路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索 走向高考 · 英語(yǔ) 人教版 · 高考總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 專題八　動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài) 第二部分 知 識(shí) 清 單 2 考 點(diǎn) 警 示 3 考 點(diǎn) 透 析 1 考 點(diǎn) 透 析 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)是語(yǔ)法填空中必考內(nèi)容之一，動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式都可能考到，不過(guò)最?？嫉氖且话悻F(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，以及一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，同時(shí)還常與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一起考查，做語(yǔ)法填空題時(shí)，首先要判斷括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；若是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣(陳述語(yǔ)氣還是虛擬語(yǔ)氣)、主謂一致四個(gè)方面。 其次，在確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，我們可從三個(gè)方面來(lái)進(jìn)行判斷： 1．看句子中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 2．在沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要看上下文的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式。 3．看是否是特殊句型等。 例如：Suddenly，he found(find) that he had run out of salt.此題考查時(shí)態(tài)，因?yàn)槭侵v述的過(guò)去的故事，故應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。另外，在寫(xiě)作中要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂酶鞣N時(shí)態(tài)，會(huì)使文章更鮮明、生動(dòng)，更能體現(xiàn)一個(gè)考生的英語(yǔ)運(yùn)用功底。 知 識(shí) 清 單 一、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 用法 典句例示 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) ①現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài) ②經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作 ③客觀真理 ④在某些狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí) ①We always care for each other and help each other. ②We have 3 classes a day. ③The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west. ④We will not go to the park if it rains tomorrow. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 用法 典句例示 一般過(guò)去時(shí) ①過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) ②過(guò)去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作 ③在狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài) ①We had a test yesterday. ②We often played together when we were children. ③He told us he read an interesting novel last night. ④She told me that she would come to see me when she visited China again. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 用法 典句例示 一般將來(lái)時(shí) will/shall do ①表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) ②表示一種趨向或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作 ③表示未事先考慮過(guò)，即說(shuō)話時(shí)臨時(shí)作出的決定 ④will在含有條件、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主句中表意愿 ①I(mǎi) shall go to swim tomorrow if it is fine. ②We will die without air or water. ③My grandmother will be 90 years old next year. ④She'll tell you if you ask her. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 用法 典句例示 一般將來(lái)時(shí) be going to do ①表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)?lái)要做某事，這種打算往往經(jīng)過(guò)事先考慮，甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備 ②表將來(lái)，不能用在含有條件、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主句中 ①I(mǎi)'m going to stay at home tomorrow. ②The little boy is going to learn how to play football. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 用法 典句例示 一般將來(lái)時(shí) be to do 表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、職責(zé)、可能性等 ①A meeting is to be held at 3 o'clock this afternoon. ②You are to report to the police. he about to to 表示“即刻：就要”，一般不與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句連用 ①Autumn harvest is about to start. ②He is about to leave for Beijing. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 用法 典句例示 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) ①用would do，was/were going to do sth.表過(guò)去將來(lái) ②was/were to do sth.和was/were about to do sth.表過(guò)去將來(lái) ③常用于賓語(yǔ)從句和間接引語(yǔ)中，表示過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的行為或存在的狀態(tài) ①I(mǎi) knew you would agree. ②He said he was going to come with us. ③He said the meeting was to be held the next week. ④I was about to leave when he came in. ⑤He said he would wait until they came back. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 用法 典句例示 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be＋doing ①表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 ②表近期特定的安排或計(jì)劃 ③表示趨向行為的動(dòng)詞，如come，go，start，begin leave等可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí) ④與always等連用表示贊揚(yáng)、厭煩等語(yǔ)氣 ①He is teaching English and learning Chinese. ②I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight. ③The National Day is coming. ④He is always helping others. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 用法 典句例示 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were＋doing ①表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 ②表示某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行 ①I(mǎi)t was raining when they left the station. ②When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has＋done ①表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響 ②表示某一動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去 ③在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以代替一般將來(lái)時(shí) ①He has gone to Shanghai. ②I have learnt English for three years. ③Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 用法 典句例示 過(guò)去完成時(shí)had＋done ①表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去” ②表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等，常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended等或者h(yuǎn)oped/planned...＋to have done ③過(guò)去完成時(shí)用于一些固定句型中 ①When Jack arrived, Mary had been away for almost an hour. ②I had hoped to send him a Christmas card, but I forgot to do so. ③I had hardly got home when it began to rain. ④That was the first time that he had visited Australia. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 用法 典句例示 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/has＋been＋doing ①用來(lái)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(還要繼續(xù)下去)的動(dòng)作 ②多與all the time，this week，all night等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，以及for和since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句連用 ①They have been living here for three years. ②He has been doing the maths problems since 800. 二、動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 用法 典句例示 被動(dòng)語(yǔ) 態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are done 一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are being done 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were being done ①不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 ②強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者 ①Rice is grown in South China. ②The glass was broken yesterday. ③The project is being carried out. ④This road was being built this time last year. ⑤This novel has been translated into 3 languages. 各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 用法 典句例示 被動(dòng)語(yǔ) 態(tài) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has been done 過(guò)去完成時(shí)had been done 一般將來(lái)時(shí)will be done 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/may/must be done ③動(dòng)作的執(zhí) 行者有較長(zhǎng)的修飾語(yǔ) ④出于禮貌，不愿說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 ⑥When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. ⑦The cars will be sent abroad by sea. ⑧Oil can be turned into energy by burning it. 考 點(diǎn) 警 示 1．下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 (1)表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞，如like，love，hate，care，remember，believe，need等。 (2)表“存在”的狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如appear，exist，lie，remain，seem等。

　　(3)表示一時(shí)性、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，如allow，accept，permit等。 (4)表示感官的動(dòng)詞，如see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等。

　　2．a(chǎn)lways，often等頻度副詞與進(jìn)行時(shí)連用表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行為或表達(dá)某種感情色彩，如贊嘆、不滿、厭煩等。如： The girl is always talking loud in public. 這個(gè)女孩老是當(dāng)眾大聲喧嘩。 3．只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但cost，have，own，lack，agree with，suffer from，belong to，consist of等及物動(dòng)詞或及物的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 4．以下情況常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。 (1)系動(dòng)詞feel，look，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，主語(yǔ)通常是事物。如： The material feels very soft. 這種料子摸起來(lái)很柔軟。 (2)write，read，clean，sell，wash，cook，open，close，lock等的否定式或與well，badly，easily等副詞連用，主語(yǔ)由內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能使謂語(yǔ)得以實(shí)現(xiàn)或不能實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)。如： The book sells well. 這本書(shū)很暢銷。 (3)cook，bake，make，print，pack，work out等動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)。如： The fish is cooking. 魚(yú)正在煮。

　　路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索 走向高考 · 英語(yǔ) 人教版 · 高考總復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法專題復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 專題八　動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與語(yǔ)態(tài) 第二部分 知 識(shí) 清 單 2 考 點(diǎn) 警 示 3 考 點(diǎn) 透 析 1 考 點(diǎn) 透 析 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)是語(yǔ)法填空中必考內(nèi)容之一，動(dòng)詞的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式都可能考到，不過(guò)最常考的是一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)，一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，以及一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，同時(shí)還常與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一起考查，做語(yǔ)法填空題時(shí)，首先要判斷括號(hào)中所給動(dòng)詞是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞還是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞；若是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，就要考慮時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣(陳述語(yǔ)氣還是虛擬語(yǔ)氣)、主謂一致四個(gè)方面。 其次，在確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，我們可從三個(gè)方面來(lái)進(jìn)行判斷： 1．看句子中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 2．在沒(méi)有時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要看上下文的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式。 3．看是否是特殊句型等。 例如：Suddenly，he found(find) that he had run out of salt.此題考查時(shí)態(tài)，因?yàn)槭侵v述的過(guò)去的故事，故應(yīng)用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。另外，在寫(xiě)作中要根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂酶鞣N時(shí)態(tài)，會(huì)使文章更鮮明、生動(dòng)，更能體現(xiàn)一個(gè)考生的英語(yǔ)運(yùn)用功底。 知 識(shí) 清 單 一、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 用法 典句例示 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) ①現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài) ②經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作 ③客觀真理 ④在某些狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí) ①We always care for each other and help each other. ②We have 3 classes a day. ③The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west. ④We will not go to the park if it rains tomorrow. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 用法 典句例示 一般過(guò)去時(shí) ①過(guò)去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) ②過(guò)去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作 ③在狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài) ①We had a test yesterday. ②We often played together when we were children. ③He told us he read an interesting novel last night. ④She told me that she would come to see me when she visited China again. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 用法 典句例示 一般將來(lái)時(shí) will/shall do ①表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài) ②表示一種趨向或習(xí)慣動(dòng)作 ③表示未事先考慮過(guò)，即說(shuō)話時(shí)臨時(shí)作出的決定 ④will在含有條件、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主句中表意愿 ①I(mǎi) shall go to swim tomorrow if it is fine. ②We will die without air or water. ③My grandmother will be 90 years old next year. ④She'll tell you if you ask her. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 用法 典句例示 一般將來(lái)時(shí) be going to do ①表示現(xiàn)在打算在最近或?qū)?lái)要做某事，這種打算往往經(jīng)過(guò)事先考慮，甚至已做了某種準(zhǔn)備 ②表將來(lái)，不能用在含有條件、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句的主句中 ①I(mǎi)'m going to stay at home tomorrow. ②The little boy is going to learn how to play football. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 用法 典句例示 一般將來(lái)時(shí) be to do 表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，還可表示吩咐、命令、禁止、職責(zé)、可能性等 ①A meeting is to be held at 3 o'clock this afternoon. ②You are to report to the police. he about to to 表示“即刻：就要”，一般不與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句連用 ①Autumn harvest is about to start. ②He is about to leave for Beijing. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 用法 典句例示 過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí) ①用would do，was/were going to do sth.表過(guò)去將來(lái) ②was/were to do sth.和was/were about to do sth.表過(guò)去將來(lái) ③常用于賓語(yǔ)從句和間接引語(yǔ)中，表示過(guò)去將要發(fā)生的行為或存在的狀態(tài) ①I(mǎi) knew you would agree. ②He said he was going to come with us. ③He said the meeting was to be held the next week. ④I was about to leave when he came in. ⑤He said he would wait until they came back. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 用法 典句例示 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)be＋doing ①表示說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 ②表近期特定的安排或計(jì)劃 ③表示趨向行為的動(dòng)詞，如come，go，start，begin leave等可用進(jìn)行時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí) ④與always等連用表示贊揚(yáng)、厭煩等語(yǔ)氣 ①He is teaching English and learning Chinese. ②I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight. ③The National Day is coming. ④He is always helping others. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 用法 典句例示 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were＋doing ①表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生或頻繁發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 ②表示某一動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)另一動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行 ①I(mǎi)t was raining when they left the station. ②When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has＋done ①表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響 ②表示某一動(dòng)作從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去 ③在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可以代替一般將來(lái)時(shí) ①He has gone to Shanghai. ②I have learnt English for three years. ③Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 用法 典句例示 過(guò)去完成時(shí)had＋done ①表示“過(guò)去的過(guò)去” ②表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的希望、打算、意圖、諾言等，常用had hoped/planned/meant/intended等或者h(yuǎn)oped/planned...＋to have done ③過(guò)去完成時(shí)用于一些固定句型中 ①When Jack arrived, Mary had been away for almost an hour. ②I had hoped to send him a Christmas card, but I forgot to do so. ③I had hardly got home when it began to rain. ④That was the first time that he had visited Australia. 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài) 用法 典句例示 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)have/has＋been＋doing ①用來(lái)表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻開(kāi)始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(還要繼續(xù)下去)的動(dòng)作 ②多與all the time，this week，all night等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，以及for和since引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句連用 ①They have been living here for three years. ②He has been doing the maths problems since 800. 二、動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 用法 典句例示 被動(dòng)語(yǔ) 態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/are done 一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/are being done 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were being done ①不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 ②強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者 ①Rice is grown in South China. ②The glass was broken yesterday. ③The project is being carried out. ④This road was being built this time last year. ⑤This novel has been translated into 3 languages. 各種時(shí)態(tài)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 用法 典句例示 被動(dòng)語(yǔ) 態(tài) 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has been done 過(guò)去完成時(shí)had been done 一般將來(lái)時(shí)will be done 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞can/may/must be done ③動(dòng)作的執(zhí) 行者有較長(zhǎng)的修飾語(yǔ) ④出于禮貌，不愿說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 ⑥When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. ⑦The cars will be sent abroad by sea. ⑧Oil can be turned into energy by burning it. 考 點(diǎn) 警 示 1．下面四類動(dòng)詞不宜用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 (1)表示心理狀態(tài)、情感的動(dòng)詞，如like，love，hate，care，remember，believe，need等。 (2)表“存在”的狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞，如appear，exist，lie，remain，seem等。

　　(3)表示一時(shí)性、非延續(xù)性動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，如allow，accept，permit等。 (4)表示感官的動(dòng)詞，如see，hear，notice，feel，smell，sound，taste，look等。

　　2．a(chǎn)lways，often等頻度副詞與進(jìn)行時(shí)連用表示經(jīng)常反復(fù)的行為或表達(dá)某種感情色彩，如贊嘆、不滿、厭煩等。如： The girl is always talking loud in public. 這個(gè)女孩老是當(dāng)眾大聲喧嘩。 3．只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。但cost，have，own，lack，agree with，suffer from，belong to，consist of等及物動(dòng)詞或及物的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 4．以下情況常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。 (1)系動(dòng)詞feel，look，seem，appear，taste，sound，smell，prove，remain等用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，主語(yǔ)通常是事物。如： The material feels very soft. 這種料子摸起來(lái)很柔軟。 (2)write，read，clean，sell，wash，cook，open，close，lock等的否定式或與well，badly，easily等副詞連用，主語(yǔ)由內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能使謂語(yǔ)得以實(shí)現(xiàn)或不能實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)。如： The book sells well. 這本書(shū)很暢銷。 (3)cook，bake，make，print，pack，work out等動(dòng)詞用于進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)。如： The fish is cooking. 魚(yú)正在煮。