2024屆高考英語(yǔ)命題猜想與仿真押題:專(zhuān)題01 名詞和冠詞(命題猜想)(原卷版)
【】
【熱點(diǎn)突破】
1.(2024·高考江蘇卷,T35)—Go and say sorry to your Mom,Dave.
—I’d like to,but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ________.
A.requests
B.excuses
C.a(chǎn)pologies
D.regrets
名詞詞義辨析主要考查考生對(duì)基本詞匯的掌握程度和名詞在具體語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用。常見(jiàn)考查形式有:異義詞辨析、同義詞辨析和近義詞辨析。在做題時(shí),先弄清題中每個(gè)名詞的意義 及用法,然后根據(jù)語(yǔ)境選擇符合句意的名詞。
常考的幾組名詞辨析有:
1.cause,reason,excuse
2.a(chǎn)ward,reward,prize
3.sight,view,scene,scenery
4.a(chǎn)nger,rudeness,regret,panic
5.condition,situation,state,position
6.reputation,influence,impression,attention
7.expectation,reputation,contribution,civilization
8.a(chǎn)ccommodation,occupation,adaptation,appreciation
【易錯(cuò)提醒】在高考詞義辨析題中有一種“熟詞生義”題型即題目中所填的詞是考生所熟悉的但所考查的含義卻是不常見(jiàn)的。這就要求考生在掌握單詞基本詞義的基礎(chǔ)上善于結(jié)合不同的語(yǔ)境去體會(huì)、感悟單詞的含義。
Never lie to your friends and, you know,honesty and trust are the________of true friendship.
A.distinction
B.a(chǎn)cquisition
C.foundation
D.function
【熱點(diǎn)突破】
例2.(2024·高考江蘇卷,T32)Some schools will have to make ________ in agreement with the national soccer reform.
A.judgments
B.a(chǎn)djustments
C.comments
D.a(chǎn)chievements
高考考查名詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配主要有兩類(lèi):“介詞+名詞”
和“動(dòng)詞+名詞”。常考的名詞短語(yǔ):
(1)out of one’s reach 在某人夠不到的地方
beyond recognition
無(wú)法辨認(rèn)
in great demand
需求量很大
in progress
在進(jìn)行中
out of question
不成問(wèn)題;無(wú)疑
of great value(=very valuable)
非常有價(jià)值的
(2)have/gain access to
可以獲得
gain/have an advantage over
勝過(guò),優(yōu)于
take advantage of
利用,趁……之機(jī)
pay attention to
注意
make the best of 充分利用,妥善處理
find fault with
挑……的錯(cuò);吹毛求疵
keep pace with
與……同步
put an end to
結(jié)束……
take notice of
注意到
take...into account
考慮……
catch sight of
看見(jiàn)
have a good reputation
有個(gè)好名聲
make a difference
有影響;有關(guān)系
【變式探究】
(2024·高考湖北卷,T21)When he was running after his brother,the boy lost his ________ and had a bad fall.
A.balance
B.chance
C.memory
D.Place
【易錯(cuò)警示】下列固定搭配中名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式:make preparations for為……做準(zhǔn)備盡力刻苦(both) ends meet使收支相抵輪流興致勃勃修理放聲大哭向四面八方。
【熱點(diǎn)突破】
例3、Being able to afford ________drink would be ________comfort in those tough times.
A.the;the
B.a(chǎn);a
C.a(chǎn);不填
D.不填;a
抽象名詞是表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、情感等的名詞,通常不與不定冠詞連用。但是,當(dāng)這些抽象名詞表示具體概念時(shí),前面可加不定冠詞,用來(lái)表示具體的人或物。常譯為“一次……的事;一個(gè)……的人;一種……東西”。 【變式探究】
Life for________disabled in Uganda is difficult,but for children it can be ________ shock that can never be overcome.
A.a(chǎn);the
B.不填;a
C.a(chǎn);不填
D.the;a
【熱點(diǎn)突破】
例4、(2024·高考浙江卷,T2)Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write ________ children’s book for many years,but one thing or another always got in ________ way.
A.a(chǎn);不填
B.the;the
C.不填;the
D.a(chǎn);the
1.泛指某一類(lèi)人或物中的任何一個(gè)。
The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve people’s well
-being and a dream of harmony,peace and development.
“中國(guó)夢(mèng)”是一個(gè)改善民生的夢(mèng),是一個(gè)和諧、和平與發(fā)展 的夢(mèng)。
2.用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,表示數(shù)量“一”;在某些物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞前加a,an表示“一份,一陣,一場(chǎng),一類(lèi)”等。
—Would you like something to drink?
——你想喝點(diǎn)什么?
—I would like a coffee and two beers.
——我想喝一杯咖啡和兩瓶啤酒。
3
He missed the gold in the high jump,but will get a second chance in the long jump.
他在跳高比賽中錯(cuò)失了金牌,但是 在跳遠(yuǎn)比賽中他還有機(jī)會(huì)。
4.用在專(zhuān)有名詞前表示“某一個(gè)”,相當(dāng)于a certain;用 于“a+most+形容詞+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),意為“非常,很”。 Dan Brown,the author of The Da Vinci Code,is a most famous writer. 丹·布朗,《達(dá)·芬奇密碼》的作者,是一位很著名的作家。
5.有些不可數(shù)名詞如knowledge,collection,understanding等后面加of...時(shí),前面需用不定冠詞a/an。構(gòu)成:have a (good) knowledge of...“精通……”;have a (clear/good)understanding of...“(清楚地/很好地)了 解……”。 Social practice is an opportunity for students to gain a better
understanding of how society operates. 社會(huì)實(shí)踐是讓學(xué)生來(lái)更好地了解社會(huì)運(yùn)作的一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。
【變式探究】
France is a main destination for U.S.travelers,________second only to the United Kingdom,
according to________Commerce Department report.
A.不填;a
B.不填;the
C.a(chǎn);a
D.the;the
【熱點(diǎn)突破】
例5.(2024·高考重慶卷,T3)I just heard ______ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask.
A.the;/
B.a(chǎn);/
C.the;a
D.a(chǎn);the
1.表示“特指”。上文已經(jīng)提到的人或物,再次提到時(shí)在其前加the。也可指上文未提到,但談話雙方都知道的人或物。
—Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?
——你昨天玩得開(kāi)心嗎?
—Yesas you know,the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.
——是的,正如你所知,晚會(huì)是在愉快的氣氛中進(jìn)行的。
2only,very,same等之前。
Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.在中國(guó)楊利偉是第一個(gè)登上太空的人。
【易錯(cuò)警示】
(1)only,very,same,main 等形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)前面也用定冠詞the。the only expensive dress I’ve got.這是我唯一一件貴的連衣裙。(2)a與most連用位于形容詞前時(shí)是表示程度的副詞意為“非常”;the與most連用位于形容詞或副詞前時(shí)是最高級(jí)的標(biāo)志意為“最……的”。a most important source of information.歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)艹洚?dāng)一種非常重要的信息來(lái)源。
The Jurassic Park is________Steven Spielberg movie in which________hero fights bravely and
protects his friends and family from dinosaurs.
A.不填;the
B.a(chǎn);the
C.不填;a
D.the;a
【熱點(diǎn)突破】
India attained ________independence in 1947,after________ long struggle.
A.不填;a
B.the;a
C.a(chǎn)n;不填
D.a(chǎn)n;the
1.表示泛指的不可數(shù)名詞(物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞)、專(zhuān)有名詞(不含普通名詞)或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前不加冠詞。單數(shù)可數(shù) 名 詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等限制時(shí),前也不加冠詞。
2.季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)假日、一日三餐前一般不加冠詞.但是如果名詞前面有修飾語(yǔ)或特指某一季節(jié)、月份等,要用 冠詞。
The spring of 2024 was a terrible spring because many people
died because of terrorists.
因?yàn)樵S多人死于恐怖分子,2024年的春天是個(gè)可怕的春天。
3.表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的頭銜、職務(wù)名詞作表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ) 足語(yǔ)時(shí),一般不加冠詞。
David,monitor of our class,is always ready to help others.
戴維,我們班的班長(zhǎng),總是樂(lè)于助人。
4.a(chǎn)s,though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的表語(yǔ)(單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)置于句首時(shí)不加冠詞。
Child as/though he is, he plays the violin perfectly.
盡管是個(gè)孩子,但他小提琴拉得很好。
5.系動(dòng)詞turn后的作表語(yǔ)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不加冠詞。
Lu Xun was a doctor before he turned writer/became a writer.魯迅在成為作家前是名醫(yī)生。
【變式探究】
In Germany,________successful project,which roughly translates as “adopt a grandparent”,has been running with_______great success.
Aa;a
B.a(chǎn);不填
C.the;a
D.不填;the
【高考真題解讀】
1.(2024·江蘇)Some schools will have to make
(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
2.(2024·江蘇)—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
— I'd like to, but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my
(apologize).
3.(2024·浙江)One of the most effective ways to reduce
(stressful) is to
talk about feelings with someone you trust.
4.(2024·湖北)When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his
(balanced) and had a bad fall.
5.(2024·安徽)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some
(think) and then let me know.
6.(2024·天津)Life is like
ocean:Only
strong-willed can
reach the other shore.
(2024·江蘇)—Why didn't you invite John to your birthday party?
—Well, you know he's
wet blanket.
8.(2024·浙江)Jane's grandmother had wanted to write
children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in
way.
9.(2024·重慶)I just heard
bank where Dora works was robbed by
gunman wearing a mask.
4.(2024·陜西)
more learned a man is,
more modest he usually becomes.
10.(2024·四川)Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to be
Beethoven.
【】
【熱點(diǎn)突破】
1.(2024·高考江蘇卷,T35)—Go and say sorry to your Mom,Dave.
—I’d like to,but I’m afraid she won’t be happy with my ________.
A.requests
B.excuses
C.a(chǎn)pologies
D.regrets
名詞詞義辨析主要考查考生對(duì)基本詞匯的掌握程度和名詞在具體語(yǔ)境中的運(yùn)用。常見(jiàn)考查形式有:異義詞辨析、同義詞辨析和近義詞辨析。在做題時(shí),先弄清題中每個(gè)名詞的意義 及用法,然后根據(jù)語(yǔ)境選擇符合句意的名詞。
常考的幾組名詞辨析有:
1.cause,reason,excuse
2.a(chǎn)ward,reward,prize
3.sight,view,scene,scenery
4.a(chǎn)nger,rudeness,regret,panic
5.condition,situation,state,position
6.reputation,influence,impression,attention
7.expectation,reputation,contribution,civilization
8.a(chǎn)ccommodation,occupation,adaptation,appreciation
【易錯(cuò)提醒】在高考詞義辨析題中有一種“熟詞生義”題型即題目中所填的詞是考生所熟悉的但所考查的含義卻是不常見(jiàn)的。這就要求考生在掌握單詞基本詞義的基礎(chǔ)上善于結(jié)合不同的語(yǔ)境去體會(huì)、感悟單詞的含義。
Never lie to your friends and, you know,honesty and trust are the________of true friendship.
A.distinction
B.a(chǎn)cquisition
C.foundation
D.function
【熱點(diǎn)突破】
例2.(2024·高考江蘇卷,T32)Some schools will have to make ________ in agreement with the national soccer reform.
A.judgments
B.a(chǎn)djustments
C.comments
D.a(chǎn)chievements
高考考查名詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配主要有兩類(lèi):“介詞+名詞”
和“動(dòng)詞+名詞”。常考的名詞短語(yǔ):
(1)out of one’s reach 在某人夠不到的地方
beyond recognition
無(wú)法辨認(rèn)
in great demand
需求量很大
in progress
在進(jìn)行中
out of question
不成問(wèn)題;無(wú)疑
of great value(=very valuable)
非常有價(jià)值的
(2)have/gain access to
可以獲得
gain/have an advantage over
勝過(guò),優(yōu)于
take advantage of
利用,趁……之機(jī)
pay attention to
注意
make the best of 充分利用,妥善處理
find fault with
挑……的錯(cuò);吹毛求疵
keep pace with
與……同步
put an end to
結(jié)束……
take notice of
注意到
take...into account
考慮……
catch sight of
看見(jiàn)
have a good reputation
有個(gè)好名聲
make a difference
有影響;有關(guān)系
【變式探究】
(2024·高考湖北卷,T21)When he was running after his brother,the boy lost his ________ and had a bad fall.
A.balance
B.chance
C.memory
D.Place
【易錯(cuò)警示】下列固定搭配中名詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式:make preparations for為……做準(zhǔn)備盡力刻苦(both) ends meet使收支相抵輪流興致勃勃修理放聲大哭向四面八方。
【熱點(diǎn)突破】
例3、Being able to afford ________drink would be ________comfort in those tough times.
A.the;the
B.a(chǎn);a
C.a(chǎn);不填
D.不填;a
抽象名詞是表示狀態(tài)、品質(zhì)、情感等的名詞,通常不與不定冠詞連用。但是,當(dāng)這些抽象名詞表示具體概念時(shí),前面可加不定冠詞,用來(lái)表示具體的人或物。常譯為“一次……的事;一個(gè)……的人;一種……東西”。 【變式探究】
Life for________disabled in Uganda is difficult,but for children it can be ________ shock that can never be overcome.
A.a(chǎn);the
B.不填;a
C.a(chǎn);不填
D.the;a
【熱點(diǎn)突破】
例4、(2024·高考浙江卷,T2)Jane’s grandmother had wanted to write ________ children’s book for many years,but one thing or another always got in ________ way.
A.a(chǎn);不填
B.the;the
C.不填;the
D.a(chǎn);the
1.泛指某一類(lèi)人或物中的任何一個(gè)。
The “Chinese Dream” is a dream to improve people’s well
-being and a dream of harmony,peace and development.
“中國(guó)夢(mèng)”是一個(gè)改善民生的夢(mèng),是一個(gè)和諧、和平與發(fā)展 的夢(mèng)。
2.用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前,表示數(shù)量“一”;在某些物質(zhì)名詞或抽象名詞前加a,an表示“一份,一陣,一場(chǎng),一類(lèi)”等。
—Would you like something to drink?
——你想喝點(diǎn)什么?
—I would like a coffee and two beers.
——我想喝一杯咖啡和兩瓶啤酒。
3
He missed the gold in the high jump,but will get a second chance in the long jump.
他在跳高比賽中錯(cuò)失了金牌,但是 在跳遠(yuǎn)比賽中他還有機(jī)會(huì)。
4.用在專(zhuān)有名詞前表示“某一個(gè)”,相當(dāng)于a certain;用 于“a+most+形容詞+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu),意為“非常,很”。 Dan Brown,the author of The Da Vinci Code,is a most famous writer. 丹·布朗,《達(dá)·芬奇密碼》的作者,是一位很著名的作家。
5.有些不可數(shù)名詞如knowledge,collection,understanding等后面加of...時(shí),前面需用不定冠詞a/an。構(gòu)成:have a (good) knowledge of...“精通……”;have a (clear/good)understanding of...“(清楚地/很好地)了 解……”。 Social practice is an opportunity for students to gain a better
understanding of how society operates. 社會(huì)實(shí)踐是讓學(xué)生來(lái)更好地了解社會(huì)運(yùn)作的一個(gè)機(jī)會(huì)。
【變式探究】
France is a main destination for U.S.travelers,________second only to the United Kingdom,
according to________Commerce Department report.
A.不填;a
B.不填;the
C.a(chǎn);a
D.the;the
【熱點(diǎn)突破】
例5.(2024·高考重慶卷,T3)I just heard ______ bank where Dora works was robbed by ________ gunman wearing a mask.
A.the;/
B.a(chǎn);/
C.the;a
D.a(chǎn);the
1.表示“特指”。上文已經(jīng)提到的人或物,再次提到時(shí)在其前加the。也可指上文未提到,但談話雙方都知道的人或物。
—Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?
——你昨天玩得開(kāi)心嗎?
—Yesas you know,the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.
——是的,正如你所知,晚會(huì)是在愉快的氣氛中進(jìn)行的。
2only,very,same等之前。
Yang Liwei is the first man who has been into space in China.在中國(guó)楊利偉是第一個(gè)登上太空的人。
【易錯(cuò)警示】
(1)only,very,same,main 等形容詞修飾名詞時(shí)前面也用定冠詞the。the only expensive dress I’ve got.這是我唯一一件貴的連衣裙。(2)a與most連用位于形容詞前時(shí)是表示程度的副詞意為“非常”;the與most連用位于形容詞或副詞前時(shí)是最高級(jí)的標(biāo)志意為“最……的”。a most important source of information.歷史經(jīng)驗(yàn)?zāi)艹洚?dāng)一種非常重要的信息來(lái)源。
The Jurassic Park is________Steven Spielberg movie in which________hero fights bravely and
protects his friends and family from dinosaurs.
A.不填;the
B.a(chǎn);the
C.不填;a
D.the;a
【熱點(diǎn)突破】
India attained ________independence in 1947,after________ long struggle.
A.不填;a
B.the;a
C.a(chǎn)n;不填
D.a(chǎn)n;the
1.表示泛指的不可數(shù)名詞(物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞)、專(zhuān)有名詞(不含普通名詞)或可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前不加冠詞。單數(shù)可數(shù) 名 詞前有物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等限制時(shí),前也不加冠詞。
2.季節(jié)、月份、星期、節(jié)假日、一日三餐前一般不加冠詞.但是如果名詞前面有修飾語(yǔ)或特指某一季節(jié)、月份等,要用 冠詞。
The spring of 2024 was a terrible spring because many people
died because of terrorists.
因?yàn)樵S多人死于恐怖分子,2024年的春天是個(gè)可怕的春天。
3.表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的頭銜、職務(wù)名詞作表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ) 足語(yǔ)時(shí),一般不加冠詞。
David,monitor of our class,is always ready to help others.
戴維,我們班的班長(zhǎng),總是樂(lè)于助人。
4.a(chǎn)s,though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中的表語(yǔ)(單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞)置于句首時(shí)不加冠詞。
Child as/though he is, he plays the violin perfectly.
盡管是個(gè)孩子,但他小提琴拉得很好。
5.系動(dòng)詞turn后的作表語(yǔ)的單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前不加冠詞。
Lu Xun was a doctor before he turned writer/became a writer.魯迅在成為作家前是名醫(yī)生。
【變式探究】
In Germany,________successful project,which roughly translates as “adopt a grandparent”,has been running with_______great success.
Aa;a
B.a(chǎn);不填
C.the;a
D.不填;the
【高考真題解讀】
1.(2024·江蘇)Some schools will have to make
(adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.
2.(2024·江蘇)—Go and say sorry to your Mom, Dave.
— I'd like to, but I'm afraid she won't be happy with my
(apologize).
3.(2024·浙江)One of the most effective ways to reduce
(stressful) is to
talk about feelings with someone you trust.
4.(2024·湖北)When he was running after his brother, the boy lost his
(balanced) and had a bad fall.
5.(2024·安徽)There is no need to tell me your answer now.Give it some
(think) and then let me know.
6.(2024·天津)Life is like
ocean:Only
strong-willed can
reach the other shore.
(2024·江蘇)—Why didn't you invite John to your birthday party?
—Well, you know he's
wet blanket.
8.(2024·浙江)Jane's grandmother had wanted to write
children's book for many years, but one thing or another always got in
way.
9.(2024·重慶)I just heard
bank where Dora works was robbed by
gunman wearing a mask.
4.(2024·陜西)
more learned a man is,
more modest he usually becomes.
10.(2024·四川)Brian is gifted in writing music;he is very likely to be
Beethoven.