 5 a.m.

　　D. at 7 p.m.

　　3. What is good about a SmarTrip? card?

　　A. It is convenient for old people

　　B. It saves money for its users

　　C. it can be bought at any time

　　D. it is sold on the Internet.

　　4. Which number should you call if you lose something on the Metro?

　　A. 202-962-1195

　　B.202-962-1100

　　C.202-673-7000

　　D.202-673-8000

　　文章大意：本文是一則地鐵使用指南，介紹了乘坐地鐵以及Metrobus各方面要注意的信息，包括零錢，時(shí)間以及注意事項(xiàng)等等。

　　1.D。 細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)Metrorail(地鐵)部分第4行farecard machine only provide up to $ 5 in change.可知換的零錢只有5美元。故D正確。

　　2. B。本題原文里沒(méi)有提供信息（可能是掃描版遺漏）

　　3.B 。推理題。根據(jù)Metrobus部分When paying with exact change, the fare is $ 1.35 . when paying with a smatTrip? CARD the fare is $1.25，可知使用smatTrip? CARD支付，會(huì)比直接付錢省了$0.1，所以它對(duì)于用戶來(lái)說(shuō)是可以省錢的。故B正確。

　　4.A。細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章最后一行if you lose something on a bus or train or in a station, please call Lost & Found at 202-962-1195.可知如果丟了東西，可以撥打電話202-962-1195。故A正確。

　　閱讀理解。閱讀下列短文, 從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　【2024·山東省濰坊市高三聯(lián)合考試Apart from psychological illness，we are all largely responsible for our own emotional health.What we say to ourselves over and

　　over for

　　days，weeks，months，and sometimes years，has a great effect on how we see ourselves.This also contributes to many mental health disorders.

　　Many of us have problems with negative thoughts playing on the channel of our minds，but if you’re buried in them and believe them，they could be wearing your sense of self-esteem (自尊)．Here are a few beliefs that indicate you may need to switch the channel：I’m not good enough？/I don’t deserve...？/No one likes me？/I’m a failure?

　　Negative thoughts remind you of your bad feelings and they bring your focus on your failures，and they get you nowhere.

　　What can you do？Here are some suggestions：

　　Switch the channel when negative thoughts appear.Self-talk is not so obvious that we often don’t notice its effect on our mood and belief systems.Key things to notice are “if only” or “what if” statements：the former keeps you stuck in the past with regret，while the latter keeps you fearful of the future.There is nothing you can do about the past，and the future isn’t here yet，so stay in the present moment.

　　Recognize that actions always follow beliefs.You’ll find yourself behaving in ways that are consistent to your beliefs.So，start believing the best about yourself：act as if you believe that you’re a valuable and worthy person.

　　Develop positive self-talk rather than negative self-talk.Instead of always looking down upon yourself in your head，think of some things you actually like about yourself.What are your strengths？What are you good at？Instead of saying “I’m a

　　loser”，try saying，“I am capable./I’m good at.../I accept myself the way I am.”

　　Thinking poorly about ourselves gets us nowhere and is

　　extremely self-limiting.Decide today to turn off the negative

　　self-talk channel in your mind and develop your true potential.

　　1．From the first two paragraphs we can learn that________.

　　A．lots of people have no sense of self-esteem

　　B．focusing on negative thoughts may have bad effect on people

　　C．negative thoughts will strengthen our sense of self-esteem

　　D．few people have negative thoughts and mental problems

　　2．The underlined word “wearing” in Paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to________.

　　A．strengthening B．protecting

　　C．weakening D．replacing

　　．What do the suggestions in the text tell us?

　　A．Our beliefs always come after actions.

　　B．Positive self-talk does good to our mental health.

　　C．Looking down upon ourselves is a sign of modesty.

　　D．“What if” keeps you stuck in the past with regret.

　　．The text encourages us to________.

　　A．get rid of negative thoughts

　　B．get anywhere we like

　　C．think highly of others

　　D．turn off the self-talk channel

　　．This text is most likely to appear in________.

　　A．a(chǎn) recreation guide B．a(chǎn) medical journal

　　C．a(chǎn) science textbook

　　D．a(chǎn) travel brochure

　　語(yǔ)篇解讀　文章主要告訴大家拋棄消極的思想，培養(yǎng)積極的思想。

　　．解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“What we say to ourselves over and

　　over for

　　days，weeks，months，and sometimes years，has a great effect on how we see ourselves.This also contributes to many mental health disorders.”以及第二段中的“Many of us have problems with negative thoughts playing on the channel of our minds”可以判斷出，消極的思想會(huì)對(duì)人產(chǎn)生不利的影響，故答案為B。

　　答案：　B

　　．解析：　詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞前后的內(nèi)容可知，這里指的是消極的思想可能會(huì)減弱人們的自尊感。故wearing在此與weakening的意思最接近，表示“減弱”。

　　答案：　C

　　．解析：　推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后四段的內(nèi)容可推知，積極的自我暗示對(duì)我們的心理有益，故B項(xiàng)正確。

　　答案：　B

　　．解析：　推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，文章鼓勵(lì)我們拋棄消極的思想。

　　答案：　A

　　．解析：　推理判斷題。由于本文主要說(shuō)明的是消極思想和積極思想對(duì)人們所產(chǎn)生的影響，故本文最有可能出現(xiàn)在醫(yī)學(xué)雜志上，選B。

　　答案：BClose your eyes for a minute and imagine what life would be like if you had a hundred dollars less.Also imagine what it would be like spending the rest of your life with your eyes closed.Imagine having to read this page，not with your eyes but with your finger-tips.

　　With existing medical knowledge and skills，two-thirds of the world's 42 million blind should not have to suffer.Unfortunately，rich countries possess most of this knowledge，while developing countries do not.

　　ORBIS is an international non-profit organization which operates the world's only flying teaching eye hospital.ORBIS intends to help fight blindness worldwide.Inside a DC-8 aircraft，there is a fully-equipped teaching hospital with television studio and classroom.Doctors are taught the latest techniques of bringing sight back to people here.Project ORBIS also aims at promoting peaceful cooperation(合作) among countries.

　　ORBIS tries to help developing countries by providing training during three-week medical programs.ORBIS has taught sight-saving techniques to over 35,000 doctors and nurses，who continue to cure tens of thousands of blind people every year.ORBIS has conducted 17 plane programs in China so far.For the seven to ten million blind in China，ORBIS is planning to do more for them.At the moment an ORBIS team is working on a long-term plan to develop a training center and to provide eye care services to Shanxi Province.ORBIS needs your help to continue their work and free people from blindness.

　　For just US $38，you can help one person see；for $380 you can bring sight to 10 people；$1,300 helps teach a doctor new skills；and for $13,000 you can provide a training program for a group of doctors who can make thousands of blind people see again.Your money can open their eyes to the world.Please help ORBIS improve the quality of life for so many people less fortunate than ourselves.

　　1．The first paragraph is intended to ________.

　　A．introduce a new way of reading

　　B．a(chǎn)dvise the public to lead a simple life

　　C．direct the public's attention to the blind

　　D．encourage the public to use imagination

　　2．What do we learn about existing medical knowledge and skills in the world?

　　A．They are adequate.

　　B．They have not been updated.

　　C．They are not equally distributed.

　　D．They have benefited most of the blind.

　　．ORBIS aims to help the blind by ________.

　　A．teaching medical students

　　B．training doctors and nurses

　　C．running flying hospitals globally

　　D．setting up non-profit organizations

　　．What does the author try to do in the last paragraph?

　　A．Appeal for donations.

　　B．Make an advertisement.

　　C．Promote training programs.

　　D．Show sympathy for the blind.

　　．What can be the best title for the passage?

　　A．ORBIS in China

　　B．Fighting Blindness

　　C．ORBIS Flying Hospital

　　D．Sight-saving Techniques

　　答案：

　　【語(yǔ)篇解讀】　本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹一個(gè)旨在幫助失明人士的組織——ORBIS。大家行動(dòng)起來(lái)和ORBIS一起，來(lái)幫助那些失明的朋友們。小小的捐助，就可以使他們和我們一樣去感受這個(gè)世界的美好。

　　1．C　解析：考查寫作意圖。綜觀全文，作者希望大眾通過(guò)想象失明人士的生活，以此引起人們對(duì)失明人士的關(guān)注，故選C。

　　．C　解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話可知目前的醫(yī)療知識(shí)和技術(shù)分配不均衡。

　　．B　解析：考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段和第四段首句可知ORBIS通過(guò)培訓(xùn)醫(yī)務(wù)人員來(lái)幫助失明人士。

　　．A　解析：考查段落大意。由文章最后一段中不同金額的捐款所能產(chǎn)生的積極效果可知，最后作者是號(hào)召大眾捐款幫助提高失明人士的生活質(zhì)量。

　　．C　解析：考查標(biāo)題判斷。本文關(guān)鍵詞為ORBIS，文章通篇都在介紹ORBIS通過(guò)他們的flying hospital幫助失明人士。

　　, 從給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng) (A、B、C和D) 中, 選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

　　(2024·長(zhǎng)沙市二模，B)

　　These days, there are very few wild animals left

　　in the UK. The wolves have gone. The bears have been hunted to extinction.

　　Fortunately, there are a few badgers (獾)—Oh, well, actually, not for long as the British government has just decided to kill them too! But why?

　　Badgers are fascinating creatures.

　　The black and white mammals live underground in “setts”， which they dig out of the earth. They are extremely brave, fighting off larger animals such as bears and wolves.

　　The problem is that some badgers carry “Bovine Tuberculosis”(BTB), an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium Bovis (M. Bovis) which can cause TB in some other animals, including cattle.

　　For farmers, this is a serious issue. In 1998 in the UK, almost 6 000 cows were killed to control the disease. And in 2010, more than 30 000 animals were destroyed. It's expensive too. Bovine TB costs the UK about ￡100 million per year. And some believe that the disease could end up costing the economy ￡9 billion over the next 40 years if nothing is done about it.

　　Experts say that badgers are responsible for about 50% of the infected cattle.

　　So, after much debate, the government has agreed to a badger cull (殺戮). This will mean about 30 000 of the innocent creatures will be wiped out to fight the disease.

　　Environment Secretary Caroline Spelman admitted that there was

　　“great strength of feeling”

　　about it, but said, “I believe this is the right way forward.”

　　Of course, many are against the measure, including conservationists and animal rights activists. They claim that killing the badgers in controlled zones wouldn't work because badgers from neighboring areas would simply move into the empty setts and become infected too. Furthermore, they believe that the way cattle are raised intensively, and transported around to lots of different farms during their lives is probably the biggest cause of the spread of the disease.

　　Most ordinary people are against the measure too. A survey suggests about twothirds are against killing the badgers, with majorities against killing them regardless of age, region and gender. One of the alternatives to the cull involves using vaccine (疫苗) on badgers. However, this costs an average of ￡2 250 per year per square kilometer. Trapping and shooting badgers costs ￡2 500 per year, but shooting freerunning badgers only costs about ￡200 per year (per square kilometer)．

　　So, with that in mind, it's easy to see how the government arrived at their decision. Money talks!

　　文章大意：本文是一篇資訊報(bào)道。在英國(guó)，一些獾身上攜帶TB病菌，這種病菌會(huì)傳播給牲畜，從而給農(nóng)民帶來(lái)巨大的損失。政府不顧多數(shù)人的反對(duì)，決定采取行動(dòng)來(lái)殺掉獾，因?yàn)閷?duì)他們來(lái)說(shuō)，這樣做的代價(jià)相對(duì)來(lái)說(shuō)較低。

　　1．Why does the government want to kill the badgers?

　　A．Because there is no other choice to cut the spread of the disease.

　　B．Because badgers carry TB, a disease which can infect other animals.

　　C．Because they almost wiped out an entire population of cattle.

　　D．Because it might be an effective way to fight TB at the least expense.

　　答案：D　細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中第四句“The problem is that some badgers carry ‘Bovine Tuberculosis’ (BTB)．..”及倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“... shooting freerunning badgers only costs about ￡200 per year (per square kilometer)．”可知，殺死獾可能是以最低價(jià)來(lái)對(duì)抗TB傳播的有效辦法。故答案選D。